中国城镇社会医疗保障改革的理论探索

With its transition to a market-oriented economy, China has gone through significant changes in health care delivery and financing systems in the last three decades. Since 1998, a new public health insurance program for urban employees, called Basic Medical Insurance Program (BMI), has been established. One theme of this reform was to control medical service over-consumption with new cost containment methods. This paper attempts to evaluate the effects of the reformed public health insurance on health care utilization, with in-depth theoretical investigation. We formulate a health care demand model based on the structure of health care delivery and health insurance systems in China. It is assumed in the model that physicians have pure monopoly power in determining patients’ health care utilization. The major inference is that the insurance co-payment mechanism cannot reduce medical service over-utilization effectively without any efforts to control physicians’ behavior. Meanwhile, we use the calibrated simulation to demonstrate our hypothesis in the theoretical model. The main implication is that physicians’ incentive to over utilize medical services for their own benefits is significant and severe in China.      

省直管县财政体制改革能否 改善民生性公共服务*

本文采用全国县级数据，运用基于倾向得分匹配的双重差分方法，考察了省直管县财政体制改革对民生性公共服务的影响。实证结果表明，省直管县财政体制改革总体上不利于民生性公共服务水平的提高：在医疗服务方面，改革对人均医疗床位数的影响虽不明显，但导致医疗支出比重相比于改革前下降了1167%。在公共教育方面，改革对中小学生数占人口比重产生了负面效应，且导致教育支出比重较改革前下降了419%。另外，笔者还发现，改革对民生性公共服务的抑制作用具有明显的省份差异性和时间滞后性。     

新型农村合作医疗的福利效应分析:微观数据的证据

利用2000年和2006年的中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据和倍差方法, 以参合农民为作用组, 非参合农民为对照组, 对新型农村合作医疗政策的福利效应作了实证分析。新型农村合作医疗政策增加了医疗服务利用;但新型农村合作医疗政策对净医疗费用(扣除合作医疗补偿后的费用)没有影响。     

公立医疗机构的结构重组与法人化治理

本文分析了我国医疗资源市场化配置的扭曲和后果,并讨论了医疗卫生服务体系进一步改革的两大方向,即公立医疗机构的结构重组和制度变革:一方面,政府通过公共财政的力量,引导公共医疗卫生资源更多地流向市场不足的地方;另一方面,推进公立医疗机构的制度变革,使公立医疗机构转变为独立的法人,为各类医疗机构的大发展创造一个公平的制度环境.     

Public provision of health insurance and aggregate saving in an overlapping generations model with endogenous health risk: The South Korean case

This paper examines the effect of expanding public health insurance in South Korea on medical expenditures and aggregate saving using an overlapping generations model with endogenous health risk. South Korea had a substantial underinsured population, which is aging rapidly. Higher public health insurance benefits reduce individual medical expenditure and health risks but lead to a modest decline in individual and aggregate saving. Even after the expansion, the medical care coverage remains incomplete, and the elderly face a substantial risk of out-of-pocket medical expenditures.     

Does health insurance matter? Evidence from China’s urban resident basic medical insurance

In 2007, China launched a subsidized voluntary public health insurance program, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), for urban residents without formal employment. We estimate the impact of the URBMI on health care utilization and expenditure by a fixed effects approach with instrumental variable correction, using the 2006 and 2009 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We explore the time variation of program implementation at the city level as the instrument for individual enrollment. We find that this program has significantly increased the utilization of formal medical services, including both outpatient care and inpatient care, but it has not reduced total out-of-pocket health expense. We also find that this program has improved medical care utilization more for children, members of the low-income families, and the residents in the relatively poor western region.     

我国医疗服务支付机制改革的思考

目前,我国政府主导下的医疗服务支付机制,涉及了当今三大基本医疗保险中的基金筹集、支付方式决策与管理等诸多方面,发展过程中取得了一些成就,但也存在一些问题,急需从支付方式、管理方式和支付范围等方面进行改革。     

城镇低保户医疗服务利用和医疗保障制度设计对就医行为的影响——基于兰州、西宁和白银城镇家庭调查数据的分析

解决低保户看病难问题事关社会底线公平。文章基于2005年三个西北城市的17 690个样本对低保户就医问题展开实证研究,分析结果表明,由于中国医疗机构扭曲的激励机制和偏重住院报销的给付结构,低保户和非低保户两个群体都倾向于自己购药处理日常病患,而减少了门诊利用,经常面临生存危机的低保户由此拖延病情直至病情严重;个人账户既不能横向分散不同人群的疾病风险,也不能纵向分散个人在生命周期不同阶段的疾病风险;职工基本医疗保险能够显著增加中青年低保户对住院服务的利用,但对老龄低保户没有效果。     

State versus private provision: How does China’s market‐oriented reform affect healthcare delivery?

The role of the government in health care provision remains a contested issue worldwide. Public hospitals dominate China’s health care industry. However, in the early 2000s, the eastern China city of Suqian privatized all its hospitals and relaxed entry barriers for private hospitals. We assess the impact of the pro‐market reform on hospital performance using a differences‐in‐differences approach. We find that the pro‐market reform decreased medical price and expenditure, improved self‐reported health outcomes, and reduced search time and cost for patients. We show that after the reform, Suqian residents had greater trust in doctors than did residents from other cities.