高处不胜寒

网上有部亚果的小说——《不想当第二名》，书名的含义无非是恋人争夺在对方心里的位置。对于爱情理应当仁不让，而生活中其他的事情就该另当别论。同学家的孩子学习很好，考试常得第一。有一次得了第二名，问他是否有些遗憾，他回答说当第二的感觉比较好，当第一容易失去动力。说这话时他一脸认真，一点也不矫情。     

Too Hot？ Too Cold？

China＇s economy will likely start 2010 with double-digit GDP growth, a booming infrastructure build-out, a tightening labour market, and increasing worries about inflation. However, concerns about the global recovery and about what will hap- pen when the stimulus package ends mean policy makers will be hesitant to tighten. We expect growth to moderate during the year as consumer spending grows steadily but investment growth slows.     

Too Hot ? Too Cold?

Economic outlook China's economy will likely start 2010 with double-digit GDP growth, a booming infrastructure build-out, a tightening labour market, and increasing worries about inflation.However,concerns about the global recovery and about what will happen when the stimulus package ends mean policy makers will be hesitant to tighten.We expect growth to moderate during the year as consumer spending grows steadily but investment growth slows.     

Too Small or Too Big to Survive: Foreign Direct Investment and Divestment in Breweries

The paper focuses on both the economic and noneconomic multilateral relationships inside and outside the TNCs’ own business networks in the processes of the firms’ internalization on the example of foreign direct investment and divestment in breweries in the UK and Poland. The mode of TNCs’ entry in breweries in the mature economy of the UK and transformation economy in Poland is less country specific and more associated with the international environment of network relationships. The paper presents both structures of the international networks connections as well as the ways they have been created. The system analysis is used.     

货币泛滥

在量化宽松上，美联储不是“一个人在战斗”，欧洲央行的OMT也大开印钞机。8月，默克尔站在欧洲央行行长德拉吉一边，倾向于保卫欧元；9月6日欧洲央行无上限购债计划（OMT）启动；9月14日美联储宣布推出第三轮量化宽松（QE3）政策。一系列历史性事件中，金银随之起舞，有色金属和能源普涨。全球货币宽松期到来，     

A Credible Path for Ending Too Big to Fail

The high degree of concentration in the U.S. financial system has been intensified in the wake of the 2007–09 financial crisis. Implicit government support of banks that are deemed “too big to fail” has resulted in excessive risk taking and a focus on short-term rewards rather than long-term performance. This paper proposes a three-step plan to limit the federal safety net to commercial depository institutions and to restructure institutions so that no one institution poses systemic risk in the event of failure and that the largest banks face the same kind of risks of closure and market risk as the smallest.     

Too much negative training

Those wonderful personal computers on our desks may just continue the fascination with screens we gain as youngsters watching television. Both may critically impair the interpersonal skills managers need.     

产能过剩——船舶工业难以承受之重

近日，国内造船业比较发达的浙江舟山地区提出，今后3年内将不再审批一般性造船新项目；对部分船企将实施搬迁整合或鼓励转向其他产业。近两年来，舟山地区船舶工业发展迅猛，2008年舟山全市船舶工业新建扩建项目完成投资额95亿元。据了解，严重的产能过剩已经导致该地区一些中小船厂出现“断粮”的情况，“晒船台”甚至倒闭将成为不可避免的事实。     

Brazils' Economy:Too Hot

Brazil has a lot to be proud of.A decade of faster growth and progressive social policies has brought a prosperity that is ever more widely shared.The unemployment rate for April,at 6.4%,is the lowest on record.Credit is booming,particularly to the swelling numbers who have moved out of poverty and into the middle class.Income inequality,though still     

A Built-in Bias for Developing Too Many Products Too Frequently: The Problem of Japanese Firms

A problem of Japanese electronics firms and automobile makers is to develop too many products too frequently. They must give thought to a radical change in their product development practices, for the sake of their own financial health as well as for the good of society. It is difficult, however, for them to reduce the number of new products and extend their life span, because they have a built-in bias against doing so.     

