中国证券市场羊群行为实证研究

引言 羊群行为(Herd Bchavior)是指投资者在交易过程中观察并模仿他人的交易行为,从而导致某段时期内买卖相似的股票.20世纪90年代以来,随着金融学术界将研究重点转移到非基础经济因素对股价的影响上,投资者行为、特别是羊群行为对股价的影响得到了广泛关注和研究.     

An Empirical Investigation of U.S. Firms in Reorganization

The purpose of this paper is to understand the institutional features of Chapter 11 from an empirical examination of thirty firms that have emerged from reorganization. We find the recontracting framework of Chapter 11 to be complex, lengthy, and costly. Violations of absolute priority in favor of stockholders are frequently encountered. These deviations may result from the bargaining process of Chapter 11 or from a recontracting process between creditors and stockholders which recognizes the ability of stockholder-oriented management to preserve firm value. An example of such recontracting addresses Myers' underinvestment problem. An investigation of the effects of Chapter 11 on the pricing of risky debt is also provided.     

Manipulation in U.S. REIT Investment Performance Evaluation: Empirical Evidence

We investigate whether Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) managers actively manipulate performance measures in spite of the strict regulation under the REIT regime. We provide empirical evidence that is consistent with this hypothesis. Specifically, manipulation strategies may rely on the opportunistic use of leverage. However, manipulation does not appear to be uniform across REIT sectors and seems to become more common as the level of competition in the underlying property sector increases. We employ a set of commonly used traditional performance measures and a recently developed manipulation-proof measure (MPPM, Goetzmann et al., Rev Finan Stud 20(5):1503–1546, 2007) to evaluate the performance of 147 REITs from seven different property sectors over the period 1991–2009. Our findings suggest that the existing REIT regulation may fail to mitigate a substantial agency conflict and that investors can benefit from evaluating return information carefully in order to avoid potentially manipulative funds.     

中国A股市场羊群行为的实证分析

以2010年至2018年A股市场数据为样本,实证检验了中国A股市场的羊群行为。研究发现:第一,沪深两市没有检测到显著的羊群行为,从公司规模和性质来看,上证超大盘市场和上证央企市场存在羊群行为,小规模和民企市场不存在羊群行为;第二,市场暴涨暴跌期间容易产生羊群行为,且上涨行情和下跌行情的羊群行为不对称,下跌时更容易产生羊群行为;第三,B股市场涨跌对A股市场投资者的羊群行为具有一定抑制作用。基于此,提出如下建议:一方面,对个人投资者而言,应当时刻保持风险意识,加强对投资理财知识的学习,避免盲目跟风,追涨杀跌;另一方面,对政府监管部门而言,积极开展投资教育活动,培养投资者理性投资的良好习惯,同时加强市场监管,完善市场交易制度,防止出现市场暴涨暴跌行情。     

中国A股市场羊群行为的实证分析

以2010年至2018年A股市场数据为样本,实证检验了中国A股市场的羊群行为。研究发现:第一,沪深两市没有检测到显著的羊群行为,从公司规模和性质来看,上证超大盘市场和上证央企市场存在羊群行为,小规模和民企市场不存在羊群行为;第二,市场暴涨暴跌期间容易产生羊群行为,且上涨行情和下跌行情的羊群行为不对称,下跌时更容易产生羊群行为;第三,B股市场涨跌对A股市场投资者的羊群行为具有一定抑制作用。基于此,提出如下建议:一方面,对个人投资者而言,应当时刻保持风险意识,加强对投资理财知识的学习,避免盲目跟风,追涨杀跌;另一方面,对政府监管部门而言,积极开展投资教育活动,培养投资者理性投资的良好习惯,同时加强市场监管,完善市场交易制度,防止出现市场暴涨暴跌行情。     

Pricing U.S. Dollar Index Futures Options: An Empirical Investigation

This paper develops a pricing model and empirically tests the pricing efficiency of options on the U.S. Dollar Index (USDX) futures contract. Empirical tests of the model indicate that the market consistently overprices these options relative to the derived model. This overpricing is more pronounced for out‐of‐the‐money options than for in‐the‐money options and more pronounced for put options than for call options. To validate the above results, delta neutral portfolios are created for one‐ and two‐day holding periods and consistently generate positive arbitrage profits, indicating that on average the market overprices the options on the USDX futures contracts.     

