农村小额信贷博弈分析

农村小额信用贷款是帮助农民致富的有效手段,但是由于种种原因,这种贷款形式在我国的推行存在各种限制,无法顺利开展。本文采用动态博弈的方法,展现了农村小额信用贷款的供给方农村信用社与需求方农民的动态博弈关系,为解决实际问题提供基本的依据。要解决还款难问题,就要适度降低个人违约的本息,提高其违约成本,优化贷款追收途径从而提高贷款追收成功率。     

基层信用社农户小额信用贷款问题思考

自农户小额信用贷款实施推广以来,对于解决农民贷款难,信用社难贷款,改善农村金融服务,发展农村经济,促进农民增收等方面发挥了积极的作用,取得了较好的效果。但从目前开展情况看,仍然有许多问题亟待解决。在经营管理的过程中也不同程度地存在一些不容忽视的潜在风险和问题,笔者以浙江南浔农村合作银行?为例,对农户小额信用贷款问题进行了分析。     

新形势下农户小额贷款运行特征、问题及对策建议

农户小额信用贷款在我国新农村建设中具有重要作用,发展农户小额信用贷款能够有效的缓解农户贷款难和信用社难贷款的问题,从而实现农户与农村信用社双赢。针对农村经济发展新的形势,文章以陕西三原县农户小额信用贷款为例,分析农户小额贷款运行特征和现状,探讨存在的问题,依此提出相应的对策建议。     

新形势下农户小额贷款运行特征、问题及对策建议

农户小额信用贷款在我国新农村建设中具有重要作用,发展农户小额信用贷款能够有效的缓解农户贷款难和信用社难贷款的问题,从而实现农户与农村信用社双赢。针对农村经济发展新的形势,文章以陕西三原县农户小额信用贷款为例,分析农户小额贷款运行特征和现状,探讨存在的问题,依此提出相应的对策建议。     

江西农村小额信用贷款的态势分析

农村小额信用贷款是我国政府和中央银行解决新形势下农村金融问题的一种贷款方式。它不仅能起到扶贫作用,更是一种特殊的金融形式,有助于我国农村经济的发展和和谐社会的构建。但是在农村小额信用贷款发展的过程中,也不断有问题出现。本文从对农村小额信用贷款的认识入手,对农村小额信用贷款进行态势分析,并提出改进建议。     

农户如何申办小额信用贷款

<正> 与其他农村贷款不同的是,农户小额信用贷款是农村信用社基于农户的信誉情况,在核定的额度和期限内向其发放的不需抵押、担保的贷款。农户小额信用贷款,针对的是信用社对农业户口且主要从事农村土地耕作或者其他与农村经济发展有关的生产经营活动的农民、个体经营户等发放的贷款。申请贷款的具体条件:一是居住在信用社的营业区域之内;二是具有完全民事行为能力,资信良好;三是从事土地耕作或者其他符合国家产业政策的生产经营活动,并有合法、可靠的经济来源;四是具备清偿贷款本息的能力。农户小额信用贷款用途:(一)种植     

农村小额信用贷款的风险管理

近年来,农村小额信用贷款得到越来越多的关注,这是一种以农户的信誉程度为根据,给予农户一定额度和期限的贷款,该贷款无需任何抵押,实际上是一种以贷款作为主要形式的扶贫方式。然而目前农村小额信用贷款依旧存在不少问题,发展受到阻碍,该文首先阐述了农村小额贷款的主要风险,并给出防范这些风险的主要对策。     

对农村小额信用贷款存在问题的思考

农户小额信用贷款解决了农户求贷难、金融机构放款难问题。但其模式由于存在贷款周期短、投向结构单一,贷款风险集中度较高,“扶富不扶贫”和贷款集中于大户等现象,导致农户贷款在联保贷款的推进上存有一定困难。应完善农户小额信用贷款机制,制定合作金融的最佳组织形式,降低农户放款的中介成本,以建立农户和农村小型企业融资担保基金,实现农村金融组织机构的多样化,从根本上缓解农户贷款难的问题。     

浙江省农村小额贷款情况的研究

开办农户小额信用贷款,是我国农村信贷管理体制的一项重大改革,是农村信用合作社为农民办实事的重要创举,它对于端正农村信用合作社经营方向,化解农民"贷款难"问题,以及支持"三农"均发挥了积极作用。文章从浙江省的农村小额贷款在发展过程中存在的问题入手,并围绕寻求解决这方面问题的措施和建议来展开,对浙江省的农村信贷体制进行分析研究。     

甘肃农村信用社农户小额信贷中存在的问题与对策

农户小额信贷作为一项重要的支农措施,小额农业信贷业务在农村信用社的开展,有效地解决了农民贷款难的问题。农村信用社开办农户小额信用贷款以来,虽然已经取得了比较好的效果,但还存在着一些问题。本文以甘肃农户小额信贷发展现状为例,对小额信贷中存在的问题进行阐述,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

农村信用社改制进程中农户相关行为分析与评价——基于陕西省214家农户的调查与思考

本文结合农户理性与非理性行为理论,在调研214家农户的基础上,通过对农村信用社改制进程中农户的存款行为、贷款行为、入股行为和参与行为的分析,认为农户行为是一种有限的理性行为。因此,可以通过明确我国农村金融宏观政策目标、完善我国农村金融制度安排和进一步深化农村信用社改革等措施来促进农户行为的逐步理性化,实现农户个体行为效用最大化和宏观经济资源的合理配置。     

