环境规制对产业国际竞争力影响的国内外研究综述

近年来,环境规制对产业国际竞争力的影响已经成为国际经济学、国际贸易学、资源与环境政策等多项研究中的热点问题。国内外学者针对这个问题,从不同角度运用各种模型,进行了较为全面的理论探讨和实证研究。本文在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,从传统学派、修正学派和综合学派三个流派及理论和实证两个角度,归纳了国内外学者的主要观点与研究方法,并最后做出了相应的述评,以期为下一步的研究提供借鉴,并为政府通过调整环境规制来持续提升产业国际竞争力提供一定的参考。     

环境规制对产业国际竞争力影响的研究综述

近年来,环境规制对产业国际竞争力的影响成为国际经济学和环境管理与能源政策中的热点问题之一.研究者从不同角度出发,建立各种数学模型,通过理论和实证分析,对环境规制对产业国际竞争力的影响进行研究.为政府的环境规制提供借鉴和建议,以求政府制定的环境规制政策既能解决环境问题,又能最小化对产业国际竞争力的负面影响.本文在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,归纳了环境规制对产业国际竞争力影响的主要观点以及国内外学者关于环境规制对产业国际竞争力影响的理论分析和实证分析,希望能够推动国内的相关研究,促进我国的可持续发展.     

国内外产业集群理论研究综述

产业集群作为推动区域经济增长的重要方式,已得到国内外学者和研究人员的广泛重视,在理论研究和实证研究上都取得很大的进展,并且研究的视角不断得到扩展.文章回顾了国内外关于产业集群理论的发展历程,介绍了主要观点,并作了简要分析.     

农业产业集群动力机制研究：一个文献综述

相对于大量的工商业产业集群动力机制的研究文献,国内外对农业产业集群动力机制的研究才刚刚起步。在对农业产业集群动力机制的内涵进行归纳的基础上,分别从农业产业集群动力机制的相关理论基础、研究方法、农业产业集群动力机制与政府功能定位等方面对国内外现有文献进行了梳理和评述,并在此基础上指出了未来农业产业集群动力机制的研究方向。     

产业集群知识活动与管理研究述评

本文对国内外学者在产业集群知识活动与管理研究方面所取得的主要进展进行了综述和评论；阐述了开展产业集群知识系统工程研究的重要意义，从而得出产业集群知识活动与管理研究的一个可能的新方向是集群知识系统工程的理论与实践问题。     

技术创新与产业成长研究评述

从古典经济学到现代经济学都将产业成长问题作为研究的重点。国内外学者对产业成长的研究主要是从分工、贸易、创新等角度,多集中于产业成长的机制和模式的研究,缺乏对技术创新与产业成长之间作用关系的匹配性、协调性的测度与分析。     

产业集群理论研究综述

对产业集群的研究始于19世纪,本文按时间顺序简述了国内外产业集群理论的演化过程,将国外对于产业集群理论的研究分为形成与发展两个阶段论述,同时指出我国的产业集群理论研究与国外存在着差距,这对我国产业集群理论的发展提出了新的挑战。     

高科技产业集群演进理论综述

在产业集群研究领域中,产业集群演进机制的研究一直是学术界关注的重点.本文从研究视角和研究对象两个方面对国内外学者在产业集群演进方面的理论成果进行综述的基础上,提出了在高科技产业集群演进领域有待进一步研究的几个方面,即以企业异质性为假设前提的高科技产业集群演进机制的微观视角研究.     

产业集群理论研究综述

对产业集群的研究始于19世纪,本文按时间顺序简述了国内外产业集群理论的演化过程,将国外对于产业集群理论的研究分为形成与发展两个阶段论述,同时指出我国的产业集群理论研究与国外存在着差距,这对我国产业集群理论的发展提出了新的挑战。     

从理论角度研究开发区的发展

本文按照国外与国内两条线索来追述对于开发区及相关研究的发展历程。其中国际上对开发区的研究基本可以分为地理学、经济学与社会学三个视角,并且是从社会学向地理学、经济学延伸的。同时国际上对于开发区的研究主要在于探讨新的产业空间生产、产业集群的动力与规律。而国内的研究基本停留在经验归纳与总结的层次上,而没有深入探讨其中决定开发区建立与发展的关键因素。     