Going Public: An Empirical Investigation of U.S. Bound Israeli IPOs

Between 1985–2003, more than 120 Israeli companies went public in the U.S., bringing the accumulated number of U.S. bound, Israeli initial public offerings (IPOs) to a figure greater than all other foreign countries combined. In this study, we compare the short and long run performance of Israeli IPOs to that of similar international and U.S. IPOs. Holding all else equal, we find that Israeli IPOs are significantly less underpriced than their local and foreign counterparts. As we examine the characteristics of Israeli issuers, we find that they differ than those of other foreign and local issuers in some important dimensions that compensate investors for information asymmetry and risk. First, compared to their home market capitalization size, U.S. bound Israeli IPOs, are significantly larger than the IPOs conducted by their foreign counterparts. Second, Israeli issuers tend to perform better than other foreign and U.S. local IPOs during our entire period of observation. Third, to a large extent, the Israeli firms in our sample have products, licensing or franchising relationships or venture capital funds with strong roots in the U.S. prior to the IPO. And fourth, the relevant investor community of Israeli IPOs, at least at the early stages, is small and overwhelmingly American. Our findings are consistent with prior studies documenting that firms raising capital outside of their domicile country are typically a select group of high quality firms in need of external financing that cannot be sufficiently provided in their home market.     

我国证券投资基金羊群行为的实证研究

论文通过LSV及其修正模型,运用2003年第一季度到2009年第四季度我国开放式证券投资基金的季度投资组合数据,对我国证券投资基金羊群行为进行了实证分析,发现我国存在较明显的羊群行为,基金卖出羊群一般明显大于买入羊群,且羊群行为在第2季度最明显。     

Information Asymmetries and Security Market Design: An Empirical Study of the Secondary Market for U.S. Government Securities

This paper examines the empirical implications of an information asymmetry between primary and secondary dealers in the U.S. Government Securities market. This asymmetry arises because primary dealers are permitted to trade through all brokers operating in the marketplace while secondary dealers are restricted to trade through only a subset of brokers. Brokers distribute valuable information over video screens to their trading clients including dealers' up-to-date bid-ask spreads and recent transaction prices. As such, all brokers' video screen information is available to primary dealers, while only a subset of brokers' information is available to secondary dealers. Empirical analyses detect the resulting information asymmetry.     

The Investment Performance of U.S. Equity Pension Fund Managers: An Empirical Investigation

This paper presents an empirical examination of the selectivity and market timing performance of a sample of U.S. equity pension fund managers. Regardless of the choice of benchmark portfolio or estimation model, the average selectivity measure is positive and the average timing measure is negative. However both selectivity and timing appear to be somewhat sensitive to the choice of a benchmark when managers are classified by investment style. Meta-analysis revealed some real variation around the mean values for each measure. The 80 percent probability intervals for selectivity revealed that the best managers produced substantial risk-adjusted excess returns. We also found a negative correlation between selectivity and timing, but we argue that the observed negative correlation in our data is largely an artifact of negatively correlated sampling errors for the two estimates.     

An Empirical Study of the Consequences of U.S. Tax Rules for International Acquisitions by U.S. Firms

This article examines the effect of tax factors on the equity values of U.S. multinational corporations making foreign acquisitions. Abnormal stock returns are found to be related to a tax variable that captures differences in the international tax status of acquiring firms but not related to a naive tax variable that captures differences between tax rates in target countries and the United States. Our evidence suggests that aggregate intercountry differentials in after-tax returns are competed away, while firm-specific, tax-related advantages (or disadvantages) are reflected in abnormal returns around the announcement date of the acquisition.     

美国银行业账户管理费实证研究

本文分析美国不同规模银行账户管理费的定价差异和规律,在基于统计数据的基础上发现:对于支票账户,大银行、小银行支票账户余额要求与账户管理费水平之间呈正相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、高余额、高账户管理费"的定价策略,而小银行采取的是"高起点、低余额、低账户管理费"的定价策略;对于储蓄账户,大银行储蓄账户开户起点与账户管理费、资产规模之间呈正相关关系,而小银行呈负相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、低利率、高余额、低账户管理费"定价策略,小银行采取的是"高起点、高利率、低余额、高账户管理费"定价策略.美国银行业账户管理费的做法对我国银行业的经营实践具有一定的借鉴意义.     

