国有林场税费改革的政策建议

黑龙江省有368处国有林场,经营总面积780万hm2,林业用地651万hm2,有林地480万hm2,蓄积3.4亿m3,具备了年更新造林6万hm2、生产木材150万m3的能力,是实施林业"六大工程"的主战场,是东北生态区域的重要组成部分.但是较重的林业税费负担已经成为制约国有林场林业生产、吸引社会资金投资林业的一个瓶颈,有人比喻是"一个优秀运动员戴着镣铐在跑步".     

发展国有林场 带动乡村脱贫──关于江西省国有林场和乡村联营造林的回顾与思考

江西省现有国有林场218个，经营面积1244万亩，林木蓄积2836万m3，年生长量165万m3，职工5万人；1995年社会总产值87亿元，总收入5．6亿元，向国家上缴税金6018万元；固定资产原值3．7亿元；生产建设性投资1．7亿元；生产木材43万m‘l造林25万亩。一、国乡联营造林的概况江西省     

以产权制度改革为重点 试办股份制林场的构想

东方红林场经营施业区面积19085hm2，森林蓄积209万m3，森林覆盖率96．2％，固定资产总值352万余元，职工420人．青年280人，退休职工101人，住户427户，人口1500人．有木材、营林、农业和多种经营等项生产，年木材生产任务约在3万m3，更新造林200hm2以上．育苗面积8．7hm2，农     

深化林场改革 促进经济发展

国有天峨县林朵林场现有10270．1hm2经营面积,有林地面积7118．5hm3,活立木蓄积1023万m3。到1992年止,累计已造林5637．8m2,向社会提供木材172．386m3,顺利通过造林灭荒和绿化达标验收。1997年全场经济总收入3584．5万元,其中多种经营收入800．2万元,创历史最好水平,上缴各种税费668．16万元,占该县财政收入的1／3被誉为“天峨经济台柱”,现有固定资产3500万元,森林总价值2．65亿元。改革开放以来,该场领导班子勇于开拓、锐意改革、注意借鉴外地和本地的先进经验,结合本场实际,积极探索林场改革和发展的新路子。制定了“以林…     

桉树人工林不同树种土壤固碳价值评估--以广西斯道拉恩索公司两个原料林基地为例

在野外实地调查的基础上,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、地统计学方法及生态经济学价值量评估方法估算了广西斯道拉恩索公司两个原料林基地桉树人工林不同树种有机碳储量及其价值。研究结果表明:研究区3种树种单位面积土壤有机碳储量平均值由大到小排列为:桉树(36.38 t/hm~2)马尾松(35.02 t/hm~2)杉木(33.37 t/hm~2),结果与其他学者利用样地调查方法估算的结果相一致;研究区森林土壤有机碳总储量为7.03×10~5t,总固碳价值为842.61亿元;3种树种单位面积价值量由大到小排列为:桉树(436.52万元/hm~2)马尾松(420.28万元/hm~2)杉木(400.47万元/hm~2)。     

辽宁省世行贷款造林项目效益分析

辽宁省从1990年开始利用世界银行贷款开展造林项目,到现在为止,在14个市的36个县（市、区）内相继开展了国家造林项目、森林资源发展和保护项目、贫困地区林业发展项目、林业持续发展项目,累计完成投资64613．95万元,其中利用世行贷款35531．85万元（合4773万美元）,省内配套资金29082．1万元;完成造林19．12万hm2,其中速生丰产用材林17．7l万hm2、经济林1．41万hm2。     

2007年全国林业经济运行情况

2007年我国林业经济运行情况良好,完成荒山荒地造林390.77万hm3,比2006年增加1.87万hm2;林业重点工程完成造林面积268.16万hm2,比2006年减少13.56%;林种结构进一步优化,非公有经济造林成为林业建设的重要力量;林业产业总产值达到1.25万亿元,比2006年增加1881.20亿元,增长17.66%;木材产量为6976.65万m3,为近10年历史最高水平,国内木材供给能力显著增强;林业建设资金实际到位793.68亿元,比2006年增长25.78%,资金到位率为93.15%;全部林业投资完成额达到645.75亿元,比2006年增长30.25%。     

辽宁省世行贷款国家造林项目还贷对策分析

辽宁省世界银行贷款国家造林项目是辽宁省首次利用世行贷款开展的大规模造林工程。项目从1990年开始,利用7年的时间在辽宁东部重点林区的7个市15个县(市、区)共营造了9.03万hm2以日本落叶松为主的速生丰产林,完成总投资2.61亿元人民币,其中利用世界银行贷款折合1.58亿元人民币,     

广西桂南地区集体商品林地地租的合理水平研究

以马克思的地租理论为基础建立了林地地租数学算式,依据广西桂南地区集体林地栽培的主要用材林——桉树速生丰产林的营林工程建设费用、木材生产成本和木材价格进行林地理论地租的计算结果表明:与理论地租相比,近10年来林地实际地租严重偏低;"十五"、"十一五"和"十二五"期间林地理论地租的平均值分别为1 208、3 395和3 313元/(hm2·a)。建议以立地质量等级和地利等级均为差级林地"十二五"期间的理论地租2 233元/(hm2·a)(相当于中等水平的67.4%)作为今后一段时期林地地租的平均指导价格。     

“国家造林项目”还贷措施落实的有关问题

国家造林项目——利用世界银行贷款投资，营造速生丰产林，是我市引进外资较大的发展林区经济项目之一。自1991年开始实施至1995年10月共营造速生丰产林101835hm2，其中，国营林场脚银山林场各分场，大茅山项目林场）44168hm2，乡、镇林场57667hm2，占计划安排9500nm2的107.2％，总投资2473万元。其中：世界银行协会借款达1192万元。值得提出的是乡、镇林场利用外资营造速生丰产林在全省、全地区还是不多的。整个项目进展顺利，经有关部门验收和幼林摸底显示幼林长势较好，一类林79231公顷占82.7％；二类林1567.8公顷，占16.4％；三类林91.8…     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.