Commitment to Company and Union: Evidence from Hong Kong

This article examines the pattern and antecedents of employee commitment to company and union in the Hong Kong context. Findings are consistent with those from the United States. In general, company and union commitment have different antecedents, although the perceived industrial relations climate is a common predictor. Dual commitment is in evidence. Union membership is a function of union commitment. The findings caution against attempts to explain the pattern of Hong Kong industrial relations purely in terms of culture.     

Union Presence and Corporate Productivity Practices: Evidence from Singapore

This paper explores the influences that unionisation may have on managerial processes to improve productivity. Unionisation is cast as a contextual variable, along with sector, size and culture. A recently established Singapore data base of employees' perceptions of corporate productivity practices is used to detect such possible influences. Regression analysis, with productivity practice as a dependent variable, suggests that unionisation explains some of the variations in such practices.     

我国能效电厂建设试点分析

介绍了能效电厂的概念,对广东、江苏等省份开展能效电厂试点建设的现状、组织管理体系、融资模式、激励政策以及实施效果等进行了分析,深入剖析了我国能效电厂试点过程中存在的主要问题,最后从政府和电网企业2个层面提出了促进我国能效电厂建设的有关建议。     

Have Unions Turned the Corner? New Evidence on Recent Trends in Union Recognition in UK Firms

This paper reports results from a recent survey conducted on unionization in over 650 firms in the private sector in the UK. The survey shows that since 1997 there has been a slight fall in derecognition, but a relatively large increase in union recognition. This increase in new recognition agreements is consistent with the idea that the incoming Labour government had a positive effect on the ability of unions to gain recognition, either through the 1999 legislation or more indirectly through changing the political climate.     

Efficiency and Firm Ownership: Some New Evidence

The paper investigates the effect of state ownership on efficiency of firmsusing an econometric model that allows for the separation of technical from allocative efficiency in adynamic setting. The estimation results, based on a sample of international airlines, suggest that state ownershipis associated with lower technical and allocative efficiency. State ownership's effect on technical efficiencyis mainly a dynamic one – lowering the rate of cost decline, whereas its effect on allocativeefficiency is static – raising the level of costs. Thus lower technical, rather than allocative, efficiency isthe main reason for state-owned firms to be less efficient than their private counterparts.     

Determinants of Union Recognition and Employee Involvement: Evidence from London Docklands

This article examines the determinants of union recognition and of employee involvement structures in London Dockland's workplaces, by means of multivariate analysis. The authors found that the respective dependent variables are significantly associated both with each other and with certain enterprise and establishment-level characteristics. Significant independent variables include workplace size, ownership status, the presence of a personnel manager and the incidence of skill shortages.     

基于DEA方法的建筑业效率评价实证研究

为了对中国建筑业的生产效率进行客观评价,并分析建筑业近年来的发展趋势,文章利用数据包络分析方法计算中国建筑业1996~2008年间的总效率、技术效率和规模效率,结果表明中国建筑业的效率进步目前主要依赖于规模效率的提高,而技术效率提高较为有限,揭示了建筑业发展的关键在于新技术的应用与推广。文章在投入产出指标的选择上提出分组筛选法和主成分分析法两种方法,对过去的评价方法进行了改进,并将两种方法得到的不同结果进行对比分析,提高了评价精度。     

Profit Sharing and Productivity: Further Evidence from the Chemicals Industry

Profit sharing potentially augments productivity by affecting motivational variables that promote group norms favoring effort. A factor augmentation model of production is developed to measure the impact of profit sharing on productivity using a test industry in U.S. manufacturing. The model is applied using alternative exogenous and endogenous specifications for the profit-sharing incentive variable. The results are consistent with those obtained in other recent studies and suggest that profit sharing results in improvements in productivity.     

Determinants of Contract Duration: Further Evidence from Coal-Fired Power Plants

Transactions cost theory predicts that the availability of alternatives is one of the determinants of contract duration. Over the last 20 years, the coal market has seen many regulatory changes that have generally increased the number of alternatives in the process of procuring coal. In this paper data from long-term coal contracts for electricity generation signed before 1999 are used to estimate the effect of increasing alternatives on contract duration. Empirical results tend to match transactions cost theory that increased alternatives reduces contract duration. Part of this work was done while Dr. Lange was at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect that of the U.S. EPA.     