活跃的美国社区金融

社区金融活动在美国的经济金融运行中占据了相当重要的地位,这些以社区银行为代表的区域性的金融机构在大状银行的市场竞争压力下获得了活跃的发展空间.     

美国经济衰退的国际相关性实证研究

本文采用事件窗口分析方法,研究美国近7次经济衰退与主要发达国家、亚洲四小龙的关系。发现美国经济衰退的国际相关性是动态变化的,其中1973年、1980年和2001年是国际相关性最高的3次衰退;新一轮经济周期当中东亚四小龙金融变量与美国高度相关,超过了实体经济变量与美国的相关性。此外,本文还分析了美国与其他国家或地区经济衰退的领先、滞后关系。     

行业配置的羊群现象——中国开放式基金的实证研究

本文利用2002年至2009年中国市场股票型和混合型开放式基金半年度的完整持仓数据,研究了基金行业配置的相关性。研究发现,相邻两期基金行业需求之间的平均相关系数为32%,说明基金的投资行为在行业层面存在羊群现象;该现象不完全是基金个股的羊群现象在行业层面的表现,也不是全部由基于规模一账面市值比的风格投资行为所驱动。进一步的研究发现,该现象的相关实证特征与相关信号理论的预期相一致。     

Institutional Herding in the ADR Market

This study examines institutional herding in the ADR market between 1985 and 1998. We find a significant positive relation between changes in institutional ownership and ADR returns over the same period. The positive relation persists after we control for the momentum effect in the US stock markets. We also find that in the ADR market, past winners (losers) in the herding period continue to be the winners (losers) in the post-herding period. The lack of a returns reversal suggests institutional herding is related to momentum trading. However, the positive relation between institutional ownership changes and ADR returns remains after controlling for momentum trading in the ADR market. Our results also rule out that positive feedback trading is related to institutional herding in the ADR market.     

An Empirical Investigation of the Market for Comex Gold Futures Options

Option-pricing models that assume a constant interest rate may misprice futures options if the interest rate fluctuates significantly or if the price of the underlying asset is correlated with the interest rate. The futures option-pricing model of Ramaswamy and Sundaresan allows for a stochastic interest rate and correlation of the underlying asset's price with the interest rate. Using a data set of daily closing prices for Comex gold futures options, this paper tests the Ramaswamy and Sundaresan model against a constant interest rate model. Results indicate that the stochastic interest rate model is a superior predictor of market prices.     

Market Value of REIT Liquidity

We examine the relation between firm value and liquidity among REITs. Results show shareholders benefit from both cash and unused credit line capacity. The market values an additional dollar of cash at a premium and, as theory predicts, unused credit lines are significantly less valued than cash. Evidence suggests an increase in the market value of liquidity during the recent financial crisis. We also find that financial characteristics quantifying financial constraint influence the value of REIT financial flexibility. Most notably, the value of cash decreases with remaining credit line capacity. Although prior studies argue that cash and credit lines are substitutes, this is one of the first tests of whether the market prices this substitutability.     

The Continuing Overreaction in the REIT Market

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics - We find that REITs, which are most held by institutional investors and are characterized as being passive investment instruments, exhibit price...     

风险与外商直接投资简

外商直接投资已经被视作企业在全球扩张中的一种典型方式。通过吸收国外资金,技术或者管理经验,外商直接投资已经成为所在国家经济发展的潜在催化剂。与此同时,外国公司和他们的公司所属国也将会从外商直接投资中获得更大的利益,更低的成本等等。所以,这就不难看出外商直接投资已经日益成为一种对两国经济发展双赢的投资方式。然而,在对外投资的过程中,外国企业以及公司所属国家不得不面对一些问题,那就是如何将风险最小化。事实上,在这个过程中,风险是多种多样的,例如,政治风险,经济风险,汇率风险以及法律风险,所有的这些都将会影响外商直接投资的方向因为它将会导致企业的盈利能力下降。通过基于于1984年至2007年间,美国企业对全球43个发展中国家投资的固定样本数据作为参考,本文的实证结果能够统计地证实风险与外商直接投资流存在反向关系。