谁赢得了全运会:经济资源与奖牌数量

受Bernard&Russe(2004)的启发,基于第一至第十届全运会数据的分析,发现决定各省市奖牌数量的主要因素是经济总体规模和上一届全运会的表现。人口总数对奖牌数量有显著正的影响,但一般不超过3%;北方人口可能比南方人口在竞技体育上更具优势;东道主能带来超过5%的金牌份额和奖牌份额的增量;直辖市和城镇化水平有助于竞技体育水平的提升。改革开放后,影响竞技体育水平的因素更符合体育运动的规律。     

中国省区民营企业资本自由指数体系的构建

通过建立中国分省区民营企业资本自由指数指标体系评价各省区民营企业的资本自由相对水平。资本自由指数体系由21个基础指标构成,每个指标对各省份的评分表达各省在该领域资本自由化进程中的相对位置。各省区企业资本自由指数的得分和排序结果表明:排序靠前的浙江、广东、江苏和上海等地区有着很大的制度优势,也是经济发展水平、人均收入水平较高的地区;而排名靠后的新疆、贵州、青海、甘肃等地区不仅存在很大的制度劣势,也是经济发展滞后、人均收入水平较低的地区。各级政府可参照指数得分和排序,找出本地区资本自由与其他地区的差距,在此基础上确立新的发展战略,增进资本自由,促进全民福祉。     

农业劳动力转移、生产率提高与地区全员劳动生产率增长——基于改革开放以来31个省份的比较

全员劳动生产率增长可分解为劳动力在农业与非农业间配置的结构效应,以及农业等各行业劳动生产率提升的增长效应。文章利用指数分解方法,对1978—2019年31个省份(不含港澳台地区)农业和非农业两部门劳动力和生产率数据展开分析,尝试探究不同省份全员劳动生产率增长的动能所在。结果显示：第一,改革开放以来各省份农业增加值占GDP比重有不同程度下降,但部分省份农业相对于非农业的劳动生产率出现上升;第二,从结构效应看,改革开放以来各省份劳动力结构效应对全员劳动生产率提升的带动效应总体呈上升趋势,但受劳动力转移速度放缓等因素影响,多数省份结构效应增势正在减弱;第三,从增长效应看,“十三五”时期各省份全员劳动生产率背后的增长效应继续提高,东、中部增长效应总体更高,农业劳动生产率增长效应较高省份则集中在农业大省。从农业视角看,农业劳动力转移对全员劳动生产率提升仍有促进作用,但农业劳动生产率是中长期全员劳动生产率提高的关键所在。     

能源转型与工业经济增长动能转换

文章通过中国30个省份的面板数据，分析可再生能源生产对工业经济增长的长短期影响和人力资本等变量的作用。研究发现，总体上中国可再生能源与工业经济增长呈现明显的U型关系，各省份目前均处于U型曲线的左侧，可再生能源对工业经济仍处于抑制阶段，且可再生能源与工业经济之间表现出显著的区域和发展阶段的异质性。进一步通过调节效应研究发现，提高人均收入、技术创新、人力资本水平均有助于缓解可再生能源对工业经济增长的负面效应。最后，根据研究结论提出了相应的政策启示。     

实际控制人政治身份、制度环境变迁与借款契约——基于民营企业的实证研究

本文在考虑市场化进程时间变化以及空间区域进程差异的基础上,考察了民营企业实际控制人政治身份与银行贷款契约之间的关系。研究发现:政治关联促进债务契约签订的效应具有明显的时间区间差异。在正式制度安排较为缺失的年份区间,上述效应很明显;在正式制度逐步到位的年份区间,上述效应减弱甚至消失。上述效应具有明显的地域差异,在市场化程度最高的三个省份,政治关联对于债务规模的影响在2003～2010年期间没有表现出来,但在其余省份此种效应是存在的。上述效应体现出明显的时间和空间交叉差异,在市场化程度最高的三个省份,市场化进程较低和正式制度安排欠缺年份段,政治关联对于借款规模具有促进作用;在正式制度安排逐步完善的2009、2010年,此种效应消失;在市场化程度较低的其余省份,上述效应没有明显的时间差异。     

