网上银行:支付与监管的法律问题

一、网上银行 网上银行(Internet Banking),又称为虚拟银行(Virtual Bank)或网络银行,是指使用电子工具通过互联网向客户提供银行的产品和服务的银行.网上银行的产品和服务包括提存款服务、信贷服务、账户服务、理财服务、电子单据支付以及电子支付工具服务.它没有银行大厅,没有营业网点,通过与国际互联网连线的电脑,进入网上银行的网站,在任何时间,任何地点办理网上银行提供的各种银行业务.     

发展网上银行与银行风险控制

网上银行(Intermet Banking)是依托互联网的发展而兴起的一种新型银行服务模式.现有的网上银行町分为两大类：一类是完全虚拟的网上银行(A类)，如美国安全第一网上银行；另一类是在传统银行的基础上发展，将银行业务拓展到互联网上来完成(B类)。前者是未来网上银行的发展方向，后者是目前大多数网上银行所采取的模式?目前我国的网上银行属于B类。     

网上银行安全架构设计浅析

网上银行（Online Banking）,也称为互联网银行（Internet Banking）或网络银行、在线银行。美联储对网上银行的定义是,利用互联网为其产品、服务和信息的业务渠道,向其零售和公司客户提供服务的银行。网上银行的出现给银行业带来一种地域无限、时间无限的经营方式,从而改变了银行业的竞争格局。这种改变使网上银行成为网络经济时代提供金融服务的一种重要手段,引发了一场银行业的革命。     

应重视对网上银行的金融监管

为了适应网络时代发展的需要，应对加入WTO的挑战，我国金融电子化步伐日益加快，网上银行正以惊人的扩张速度向传统银行业发起冲击，我国的网络银行时代已经到来。笔者认为，在研讨如何发展网络银行的同时，应该未雨绸缪，重视对网上银行的监管，防患于未然。一、网上银行发展提出的挑战(一)网上银行发展对我国传统的监管方式提出挑战。网上银行是在互联网上开办的银行服务系统，其特点一是交易无纸化、业务无纸化和办公无纸化；二是电子化，即银行使用的票据和单据全面电子化，如电子支票、电子汇票和电子收据等；三是全面使用电子货币…     

浅议如何加强我国网上银行业务监管

一、网上银行业务发展对我国金融业提出的挑战 （一）网上银行业务对我国传统的监管方式提出挑战。 网上银行业务是在互联网上开办的银行服务系统,其特点一是交易无纸化、业务无纸化和办公无纸化;二是电子化,即银行使用的票据和单据全面电子化,如电子支票、电子汇票和电子收据等;三是全面使用电子货币,包括电子钱包、电子信用卡、电子现金等;四是一切银行业务文件和办公文件完全改为电子文件、电子化票据,签名也采用数据化签名。     

网上银行审计指引(国际信息系统审计协会ISACA)

一、网上银行1.网上银行的定义网上银行是指把互联网作为远程支付渠道来为银行服务.它包括传统上的诸如开设账户或转账给不同的账户,以及新的银行服务比如电子在线支付(允许客户通过网上银行接收或支付账单)等服务.     

网上银行的身份认证与安全防范

一、网上银行概述1.网上银行的发展网上银行是借助互联网技术向客户提供金融信息发布和金融交易服务的电子银行,它是传统银行业务在互联网上的延伸。     

关于我国金融业发展网上银行的思考

网上银行是指银行在互联网（Internet）网上建立站点，通过互联网的客户提供信息查询、对账、网上支付、资金转账、信贷、投资理财等金融服务。更通俗地讲，网上银行就是银行在互联网上设立的虚拟银行柜台，传统的银行服务不再通过物理的银行分支机构来实现，而是借助技术手段在互联网上实现。网上银行是科学进步与技术创新的产物，金融业作为经济核心部门，其改革和发展一定要从长远目标考虑，以科技为创新动力，大力开发新型服务品种，走内涵式金融创新发展道路，确保我国金融业在国际大竞争中立于不败之地。在此环境中，以网络为依托的网上银行显示出强劲生命力。     

全方位塑造品牌价值——访中国建设银行电子银行部总经理徐捷

建设银行是我国比较早开通网上银行服务的银行之一，1999年8月，建设银行使推出了网上银行服务。其后几年中，基于互联网、电信网的网上银行、电话银行、手机银行等电子银行服务渠道成为建设银行树立品牌形象．拓展产品市场的重要手段。     

关注农行,关注网上银行

网上银行是基于互联网技术的新型的银行组织形式和运营模式,其出现打破了银行服务在时空和地域上的限制,延伸了银行的服务范围和功能,大大降低了经营成本。网上银行是目前全球十分流行的金融营运手段,具有得天独厚的优势,将成为未来银行业发展方向和趋势。所以,专家预言"网上银行业务很可能是外资银行进入中国金融市场的一个重要突破口。"网上银行作为未     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…