对基层央行机房管理模式的思考

央行计算机机房作为信息化基础设施的核心,承担着保障业务系统安全稳定运行和为央行履职提供有效支撑的作用,对其进行安全防护和集中管理显得尤为重要。由于机房是重要信息系统和核心设备的汇聚地,如何对基层央行机房进行建设、改造、运行,充分发挥其维护金融稳定和提供金融服务的基础作用,需要大家进行思考和探讨。近年来,人民银行酒泉市中心支行（以下简称“人行酒泉中支”）按照《中国人民银行计算机机房规范化工作指引》的要求,从细微处入手,通过建立健全管理制度、实施机房达标建设、改造两网分离,有效构建管理体系和规范机房运行。     

浅析UPS电源短接柜方案

一．提出方案 为保证中心机房内各种电脑设备的不间断运行,UPS电源设备是其必有设备。而中心机房的UPS电源使用寿命约10年,10年后,UPS电源主机的更换,会对中心机房内小型机、网络设备、服务器造成停电影响,并可能导致小型机、服务器加电后不能正常启动,这是困扰中心机房设备正常运行乃至使各项业务顺畅进行的一个问题。而银行由于其特殊性,     

基层央行机房建设全程引入第三方监理的作用介绍

人民银行湖南省辖内各市州中支机房一般安全运行10至15年后,由于设备老化、标准落后,需要进行升级改造。2017年,人民银行株洲市中心支行在机房升级改造的过程中发现机房建设项目具有复杂性以及市州中支缺乏机房建设类复合型人才,于是结合实际情况引入第三方监理对机房建设的安全和质量进行监督。本文先分析湖南省辖内各市州中支目前在机房建设方面遇到的困难,随后从机房建设项目的设计阶段、招标阶段、施工阶段和竣工验收阶段入手,讲述第三方监理在每个阶段的主要作用。     

机房环境集中监控系统的设计与实践

随着信息技术的深入应用,中国人民银行（以下简称“人民银行”）的许多业务采取了集中处理的运行方式。越来越多的IT设备集中在中心机房,中心机房作为系统的重要运行基础环境,在人民银行的日常生产和管理中起着举足轻重的作用。中心机房中,供配电柜、UPS、精密空调、消防、安防监控等重要设备的安全运行,为信息系统的正常运行提供了必要的保障。     

浅谈IT系统环境下精密空调维护方法

由于IT系统环境下核心机房需要相当高的散热效益和精确控制的湿度环境,因此为了确保对环境参数做到精确的控制,需要机房精密空调长期安全和稳定运行。但从近年中国人民银行茂名市中心支行若干台精密空调的运行情况来看,常出现一些类似的环境告警或设备故障问题,一定程度上影响了机房的正常运作。     

Vmware虚拟机在机房应用的探析

基层央行中心机房中各服务器的正常运行保障了人民银行各项业务的顺利进行，但由于资金的限制和中心机房硬件设备的不到位，中心机房中许多服务器只有生产机而无备份服务器，服务器一旦出现故障，将会影响全行的正常工作。     

如何做好中心机房配电系统改造

资料统计显示，在造成计算机机房运行事故的原因中，有近60％是由于电源方面的故障引起的：随着金融企业中心机房运行时间越来越长，机房的基础环境设施也逐步进入更新改造期，而其中的机房配电系统改造又成为整个机房改造的核心与关键。机房配电系统改造的成功将是计算机中心机房安全稳定运行的基础和重要保障。本文将以工商银行湖北分行运行中心机房的配电系统改造为例，从实际改造过程和经验的角度，对如何做好中心机房配电系统改造进行简要的分析和探讨。     

金融业机房建设规划实用技术

金融业许多早期建没的机房慢慢老化,机房面积和硬件环境部已不适应IT系统对机房物理环境的要求,随着金融信息化发疑和设备增加．为了确保机房内IT设备的安全运行,需要对原有机房进行改造、扩建或新建机房由于机房规划设计涉及包括供配电系统、建筑装饰、控制系统、刺电系统、屏蔽系统等很多综合性、交叉性学科和专业,同时还需要符合建筑室内设计、空渊、通风、给排水、强电、弱电等专业及计算机房所特有的技术要求,这对于机房维护管理人员来说,是很大难度的挑战。     

关于农业银行综合业务系统应用情况的调查报告

根据上级行的统一部署规划，宜兴农行自2001年3月份便开始对AS/400系统实施网络通信改造、部分设备更新、UNIX系统升级等向农业银行综合业务系统（ABIS综合业务系统）转换的技术准备工作，并于2001年8月25日成功实现了新老系统的平稳切换。新系统运行以来，各项业务已步入正常轨道。为了进一步了解和掌握ABIS综合业务系统的运行状况，及时为基层提供技术支持，帮助网点解决实际问题，确保业务系统健康运行，笔者就有关新系统应用情况、网络通讯情况、设备运行情况及机房管理情况等对全辖网点开展了全面调研。一、存在问题ABIS综合业…     

依托科技创新运维能力提爿——外汇局基础环境监控系统的特点与成效

国家外汇管理局（以下简称外汇局）目前有各类外汇管理业务生产系统30多个。所有系统运行在3个计算机机房、近300台服务器上，在不同楼层还分布着2间UPS电源室、3间精密空调室和9个设备间。目前从事运行维护的一线员工只有不到10名，依靠人工方式对应用系统、生产设备和运行环境进行监控的传统维护方式显然已不能满足外汇业务的发展需要，甚至会带来重大安全运行隐患。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.