技术空间溢出对省域能源效率差异的影响

基于超DEA模型对全国29个省份能源效率进行测算,结果发现当期和前一期的能源效率空间正效应显著;技术进步不仅对本地区能源效率存在显著正向促进作用还对相邻地区的能源效率存在正向影响,加强地区间的节能技术研发合作、促进节能技术的区域推广和共享、引进外商直接投资可以缩小地区能源效率差异。另外,人均GDP与能源效率正相关;第二产业占比高以及煤炭消费占比大会降低地区的能源效率。     

中国城乡收入差距：扩大还是缩小？

基于产出的资本所得由城镇人口所有的假设和新古典经济增长理论的框架,构建中国城乡人均收入差距模型,分析表明：随着城市化率的提高,城乡人均收入差距倍数会逐渐缩小;经济中资本所得份额越大,城乡人均收入差距倍数就越大;农村劳动力向城镇流动将减少城乡人均收入差距。在社会主义市场经济框架下,随着劳动力全国范围内的自由流动,无论是理论模型及其推论还是实证检验结果都表明我国城乡收入差距并非扩大而是逐步缩小。     

企业规模、市场集中度与劳动收入份额

近年来,我国劳动收入份额总体呈下降趋势.从市场结构视角,借助中国制造业微观企业数据,系统考察了企业规模、行业市场集中度对企业劳动收入份额的影响.研究发现:首先,企业相对规模扩大会提升企业的成本加成率,进而降低其劳动收入份额;其次,市场集中度越高,企业的成本加成率越高,劳动收入份额越低;再次,通过比较中国大企业的应有规模和实际规模,发现差别化政策的存在致使部分大企业的实际规模大于其应有规模,出现资源误置的同时也造成了劳动收入份额的无谓损失;最后,基于Shapley方法分解的结果显示,企业相对规模与行业市场集中度是劳动收入份额变动的重要影响因素,其贡献度仅次于利润率和有偏技术进步因素,且明显大于其他因素.研究结论为理解市场结构产生的收入分配效应提供了理论证据,也将有助于为提高劳动收入份额提供政策启示.     

中国有效土地供给对商品房价格的影响——-基于省际面板数据的门槛模型分析

本文从有效土地供给角度验证了中国“土地限供”政策的正确性和有效性,并表达了对“扩供抑价论”的否定。省际面板数据的门槛模型估计结果表明：中国城市的土地有效供给所产生的商品房价格效应具有显著的“三门槛”效应,当商品房价格小于３９４５１１元／平方米时,有效土地供给对商品房价格不存在显著影响,当商品房价格跨越该门槛时,有效土地供给的价格效应变的显著为正,并且当商品房价格超过８２３０元／平方米时,价格效应会变的更大。２０１０年之前,有效土地供给价格效应不显著的省份个数多于显著省份个数,而２０１０年后大多数省份的有效土地供给价格效应变的显著,并且有５个省份已经跨越了第三个门槛值,土地供给的价格效应在这些地区表现的更加强烈。     

民生投入、门槛效应和经济增长——基于2001～2012年省际面板数据的实证分析

利用中国2001~2012年省际面板数据,从教育、医疗卫生和社会保障支出三个方面,分析了民生投入对经济增长贡献的门槛效应。研究结果表明,民生投入对经济增长贡献的门槛效应主要受经济发展水平影响。教育支出对经济增长贡献相对较大,社会保障支出对经济增长贡献其次,医疗卫生支出对经济增长贡献较小。社会保障支出对经济增长贡献的门槛效应,比教育支出和医疗支出来得"早一点"。实证结果表明中国尚不存在民生投入边际作用递减特征,故而需要进一步加大对民生投入;应着重加大对中西部省份的民生投入,促使其超过"门槛值";民生投入对经济增长贡献门槛效应发挥也受其他因素影响,只有民生投入和经济发展水平相协调才能发挥出更大的作用。     

仁义礼智信忠孝新论

仁、义、礼、智、信、忠、孝是儒家伦理学中的基本概念，也是中国古代化中的基本概念．本立足于这些概念的字学基础，通过逻辑思辩的方法，试图给它们以新的阐释。     

第一是位置，第二是位置，第三还是位置

工业园区、经济特区在一个国家经济稳步快速发展中发挥着不可忽视的作用，这样的例子比比皆是，越南也不例外。到目前为止，越南国内已经建有154家注册在案的工业园区，多集中在北、中、南重要经济区域内。虽然这些工业园区对越南经济发展贡献巨大，但是，其中许多家正式投入运营多年，园内仍空空如也，只有少数工业园区的使用面积比率和发展速度达到开发商预计的目标。     

