小费,该出手时就出手

为什么要付小费? 这首先是出境游客要了解的事情。因国情不同,小费在许多国家是下层服务人员的一项重要收入。他们本身的工资只有几百元左右,因而住店客人给的小费,就成了他们保持正常生活的重要收入。客人付小费本身体现了客人本人的文化修养和文明礼貌。     

在国外给小费问题

世界上多数国家的服务行业中盛行收小费的做法。凡是行李搬运工、旅馆和饭店服务员、出租汽车司机等在为顾客提供个人服务后,顾客都必须付给小费,以示酬谢。使用公共厕所后也要付给管理人小费。但是,政府和海关官员、航空公司的机上人员、旅馆柜台或客房管理职员以及汽车加油站管理员都不接受小费,向这些人付小费是失礼的行为。     

译心译意

您在国外旅行中一定遇到过需要付给服务人员小费的情况,那么在什么情况下应该付给小费、付给多少呢?本期将给大家一个解答。Hotel workers depend on tips toaugment their usually small salaries.Rather than being annoyed at having totip the doorman who greets you,     

心理契约与导游小费制度

本文运用新制度经济学、心理学、营销学等知识对导游小费制度进行解释和分析,认为导游小费是在旅游服务中,导游与游客之间心理契约的一种价格,是游客对遵守心理契约的导游人员付出的报酬.导游与游客间心理契约的不确定性决定着导游小费的不确定性.我国的导游小费制度推行的良好环境尚不具备,导游小费制度在我国发展,只能是在"纯玩团"内采取自愿性小费的形式.     

导游小费制度对国内旅游企业薪酬制度的启示

对导游人员的激励是旅行社人力资源管理的重要内容。本文通过对比国内外导游薪酬制度．认为西方小费制度在旅游服务行业发展起着积极的推动作用,同时指出国内旅游业．尤其是导游业界引进小费制度的必要性,并针对性地提出相应促进国内引进小费制度的措施。     

出国怎样给小费

出国旅行,会感觉到异国他乡的风俗习惯和本土有着非常大的差异。对于中国人来说,最为常见的不习惯恐怕就是付小费了。在国内,如果你在结账时说一声“不用找了”,没准对方会像受了侮辱一样庄严而自尊地把找零一毛不差地给你,更别说特意给小费了。而在国外,给小费是很多国家的风俗习惯,是对所提供服务付费的一部分,而且小费是服务从业人员的一项重要收入。所以,入乡随俗,该出手时就出手吧。在美国各种场合小费多如牛毛,没有小费几乎寸步难行。上餐馆、旅行住店更是切不可忘记,否则遭人白眼不说,背后还要被诅咒祖宗三代;要不就是晚上回到房间里缺这少那,特别是卫生间里,“纸”到用时方恨少。     

小费的性质与合约安排

本文运用新制度经济学以及微观经济学理论，结合实际观察所得，对旅游业中的小费制度进行了经济学解释。基本结论是，小费是企业对难以完全清晰界定或降低而留在公共领域里的产权(先占权利)的一种间接定价，目的在于降低企业因交易而面临的机会成本，其多样化的合约安排则是交易费用约束下企业降低交易费用努力的理性选择。相应的政策建议是，作为一项过渡性制度安排，我国旅游业中的导游应实行强迫性小费制度。     

小费通知书

在国外旅行,给小费是必不可少的“知机行动”, 不过,你知道何时该给小费, 该给多少吗? 告诉你给小费的五大原则,付小费时容易被人忽视的小细节…… 躲开小费陷阱, 化解出游尴尬。     

导游小费:“咸鱼”想翻身?

2008年,山西省政府法制办出台了《导游人员管理办法(征求意见稿)》,提出导游人员的劳动报酬由基本工资、补贴、绩效奖励及旅游者自愿支付的小费等部分组成。这个做法是在国内首次认可导     

小费规则,与时俱进

世界各地小费政策各不相同,且随着社会经济的发展,境外自助游人数的不断增加和旅游服务项目的日益丰富,我们面临独立支付小费的机会越来越多,做个时尚旅游者,对小费规则的了解也要与时俱进。     

The consequences of forty years of tourism growth

Leisure travel has become a major lifestyle in the United States since World War II. This paper describes the social, economic, and technological changes that have been adopted by the industry and society during three eras of travel evolution. A synoptic view of the development of travel is provided by a review of five travel industry components: transportation, attractions, facilities and services, information, and the consumer. Emphasis is placed on the consequences of the adoption of major social and technological innovations that have impacted this vibrant industry and will continue to do so in the future. The paper concludes with eight observations on the present and future status of leisure travel in the United States.     

