上海经济增长方式转变的基本内涵

进入90年代以后．上海经济开始由粗放型增长方式向集约型增长方式转变。经过“八五”的发展，上海经济已具有一些明显的集约化经济的特点．呈出“高增长、中投入、高效益”的新格局，经济的整体素质正在提高。经济增长方式集粗放型与集约型并举．但仍以粗放型增长方式为主。     

创意产业：中国经济持续发展的新引擎

随着全球经济的迅速发展．创意产业已不仅仅限于理念层面，而已经成为有着经济效益的经济增长的新引擎。发展创意产业促进经济增长方式的转变已成为国外发达国家和地区普遍采取的战略举措。对于发展中的中国来说．发展创意产业是适时之举，它的发展为经济增长方式的转变带来了新的契机。文章旨在剖析创意产业对经济的影响的重要性，并在此基础上提出有关发展创意产业的策略。     

以结构调整促进经济增长

树立科学发展观，走新型工业化道路，最根本的就是要加快产业结构调整、转变经济增长方式，努力提高经济增长质量和效益，实现速度与结构、质量、效益相统一，经济发展与人口、资源、环境相协调。高新技术产业是典型的集约型、节约型经济。大力发展高新技术产业，积极用高新技术改造提升传统产业，是推进经济增长方式转变、提高经济增长质量和效益的根本途径。     

从制度建设角度看经济增长约束条件的转变--兼评权衡《"收入分配--经济增长"的现代分析》

收入分配与经济增长的关系问题，不仅是现代经济学说中的主流学术议题，也是当代国际社会共同关注的基本话题。对约束条件转变的洞察，是研究收入分配与经济增长互动关系问题的基本路径，也是衡量经济学家功底的试金石。以单纯的经济增长为考核指标，导致了短期行为频繁发生，并且催生了粗放型的开发方式，虽然也增加了部分财富，但又产生了新一轮的约束条件。为了实现在追赶状态下的合理的经济发展，我国必须转变经济增长方式，并尽快突破影响经济健康发展的新一轮约束条件。     

经济信息化、加入WTO与中国经济增长方式的转变

经济信息化是当代世界经济发展的一个主要趋势，并日益成为西方发达国家经济增长的主要动力源。信息经济的发展使现代经济增长方式发生一场新的革命，并赋予现代经济集约增长方式以新的含义。经济信息化的发展对我国经济增长方式转变提出了新的挑战。面对当代世界经济信息化的浪潮，我国必须加快经济信息化的步伐，实现最新意义上的经济增长方式转变。加入ＷＴＯ将通过信息产业的发展和信息技术在其他产业的广泛应用而全面加速我国国民经济信息化的进程。     

浅议转变经济增长方式的认识误区

人们对转变经济增长方式存在误区：认为转变经济增长方式就是不搞劳动密集型产业，都搞高新技术产业；认为只有工业需要转变经济增长方式，农业和其它行业不存在转变经济增长方式问题；认为我国过去长期实行的是粗放型经济增长方式，因而不存在集约型经济的内容；认为转变经济增长方式纯属实际经济工作部门的事，与其它部门无关。对这些误区必须给予指正。     

对加快经济增长方式 转变的认识

对加快经济增长方式转变的认识●鹿丽实现经济增长方式的转变是“九五”期间决定我国经济发展的全局性问题之一，是我国现代化建设进一步发展的迫切要求，也是振兴民族经济的必由之路。所谓经济增长方式的转变，是指生产要素的组合方式及其推动经济实现持续增长方式的转变...     

探索中国特色环境保护新道路

中国经济正在调整，经济发展方式应该转变。前一段经济增长过多地依靠土地、矿产、环境和低价劳动力，发展外向型经济导致经济向低端产业集中     

浅谈我国经济增长方式转变—理论回顾与实践探讨

当前，中国经济实现增长方式转变，对于发展工业化道路是极其重要的，本文在回顾经济增长理论的基础上，提出了加决推进经济增长方式转变的意义。目前在我国经济由粗放型向集约型增长方式转变过程中存在的障碍仍未消除，在很大程度上，转换增长方式和消除障碍的关键在于科技进步和政府职能的转变。     

开放经济中的中国产业增长模式转变

开放经济中中国产业传统增长模式虽然带来了较高的增长速度,然而这种增长方式产生的弊端与问题也日益显露,在开放经济发展中受国内外环境的制约显著加重。提升中国产业发展的外源性增长质量和内源性增长动因是中国在开放经济中转变战略和提升开放效益的重要环节。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.