Economic integration across Latin America: Evidence from labour markets, 1990–2013

Combining macroeconomic and microeconomic data and three indicators of international market integration, this paper assesses the degree to which Latin American labour markets are integrated. The results suggest that relative to East Asia, Latin American labour markets are somewhat more integrated, but considerable differences across countries persist. In addition, the evidence indicates that the degree of labour market integration across Latin American borders is significantly less than that of labour markets within the United States in two of the three indicators. These differences may suggest opportunities for efficiency gains from further labour market integration.     

CLOTHING,AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND COMFORT – I

Male and female students prefer much the same ambient temperature in their study-bedrooms but it is noticeable that men wear significantly more clothing than women. The same is true of Japanese students even though the preferred temperature is lower than the English students find comfortable. Overseas students of recent arrival in England tend to keep their rooms at the same temperature as the English students but wear more clothing. After a longer period in England these overseas students wear less clothing but keep their rooms significantly warmer.