The perceived impact of tourism by residents a case study in Santa Marta,Colombia

Studies of the local population's perception of tourism impact are useful in setting up programs to minimize friction between tourists and residents, and in formulating plans to gain resident support of tourist ventures. This study identifies the positive and negative aspects of tourism as perceived by the Santa Marta residents, and the influence of selected variables on resident response. It is hypothesized that the perception of tourist impact varies with the distance a person lives from the tourist zone and with the resident's socio-economic status. It is found that despite the perception of some serious negative aspects, Santa Marta residents consider the overall impact of tourism to be beneficial. They want their government to offer more economic incentives and eliminate any restrictive measures in order to stimulate tourism in the area. The positive attitudes of the Santa Marta residents toward tourism may be a function of the incipient stage of tourism development in this area.     

A tourist space-time budget in the Shetland Islands

This paper addresses the need to better understand tourist pressure in selected regions of the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom, using measures of space, time, perception, region, and core-periphery. Normally an economic theory, core-periphery was applied in the context of this study as a locational and mental construct in examining tourism group movement (behavior). Respondents were placed into two groups on the basis of their activitybased motivations for visiting Shetland and asked to complete a daily space-time budget regarding their use of attractions, facilities, accommodation, and transportation. It was discovered that both groups differed marginally in their space-time use of the aforementioned variables within the various regions of Shetland.     

The failure of ‘control’ in the hospitality industry

This paper explores the relationship between the literature on the issue of control and the realities of the hospitality industry. Management control is related to the unsanctioned entrepreneurial activities of operatives (illustrated by the ‘taxi scam’), the failure of computer systems used to control operatives, and the failure of the hospitality industry to exploit the potential of the new technology. The paper suggests that management's (and a significant part of the literature in this area) failure within hospitality is linked to the perception of the role of the hospitality manager as one of policing the industry.     

Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa : The case of Zambia

Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.     

Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

IMPACT OF AN ECONOMIC CRISIS Evidence from Turkey

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2001 economic crisis on the tourism industry in Turkey. The research findings reveal that neither the government nor private organizations had any plans for dealing with the crisis before or after the event. It had both negative and positive impacts although its benefits were often overlooked. The overall implication of the study is that national culture, the level of economic development of a country, the availability of financial resources, and the ability and knowledge of its government officials and managers of private firms have a direct impact on how such an event is responded to and managed.     

Hosts, guests and politics: Coastal Resorts Morphological Change

Resort morphology goes through a predictable sequence of stages: from pre-tourism low through high-density development to an urbanized state. Three elements are considered essential in such coastal resorts change: hosts, guests, and politics. Using historical data from the mass-developed Greek island of Crete, ten principal characteristics are identified as determinants of the morphological change of coastal resorts. A temporal model of unplanned change is also proposed. Although the study was constrained by limited data availability, the proposed model is deemed able to represent the morphological change of Cretan mass-developed coastal resorts.     

The rediscovery of America: Elite automobile touring

The automobile has radically changed tourist habits this century. In the first decade it was enthusiastically embraced by a small, wealthy elite. In America this elite “rediscovered” the romantic northeastern scenery painted by the Hudson Valley School of artists. This process is documented both in the general elite tourist literature of the period and in a specific case study from an elite summer colony. In the second decade “mass followed class.” Cheaper automobiles allowed the middle classes to follow the elite tourists of the first decade. The elite began to lose interest in the automobile as something exclusive to them, and turned their attention to the possibilities for touring of aviation.     

The geography of tourism: An introduction

The geography of tourism is limited by a dearth of published research in geographic journals, the relatively few individuals who actively participate in the sub-discipline, and the lack of prestige the subject matter specialty has in geography. Despite these imperfections geographers make important contributions to the study of tourism because of their unique point-of-view. This characteristic perspective is seen in the context of a conceptual frame-of-reference which consists of a matrix based on two trichotomies. An analysis and interpretation of this framework and its application to the nine substantive articles included in the special issue constitute a majority of the article.