Flying Too Close to the Sun? Hubris Among CEOs and How to Prevent it

Hubris among CEOs is generally considered to be undesirable: researchers in finance and in management have documented its unwelcome effects and the media ascribe many corporate failings to CEO hubris. However, the literature fails to provide a precise definition of CEO hubris and is mostly silent on how to prevent it. We use work on hubris in the fields of mythology, psychology, and ethics to develop a framework defining CEO hubris. Our framework describes a set of beliefs and behaviors, both psycho-pathological and unethical in nature, which characterize the problematic relationship of the hubris-infected CEO towards his or her own self, others and the world at large. We then demonstrate how the development of authentic leadership may contribute to preventing or attenuating hubris by addressing its psycho-pathological nature through the true self and meaningful relationships with others. In addition to its psycho-pathological dimension, CEO hubris also contains an ethical dimension. We therefore propose that the development of the virtue of reverence might contribute to the prevention or attenuation of CEO hubris, because reverence makes the individual aware of his or her place in the world order and membership of the community of humans.     

Excellent Product … But Too Early to Say: Consumer Reactions to Tentative Product Reviews

This research explores the effects of tentativeness in online product reviews on consumers' product attitude certainty and behavioral intentions. Drawing on salience theory, attribution theory, and work in attitude certainty, I predict that, when consumers who have seen positive reviews of a product are exposed to a tentative review, their attitude certainty and willingness to purchase is reduced. I also predict that consumer reactions differ depending on the expertise of the review source as well as the product experience of the consumer.I also address confidence in information completeness as the metacognitive mechanism that explains the tentative review effect. Specifically, I argue that consumers who see a tentative review are sensitized to potentially missing information, which reduces their attitude certainty and willingness to purchase.Our hypotheses are tested in a series of experiments which demonstrate that tentativeness reduces attitude certainty and willingness to purchase but that the effect is attenuated when the reviewer is a novice and when the consumer has a high level of product experience. Based on the findings, I discuss our contributions to theory and suggest practical steps that firms can take to mitigate the effects of tentative reviews.     

Brazil＇s Economy：Too Hot

Brazil has a lot to be proud of. A decade of faster growth and progres- sive social policies has brought a prosperity that is ever more widely shared. ＂Ihe unemployment rate for April, at 6.4%, is the ...     

Too close to be similar: Product and price competition in retail gasoline markets

We examine how product and pricing decisions of retail gasoline stations depend on local market demographics and the degree of competitive intensity in the market. We are able to shed light on the observed empirical phenomenon that proximate gasoline stations price very similarly in some markets, but very differently in other markets. Our analysis of product design and price competition between firms integrates two critical dimensions of heterogeneity across consumers: Consumers differ in their locations and in their travel costs, as in models of horizontal differentiation. They also differ in their relative preference or valuations for product quality dimensions, in terms of the offered station services (such as pay-at-pump, number of service bays or other added services), as in models of vertical differentiation. We find that the degree of local competitive intensity and the dispersion in consumer incomes are sufficient to explain variations in the product and pricing choices of competing firms. Closely located retailers who face sufficient income dispersion across consumers in a local market may differentiate on product design and pricing strategies. In contrast, retailers that are farther apart from each other may adopt similar product design and pricing strategies if the market is relatively homogeneous on income. Using empirical survey data on prices and station characteristics gathered across 724 gasoline stations in the St. Louis metropolitan area, and employing a multivariate logit model that predicts the joint probability of stations within a local market differentiating on product design and pricing strategies as a function of market demographics and local competitive intensity, we find strong support for the central implications of the theory.

Does Fiscal Stimulus Cause Too Much Debt?

This study distinguishes between temporary fiscal stimulus to combat a recession and two other debt-raising policies: financial bailouts and spending on Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. Two striking conclusions emerge from our simulations of the impact of a temporary fiscal stimulus on the economy. First, the fiscal stimulus effectively mitigates the recession. Second, debt as a percentage of GDP is only slightly greater with the fiscal stimulus than it would be without the stimulus.