后WTO时代我国发展水产养殖业的内在禀赋分析

加入WTO后,我国水产品在获得更为广阔的国际市场的同时,也遭受到水产品进口国法律法规和技术性贸易壁垒对我国水产品出口设置的种种限制.在这种形势下,本文对我国发展水产养殖业资源存在的内在优势和弱势进行系统分析,并根据我国的具体情况提出了我国水产养殖业健康发展应采取的战略选择.     

“中国无公害水产品行动计划”及发展无公害水产品的措施

所谓无公害水产品是指产地环境、生产过程和产品质量符合国家有关标准和规范的要求，经认证合格获得认证证书并允许使用无公害农产品标志的未经加工或者初加工的水产品。随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，广大城乡居民对清理“餐桌污染”，确保水产食品质量安全的要求日益强烈。尤其在中国加入WTO后，对水产品质量提出了更高的要求，它直接关系到水产养殖业的可持续发展，无公害的优质水产品将成为国际市场的首选产品。     

加强名特优养殖业的管理

加强名特优养殖业的管理全国水产技术推广总站信息体系处王玉堂在＂市场经济、效益为先＂的大气候下，名。特、优、新水产品的养殖业发展非常迅速，成为当前水产养殖业中的高值产业，也是时髦产业。面临这种发展状况，为保持我国水产养殖业平稳而高速发展，我们从事水产行...     

水产养殖技术推广中的困难与对策

正近年来,我国水产养殖业取得了飞速发展,但是,由于我国水产养殖技术较为落后,水产养殖业产量无法满足社会水产品的需求。水产养殖技术是现代水产养殖业发展的基础,如何更好的推广现代水产养殖技术,促进我国水产养殖业的发展,已经成为水产养殖领域亟需解决的问题。一、水产养殖技术推广中遇到的困难1.养殖户科技意识较弱传统的水产养殖业,是依托于养殖经验和基本养殖技术发展的,随着近年     

落实科学发展观构建健康发展的水产养殖业

本文在总结我国水产养殖业发展主要成就及基本特点的基础上，指出现阶段水产养殖业发展值得关注的四个突出问题：水产养殖对资源环境影响日益严重，水产养殖病害增多，水产品药残问题突出，养殖渔民权益保障不力。针对这些问题，提出了树立科学发展观，发展资源节约型、环境友好型的水产养殖业的总体建议，并具体提出如下改进措施：扎实推进水产养殖业的科学管理和基础建设，全面宣传和推广健康养殖的理念、技术和生态养殖方式，要把解决渔用饲料问题当成一项重大工程来抓，培育优势出口品种以拓展水产养殖发展空间，要把提高水产养殖质量安全水平放到更加重要的位置。     

水产保鲜食品深加工潜力巨大

<正>我国幅员辽阔,资源丰富,水产品种类繁多。水产养殖业取得了长足的发展,我国水产品年产量连续26年居世界第一。水产品加工和综合利用是渔业生产活动的延续,它随着水产捕捞和养殖生产的发展而发展,并逐步成为我国渔业三大支柱产业之一。发展水产品加工和综合利用,对支持和促进捕捞和养殖生产的发展具     

增强无公害意识 促进水产业健康发展

<正> 随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,广大城乡居民对清理“餐桌污染”,确保水产食品质量安全的要求日益强烈。尤其在中国加入WTO后,对我国水产品质量提出了更高的要求,它直接关系到水产养殖业的可持续发展,无污染、无公害的优质水产品将成为国际市场的首选产品。所谓无公害水产品是指产地环境、生产过程和产品质     

浅析水产养殖池塘尾水处理方式

随着我国经济快速发展和社会生活水平的提高,水产品的需求量逐年增大,我国对水产养殖业发展的关心和扶持力度明显增强,水产养殖业发展取得了显著成绩,但水产养殖业的快速发展也不同程度地存在对水生态环境的破坏。"绿水青山就是金山银山",随着社会经济的持续发展,人民对环境保护的呼声也越来越高,加快渔业发展供给侧改革,确保渔业可持续发展,迫在眉睫。     

“中国无公害水产品行动计划”无公害水产品的措施及发展

所谓无公害水产品是指产地环境、生产过程和产品质量符合国家有关标准和规范的要求,经认证合格获得认证证书并允许使用无公害农产品标志的未经加工或者初加工的水产品。随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,广大城乡居民对清理“餐桌污染”,确保水产食品质量安全的要求日益强烈。尤其在中国加入WTO后,对水产品质量提出了更高的要求,它直接关系到水产养殖业的可持续发展,无公害的优质水产品将成为国际市场的首选产品。一、各地积极发展无公害水产品由农业部组织的“中国无公害水产品行动计划”,目前正在实施中。该计划是…     

浅谈鱼病的综合防治及渔药的科学使用

<正> 近几年来,随着我国农业经济结构战略性调整步伐的加快,水产养殖业得到了迅猛地发展。由于各地水产养殖规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的提高,水产养殖病害和水产品质量问题也日益突出。尤其加入WTO后,国际、国内各地区间水产品交换日益频繁,多种疾病的暴发和发病的程度也相应增加。而长期以来,由于我国水生动物防病工作滞后,加上水产养殖业千家万户分散作业,渔民质     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。