产业集群与民族地区经济发展关系的研究——以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州为例

近年来,产业集群的理论和实践研究是经济学界的热点。产业集群能促进区域经济的发展,区域经济的发展也会为产业集群的发展和升级营造良好的环境。我国民族地区大多属于欠发达地区,相比于我国其他内陆地区来说,经济发展较为缓慢,民族地区的经济发展也越来越受到学术界的重视。本文探讨了产业集群与民族地区经济发展的关系,并通过对恩施土家族苗族自治州的实证研究,认为产业经济带动少数民族区域经济发展作用明显,选择主导产业,培育特色产业集群是民族地区发展经济的首选途径。     

循环经济与产业集群关系的理论与实证分析简

工业园区实现资源的有效可持续和高度集约利用是解决工业化与生态环境保护之间矛盾的有效途径.采用数量化的实证研究,建立产业集群与循环经济的特征指标,进一步验证产业集群与循环经济之间的均衡互动关系.工业园区应以现有的产业集群为基础,通过市场竞争、集聚资源和延伸产业链等措施切实推进循环经济发展.     

Buyer-Seller Relationships and the Economics of Information

Section I In this paper, a theoretical framework is developed for the analysis of industrial buyer-seller relationships, using the concepts of search, experience and credence qualities, as known from Economics of Information theory. For this purpose, a dynamic perspective on this configuration is offered. By assuming a shift from experience qualities to search qualities in successive transactions, the evolution of the industrial buyer-seller relationship is explained. Section II The analysis indicates that Economics of Information theory may be a useful approach to analyzing industrial buyer-seller relationships. It allows an economic perspective on the phenomenon, while being measurable. The relationship-building can be explained and the changing dynamics of relationships over time can be described.     

Challenging the ‘Million Zeros’: The Importance of Imagination for Business Ethics Education

A recent preoccupation in scholarly research is the capacity of firms in developing country industrial clusters to comply with international corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and codes of conducts. This research is at an early stage and draws on several—often quite distinct—scholarly traditions. In this paper, we argue that future work in this area would benefit from a more explicit examination of the connection between cluster firms and human rights defined according to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent covenants and treaties. We argue that cluster firms’ adoption of CSR policies, often indiscriminately imposed by global buyers, should be differentiated from firms’ actual human rights practices. Based on this distinction, we elaborate a typology of industrial clusters (low-road, window-dressing, rights-oriented) and identify a set of factors likely to influence their practice. Against this background, we discuss an agenda for future research and elaborate on the potential methodological intricacies related to research on the interface between industrial clusters and human rights.     

Entrepreneurship: The Role of Clusters Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence from Germany

This paper is about the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of new organisations and clusters as a geographically proximate group of interconnected firms and associated institutions in related industries, this paper aims to answer three research questions : first, do clusters matter to entrepreneurship at the regional level? Second, if clusters are associated with different levels of entrepreneurship, what explains those differences? Third, what do the answers to the previous questions imply for academics and policy makers? To answer these questions, this paper distinguishes between clusters and industrial agglomerations and advances a theoretical model and empirical research to explain the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. This paper uses the 97 German planning regions as units of analysis to test the hypotheses. Using hypotheses testing and OLS fixed-effects model, this paper finds that clusters do have an impact on entrepreneurship at the regional level, but industrial agglomerations do not. Implications for academics and policy makers and suggestions for future research are given in the concluding section.     

基于社会资本的产业集群交易治理研究——交易域、交易频率及交易对象视角的分析

文章研究了社会资本对于产业集群内部企业间交易的治理机制,从交易域、交易频率、交易对象这三个维度,对匿名市场现货交易进行扩展,建立了基于社会资本的交易治理模型,分析了产业集群内企业进行交易时的主要特点：交易嵌入社会网络、交易频率高、主要与集群内部交易对象进行交易。依据这三个特点,将上述模型进行综合,得出适用于产业集群内部企业间交易的社会资本治理机制模型,并分析了该模型的适用条件。研究结果显示由于社会资本的存在,使得产业集群内部交易得到了有效治理,这种有效治理的水平受到产业集群规模和信息畅通水平的约束,当产业集群规模不大、存在通畅的信息沟通渠道、交易者存在实施集体惩罚的动力时,社会资本能够成为产业集群内部企业间交易的有效治理机制,但是这种机制并不适用于集群内部企业与外部企业间的交易治理。     