跨国农业垄断公司对中国农业产业链的多维渗透及破解思路

近年来,以ABCD四大粮商和孟山都等为主要代表的跨国农业垄断公司加速从资本、技术和服务领域对中国农业产业链进行渗透。在资本方面,跨国农业垄断公司已在中国进行深耕,并开始进入更多细分市场;在技术方面,对核心技术的高效转化和集中掌握使其占据了农业产业链的制高点;在服务方面,对贸易、加工、仓储等服务环节的渗透使其获得了高额利润。中国农业企业是抵御跨国农业垄断公司渗透的根本,但目前中国农业企业的竞争力整体上低于跨国农业垄断公司,未能掌握核心技术、因投资回报率低而不愿深耕农业以及市场机制被扭曲是中国农业企业竞争力不足的主要原因。面对跨国农业垄断公司的多维渗透,中国应加强“监督审查”以构筑农业产业发展安全网,强化“创新引领”以打造农业企业核心竞争力,主动“扎根县域”以厚植农业企业的国内发展根基,积极“乘船出海”以拓展农业企业的全球发展空间,坚持“市场主导”以优化农业企业运营市场环境,进而谋求中国农业企业与跨国农业垄断公司的竞争均势。     

Alliance competence, resources, and alliance success: Conceptualization, measurement, and initial test

This research examines the effect of an alliance competence on resource-based alliance success. The fundamental thesis guiding this research is that an alliance competence contributes to alliance success, both directly and through the acquisition and creation of resources. Using survey data gathered from 145 alliances, empirical tests of the hypotheses provide support for the posited explanation of alliance success. The findings indicate that an alliance competence is not only antecedent to the resources that are necessary for alliance success but also to alliance success itself. C. Jay Lambe (Ph.D., The Darden School at University of Virginia) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech. For 10 years prior to entering academe, he was engaged in business-to-business marketing for both Xerox and AT&T. His research interests include business-to-business marketing, relationship marketing, marketing strategy, and sales management. He has publications in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Product Innovation Management, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, theInternational Journal of Management Reviews, theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing, and theJournal of Relationship Marketing. He also serves as a reviewer for theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing. Prior to joining the faculty at Virginia Tech, he was one of five Texas Tech University faculty members chosen in 1999 from the entire university for the annual Outstanding Faculty Member Award by the Mortar Board and Omicron Delta Kappa (Texas Tech University student organizations that recognize excellence in teaching). Robert E. Spekman is the Tayloe Murphy Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School at the University of Virginia. He was formerly a professor of marketing and associate director of the Center for Telecommunications at the University of Southern California. He is an internationally recognized authority on business-to-business marketing and strategic alliances. His consulting experiences range from marketing research and competitive analysis, to strategic market planning, supply chain management, channels of distribution design and implementation, and strategic partnering. He has taught in a number of executive programs in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Europe. His executive program experience ranges from general marketing strategy, to sales force management, to channels strategy, to creating strategic alliances, to business-to-business marketing strategy, to a number of single-company and senior executive management programs. He has edited and/or written seven books and has authored (coauthored) more than 80 articles and papers. He also serves as a reviewer for a number of marketing and management journals, as well as for the National Science Foundation. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Southern California, he taught in the College of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. During his tenure at Maryland, he was granted the Most Distinguished Faculty Award by the MBA students on three separate occasions. Shelby D. Hunt is the J. B. Hoskins and P. W. Horn Professor of Marketing at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. A past editor of theJournal of Marketing (1985–87), he is the author ofModern Marketing Theory: Critical Issues in the Philosophy of Marketing Science (South-Western, 1991) andA General Theory of Competition: Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth (Sage, 2000). He has written numerous articles on competitive theory, macromarketing, ethics, channels of distribution, philosophy of science, and marketing theory. Three of hisJournal of Marketing articles—“The Nature and Scope of Marketing” (1976), “General Theories and Fundamental Explananda of Marketing” (1983), and “The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition” (1995) (with Robert M. Morgan)—won the Harold H. Maynard Award for the best article on marketing theory. His 1985Journal of Business Research article with Lawrence B. Chonko, “Ethics and Marketing Management,” received the 2000 Elsevier Science Exceptional Quality and High Scholarly Impact award. His 1989 article, ”Reification and Realism in Marketing: in Defense of Reason,” won theJournal of Macromarketing Charles C. Slater Award. For his contributions to theory and science in marketing, he received the 1986 Paul D. Converse Award from the American Marketing Association, the 1987 Outstanding Marketing Educator Award from the Academy of Marketing Science, and the 1992 American Marketing Association/Richard D. Irwin Distinguished Marketing Educator Award.     