新农村建设中农民主体地位问题的法律探微

在社会主义新农村建设实践中,农民主体地位问题,主要体现在农民主体意识淡漠,农民主体地位被虚化,农民实体法律权利残缺不全,救济农民实体权利的程序权利难以保障等方面。历史惯性、观念使然、立法失范、政治的操纵、农民自身素质的束缚、地方经济的制约,是导致上述问题产生的原因。切实有效地推进新农村建设,必须以保障农民主体地位为价值定位,从改变观念、完善立法、修正制度、落实政策、尊重农民和提高农民素质、坚持村民自治和强化司法保护等方面入手,保障农民成为新农村建设的真正主体。     

The latent demand for bank debt: characterizing “discouraged borrowers”

Concerns that small firms encounter credit constraints are well entrenched in the literature, despite widespread empirical evidence that a relatively small proportion of small firms have their loan applications rejected. However, many firms may be discouraged from applying for fear of rejection. These businesses are the focus of this paper. Based on responses to a large-scale postal survey of UK small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we find that twice as many businesses were discouraged from applying for a bank loan than had their loan request denied. More particularly, we observe a number of distinguishing characteristics of “discouraged borrowers” (relative to applicants). These include: strategy, sector, prior entrepreneurial experience and banking relationships. The implications of our findings for policy and future research are briefly discussed.     

转型期货币渠道与信贷渠道有效性的实证研究

本文运用基于VAR模型的时间序列分析方法对我国转型期货币渠道与信贷渠道的有效性进行了实证研究。脉冲响应函数分析表明产出和通货膨胀对贷款冲击的响应比其对货币供给冲击的响应更为显著,预测方差的分解结果证实贷款对产出和通货膨胀的贡献率均远远大于货币供给量的贡献率,故转型期内信贷渠道相对于货币渠道更为有效。因此,为增强货币政策的有效性,中央银行应同时监控货币和信贷指标,货币政策操作也要以有效调节私人部门的信贷可得量为基础。     

SBA default rates : Selection bias and credit deterioration

This study estimates the effects of changes in the money and capital markets on small business loan failure rates. It develops a lagged model of the relationship between term structure and risk premium variables and the loan failure rates of the Small Business Administration (SBA). Bank credit availability to small firms is shown to be the key factor in relating changes in economic conditions to changes in the SBA loan failure rates. As bank credit availability changes over an economic cycle, there is a movement of the least risky small firms into and out of the population from which the SBA grants and guarantees loans.     

Accounting information quality and trust as determinants of credit granting to SMEs: the role of external audit

This study analyses whether loan officers’ perception of the accounting information quality (AIQ) and the trustworthiness of SMEs are associated with a better willingness to grant them credit. Empirical evidence is obtained from a survey of 471 bank loan officers in Spain, who are asked to answer in relation to audited and not-audited firms. Using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the results obtained confirm that the loan officers’ willingness to facilitate SMEs’ access to credit is positively influenced by their general perception about the AIQ, but only if it is audited. In the case of not-audited firms, AIQ does not play a direct role in credit granting decision, but is relevant in trust formation. Besides, in the case of audited firms, only the “competence” dimension of trust is relevant, whereas in not-audited firms, both “competence” and “honesty” have an impact on credit granting. “Benevolence” does not have an influence in any case. The study has implications for SMEs, banks, policy makers and auditors.     

Loan Officer Turnover and Credit Availability for Small Firms

This paper presents empirical evidence on the role loan officers play in facilitating small firm access to commercial bank loans. If loan officers use soft information (for example, assessments of character, information from customers and suppliers) to make lending decisions that would not otherwise be made on the basis of hard information (for example, tax returns or financial statements), then, frequent turnover in loan officers should be associated with an adverse effect on credit availability. This relationship is confirmed empirically using survey data of U.S. small firms in 1995 and 2001, where loan officer turnover is positively related to the turndown rate on the most recent loan application. Although loan officer turnover could be influenced by the turndown rate (for example, an owner changes banks and gets a new loan officer as a result of a recent turndown), its negative effect on credit availability persists under several different tests.     

中小企业社会资本、信用水平与融资能

社会资本是一个近年来被引入经济学研究领域的概念,本文以中小企业社会资本为对象,运用结构方程模型分析社会资本、信用水平与融资能力之间的作用机制并得出研究结论。     

The use of small instant loans among young adults – a gateway to a consumer insolvency?

The aim of this paper is to study 18‐ to 29‐year‐old Finnish consumers' use of instant small loans (i.e. SMS loan) and other consumer credit services that have increased notably in the past few years. We examine what kind of expenditures instant credit is used for and focus also on young consumers' financial situation and their perceptions of themselves as money handlers. The research method is quantitative, and data are derived from an open online survey (n = 1610). Our results reveal that consumer credit is used by young people in all income brackets and employment positions. However, there is a clear connection between certain life‐course stages (young, single parent), financial positions (low income), employment situations (marginal) and the propensity to take instant loans and consumer credit. The young people who take an instant loan once are likely to do it again. Typical purposes of use included buying alcohol, cigarettes and partying. For some consumers, the use of small loans is part of controlled and economical use of money. However, particularly in the low‐income brackets, it is also common to buy food and to repay credit or interest. Young people, who use instant loans recognize flaws in their money management and see themselves as ‘wasteful’ consumers more often than those who do not use instant loans. On the basis of this empirical study, it is unquestioned that young people's consumer education needs to be strengthened. In Finland, this need has already been recognized in both consumer policy and teacher education.     

Small business loan securitization and interstate risk sharing

Do credit risk transfers in general, and loan sales and securitizations in particular, by financial institutions enhance credit availability and financial stability? Or do they allow assets of poor credit quality to spread to unprotected investors, and thus create financial crises and destroy values? In this paper, we contribute to the continuing debate by examining the effect of small business loan securitizations on interstate personal income insurance. Using data of U.S. banks for the period 1995–2008, we find that small business loans securitizations contribute to the smoothening of state personal income volatility, and that this contribution is stronger in states where small businesses play a more important role in the local economy.