产业集群升级的内生动力及其作用机制研究

产业集群升级的研究正逐步从通过外部拉动转向从集群内部挖掘升级潜力。但目前对内部升级途径的研究往往从某个角度出发,分析影响升级的几个因素,缺乏对集群内各动力要素及其作用机制完整的阐述和论证。在此背景下,文章首先研究了产业集群升级的四个内在动力要素及要素之间相互作用构成的知识网络;接着分析了集群动力要素间互动以促进集群升级的知识更新机制;进而构建了知识网络中四个动力要素在知识更新中发挥作用的“四力”模型及作用机制;最后,以浙江余姚灯具产业集群为例对模型作了应用分析。研究表明,核心企业、大学和科研院所、生产型服务机构及政府机构等集群知识网络要素的作用发挥及其匹配是集群顺利升级的关键。     

跨国公司进入与中国产业组织结构之动态相互作用

国内产业组织结构是跨国公司、中国政府和企业三者之间的长期相互作用的初始条件,也是其相互作用的结果。本文采用"新产业经济学"的理论范式,并引用多个产业跨国公司进入的实例进行分析,从而表明中国的市场集中度将向着国际化产业集中度的方向收敛,并以市场集中度提高为主;跨国公司之间,以及跨国公司与本土企业之间竞争的气氛将更加浓厚;产业效率将得到提高,但国内产业可能受到压制。本国企业自身的发展以及国家竞争力的提高还需本国政府和企业的共同努力。     

广告产业的内涵及研究意义

广告从作为一种重要的营销手段发展成为一个相对独立的产业并没有引起广告学者和产业经济学家的足够重视。广告产业研究是广告产业实践提出的新要求,是广告学和产业经济学研究的具体化和深化,拓宽了产业经济学的研究领域,完善了广告学科体系,对指导中国广告产业发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Corporations,Stakeholders and Sustainable Development I: A Theoretical Exploration of Business–Society Relations

Sustainable development (SD) – that is, “Development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations” – can be pursued in many different ways. Stakeholder relations management (SRM) is one such way, through which corporations are confronted with economic, social, and environmental stakeholder claims. This paper lays the groundwork for an empirical analysis of the question of how far SD can be achieved through SRM. It describes the so-called SD–SRM perspective as a distinctive research approach and shows how it relates to the wider body of stakeholder theory. Next, the concept of SD is operationalized for the microeconomic level with reference to important documents. Based on the ensuing SD framework, it is shown how SD and SRM relate to each other, and how the two concepts relate to other popular concepts such as Corporate Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. The paper concludes that the significance of societal guiding models such as SD and of management approaches like CSR is strongly dependent on their footing in society. Reinhard Steurer is a senior researcher and lecturer at the Research Institute for Managing Sustainability at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration. His research focuses on the changing roles of states, businesses and civil societies in the context of sustainable development. He is author and co-author of numerous articles, dealing with questions of how governments and businesses tackle the challenge of sustainable development, and what the two societal domains can learn from each other in doing so. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Salzburg/Austria, and a Masters in Public Policy from the University of Maryland/U.S.A. Markus E. Langer studied ecology and environmental economics at the University of Vienna and the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration as well as industrial environmental management at Yale University. He is currently working as Managing Director of FORUM Umweltbildung. Previously he was working since 1999 as a senior researcher and lecturer at the Research Institute for Managing Sustainability at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration. His research focused on the Evaluation of Sustainable Development as well as Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management. Astrid Konrad studied business administration at the University of Graz. She has been working at the Research Institute for Managing Sustainability at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration since 2002. Her research focus is on Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Management. André Martinuzzi studied business adminstration at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. He is working as a project manager at the Department of Environmental Economics and Management since 1993, as a lecturer at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Adminstration and leads the Managing Sustainability Research Centre since 1999. Since 2001 he worked as a scientific coordinator of Austria’s Sustainability Strategy. In 2003 he worked as a scientific editor of the Corporate Social Responsibility vision statement of the Austrian Industry and as a process consultant for the Austrian Forest Program. Research areas: Eco-Consulting, Corporate Sustainability, Evaluating Sustainable Development, Sustainability Strategies and Stakeholder Dialogues.