我国服务贸易发展中的问题、成因和对策研究

改革开放以来,我国对外服务贸易取得了快速增长。但由于服务贸易发展的基础不牢、服务产业结构不合理等原因,致使我国的服务贸易发展存在总体发展规模相对滞后、贸易商品集中于传统领域等问题。促进我国服务贸易又好又快发展,需要社会各界,特别是有关政府部门、相关企业及行业协会等各类主体相互配合、共同努力。     

理解凭单制:渊源、机制、模式及运用

凭单制作为政府改革工具,实质是在公共服务中引入市场机制的一种制度安排。它渊源于新自由主义经济学,从消费者角度通过强化其选择权而巧妙植入市场竞争机制。凭单制存在公平导向、效率导向及公平与效率兼顾等不同政策取向及模式。尽管它在公共部门需要一定的运作条件,但能广泛运用于包括食品、住房、医疗、教育、幼儿保健等具有融合特征的"福利物品"提供领域。     

Child labor legislation: effective, benign, both, or neither?

This paper explores the relationship between the state-specific child labor legislation and the decline in child labor that occurred in the US between 1880 and 1900. The existing literature that addresses this question uses a difference-in-difference estimation technique. We contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we argue that this estimation technique can produce misleading results due to (a) the possibility of multiplicity of equilibria and (b) the non-linearity of the underlying econometric model. Second, we develop an empirical strategy to identify the mechanism by which the legislation affected child labor decisions. In particular, besides establishing whether the legislation was effective or not, our analysis may determine whether the legislation constituted a benign policy or not, i.e., whether the legislation constrained the behavior of families (not benign) or whether it changed the labor market to a new equilibrium in which families voluntarily respected the law (benign).     

Materialism, status signaling, and product satisfaction

The consumer satisfaction literature has not, for the mos part, integrated individual values into the product evaluation process. Yet a comprehensive understanding of consumer satisfaction can best be attained by including both consumer and product factors. To demonstrate the usefulness of including individual values, this research focuses on one consumer value, namely, materialism. The authors empirically explore how this individual value is linked to consumers’ evaluations of products they have purchased. Using surveys, the authors collected data from a sample of college students (n=211) and a sample of adults (n=270). Across these two studies, using divergent samples and products, they find consistent evidence that materialism is negatively related to product satisfaction in product categories with high potential for status signaling, but unrelated to product satisfaction in product categories with lower potential for status signaling. The consumption goals that produce these product evaluations are empirically addressed Jeff Wang (jianfeng76@yahoo.com; PhD, City University of Hong Kong) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Faculty of Business at the City University of Hong Kong. This work was conducted when he was a doctoral student of marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. His research interests include social networks and consumer behavior, consumer satisfaction and well-being, materialism and consumption meanings, and consumer interests and public policy issues. His dissertation studies credit card debt as a socially embedded phenomenon and investigates how consumers leverage their interpersonal ties as they accumulate and repay their debt. Melanie Wallendorf (mwallendorf@eller.arizona.edu) is Soldwedel Professor of Marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. She holds an MS in sociology and a PhD in marketing from the University of Pittsburgh. Her articles on the sociocultural aspects of consumption have been published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Advertising and Society Review, Addiction, Journal of Macromarketing, andAmerican Behavioral Scientist, among others. Her coauthored article on “The Sacred and Profane in Consumer Behavior” won theJournal of Consumer Research Best Article Award in 1992. Her research has been featured in theWall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The New York Times, American Demographics, andFortune, and has been funded by the Marketing Science Institute, the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission, and the Office of Earth Science at NASA.