The Impact of Union Wage Concessions on Union Premiums

Previous research showing that union wage premiums actually rose from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s suggests that concession bargaining was more media hype than the result of a fundamental change in collective bargaining. Our study found that nonrandom attrition of workers from the union sector does lead to an upward bias in the measured growth of union premiums, but concession bargaining was not a sufficiently widespread occurrence to reduce the size of union premiums during the sample period.     

Learning by Doing and Spillovers: Further Evidence for the Semiconductor Industry

Learning spillovers in the production of EPROMs areinvestigated. It turns out that spillovers aresignificant, even though internal learning is thepredominant source of learning. Concerning externallearning, it does not appear to particularly matterwhether this comes from domestic rivals or foreigncompanies. There is some indication that Japanesecompanies have a steeper learning curve and with somegenerations are better able to appropriate externallearning from foreigners. Intergenerational learningis pervasive, which seems to provide competitiveadvantages to first movers. It could explain thepersistence of leadership of Intel in this industryacross a series of generations. Moreover, it coulddeliver scope for policy intervention.     

The Effects of Megamergers on Efficiency and Prices: Evidence from a Bank Profit Function

This paper examines the efficiency and price effects of mergers by applying a frontier profit function to data on bank megamergers. We find that merged banks experience a statistically significant 16 percentage point average increase in profit efficiency rank relative to other large banks. Most of the improvement is from increasing revenues, including a shift in outputs from securities to loans, a higher-valued product. Improvements were greatest for the banks with the lowest efficiencies prior to merging, who therefore had the greatest capacity for improvement. By comparison, the effects on profits from merger-related changes in prices were found to be very small.     

论如何深化改革施工企业的分配制度

一、对现行分配制度所存弊端的分析1 在买方市场条件下 ,不能充分体现按经济效益分配的原则。现行的岗位技能工资制偏重以劳动条件和劳动量来决定劳动报酬。这种情况在卖方市场条件下是可行的 ,因为增加产量就意味着增加效益。但目前建筑市场是买方市场 ,劳动量增加并不等于效益好。因此 ,企业工资总额要与效益挂钩 ,职工个人收入要与本人创造的效益或完成的产品成本挂钩 ,其中管理人员要与影响效益的责任挂钩。2 工资与市场价格背离。工资应该是市场劳动力价格的具体体现。岗位技能工资制中的技能工资是建国以来各时期工资政策累计调整的…     

Trade Union Decline and Union Wage Effects in Australia

Union density in Australia fell precipitously in the 1990s. This study investigates how union wage effects may have changed as a result. The findings from 1993 data suggest that union/nonunion wage differentials were very small, especially among workers in high-density industries. By 2001 the overall union wage effect had increased significantly; however, the union/nonunion wage differential was no longer correlated with union density at the industry level.     

Group Profit,Market Share and Efficiency: Evidence from Australian Manufacturing

This paper explains the intra-industry variations of profit in Australian manufacturing. Considering three groups of firms, viz leading, secondary and follower groups, a profit model is developed for each group. Indicators of ``strategic behavior' and ``efficiency' are considered along with other control variables. Both equilibrium and dynamic versions of the model are tested using unpublished data at the enterprise level between 1977/78 and 1992/93. The findings support the importance of both strategic behavior and efficiency in determining group profits.     

海拉瓦技术及其在电网建设全过程的深化应用

智能电网的建设任务繁重而复杂,电网需要高水平的科技支撑。海拉瓦技术在基建全过程中的深化应用,是以基建标准化管理体系建设为基础,通过构建统一的信息化基础平台,推进基建业务信息化、标准化、流程化建设,从而提高电网建设水平,提高基建标准化、集约化、精益化管理水平,提升基建工程建设的整体协调管理能力。     

Influences on Trade Union Organizing Effectiveness in Britain

Do British trade unions vary in their effectiveness in maintaining organization and membership in workplaces where they have an established bargaining presence? Do highly developed national union recruitment strategies and innovation in recruitment strategy boost consolidatory organizing and recruitment effectiveness (CORE)? Results suggest that (1) there is some variation in internal organising effectiveness between unions, and (2) national union innovation in recruitment policy is positively associated with internal organizing effectiveness where unions organize blue‐collar workers, but negatively associated with internal organizing effectiveness where unions organize white‐collar workers.