逆周期财政政策能够控制政府债务风险吗?——理论变迁与经验数据分析

文章基于经济理论变迁,梳理了近代以来西方预算平衡与政府债务理论变迁的主要趋势,探讨了古典经济学年度预算平衡理论与凯恩斯财政革命后的周期预算平衡理论,及其对政府债务风险管理的影响。在此基础上,文章使用跨国面板数据实证分析了发展中国家财政周期选择对政府债务风险的影响,研究发现采取逆周期财政政策的国家能够更好地约束债务风险,该实证结果在不同债务警戒标准下均保持稳健。当前,为了有效约束财政风险,我国应避免进入顺周期财政陷阱,建立可控债务风险的逆周期财政调控机制。     

“危机时代”我国财政政策探讨

在"欧债危机"持续发酵,各种危机相继出现的当前国际形势下,我国应当怎样合理运用财政政策来防范抵御危机和"强身健体"呢?本文通过分析2007年以来我国财政政策的运用过程、产生效果和存在问题,提出了未来一段时期我国在财政政策方面需要采取的策略和措施,为政策制订和决策者提供参考。     

我国上市公司债务结构对业绩影响的实证研究

从公开债务（即公共债务）和非公开债务（即私人债务）的角度,分别研究了上市公司的公共债务资产比例,私人债务资产比例以及资产负债率对公司业绩的影响,发现公共债务在公司治理方面起到了显著的积极作用,而私人债务却由于其对经理人的软约束,并不利于公司整体业绩的提高和长远的发展。     

推进主体功能区建设的财政政策思考

推进主体功能区建设,需要财政政策对区域经济发展中市场机制的失灵领域进行调节,引导资源要素向目标功能区合理流动,以促进目标功能区经济发展方式的转变。研究推进主体功能区建设的财政政策,要对其政策目标、政策工具、政策类型等政策体系进行分析,并提出与主体功能区的功能定位和发展要求相一致的政策思路和政策建议。     

转型、经济增长与动态财政政策——Zou(1996)两步法

本文在Zou (1996)的框架基础上,通过内生政府支出,并且将生产性支出设定为存量,求解一个含有私人消费、公共消费、私人资本存量和公共资本存量的动态系统。结论表明,存在一个最优资本产权结构,使得经济能够登上平衡增长道路。与Barro（1990）等不同的是,本文的模型将转型与经济增长紧密联系起来,用资本产权结构的动态变化来表征经济的转型过程,进一步地,财政政策的动态学也有了市场基础。     

供给推动——论经济增长方式转型中的财政政策

本文讨论未来新形势下财政政策的目标定位问题.我们认为,财政政策的目标应从现有的需求管理转向供给推动,与此同时,这种以供给推动为主要目标的财政政策可以比现在更为积极.这种以供给推动为主要目标的更为积极的财政政策将有助于促进经济增长方式转型,并为中国在相当长时期内保持高速的经济增长提供保障.当中国经济能维持持续的高速增长时,债务问题则无需过虑.     

Sri Lanka’s Rural Non-Farm Economy: Removing Constraints to Pro-Poor Growth

We use a survey of rural enterprises from Sri Lanka to explore characteristics of the informal non-farm sector and identify obstacles to its expansion and productivity. Value added in this sector amounts to 80% of agricultural GDP participating households’ incomes are significantly higher than those of households who do not participate. Barriers to entry are low and the impact of non-farm development on inequality modest, implying a large potential contribution to growth and poverty reduction. Infrastructure constraints negatively affect new startups, investment in, and productivity of existing enterprises, with small enterprises being particularly affected.     

Chronological changes of government sectors’ fiscal policies and fiscal sustainability in Japan

Since the end of the 1990 s, the sluggish growth of Japan’s gross domestic product (GDP) and the mired fiscal state of its public sector have provoked consternation about its public sector’s fiscal sustainability. Therefore, I estimated the fiscal reaction functions (stemming from Bohn, 1998a, 2008) with time-varying parameters for all Japan’s government sectors (for 1976Q2–2020Q1), i.e., the general government (GG), the central government (CG), the whole of the local governments (WLG), and the whole of the social security funds (WSSF), to chronologically assess their fiscal sustainability using four different models, including a least-squares with breakpoints model and a state-space model with the Kalman filter. My results demonstrate that (1) the least-squares with breakpoints model outperformed the others, and (2) although CG, WLG, and WSSF often sustainably managed their finances during the analysis term, GG has failed to implement a sustainable fiscal policy from the mid-1990 s (3) CG and WSSF adjusted their fiscal postures according to Japan’s economic state. Fiscal severity caused WLG to change its fiscal posture.     

Branch expansion and banking efficiency in Sri Lanka’s post‐conflict era

This study assesses changes in the technical efficiency of commercial banks in Sri Lanka following the end of armed conflict in 2009. The weighted aggregate-efficiency technique, based on a group-wise heterogeneous subsampling bootstrap approach, is employed to compare efficiency levels during the periods 2007–2009 and 2010–2013. This technique allows for heterogeneity in environmental and regulatory conditions between the two periods while assuming homogeneity within each period. Our results reveal that the banking sector experienced a significant efficiency improvement post-conflict even with unprecedented branch expansion. The findings, therefore, controvert the mainstream view that bank efficiency declined with rapid industry expansion. Further, we conclude that geographical expansion of the banking sector is a viable and effective policy tool to achieve broad-based and inclusive growth for emerging economies like Sri Lanka, particularly in a period of post-conflict recovery.     

Beggar thy Neighbor? The Transmission of Fiscal Shocks from the US to Canada

This paper investigates how innovations in income taxes and government expenditures originating in the US affect the US economy, and how these effects are transmitted to the Canadian economy. Using a semi-structural VAR model and data for both countries for the 1961:1–2004:3 period, we find that fiscal policy innovations originating in the US are transmitted to the Canadian economy by international trade and capital flows through interest rate and exchange rate channels. Unanticipated shocks to US government expenditures have beggar thy neighbor effects on Canada. US output increases and Canadian output decreases in response to a positive shock to US government expenditures. In response to an unanticipated increase in US income taxes, US output declines while US and Canadian real interest rates rise. The response of Canadian output, however, is not significantly different from zero.

对西部地区财税问题的思考

本文认为,西部地区经济欠发达有财税政策方面的原因,如地区财政支出总量不足,结构欠佳,经济发展的财政基础较为薄弱;东西部地区投资的原有财税政策差异明显,严重阻碍了资本的西流;缺乏强有力的财政政策投融资体系与政策的支持等。因此,要开发西部,关键是财税政策的调整与改进。