法务会计理论框架初探

随着我国市场经济的发展及经济活动越来越复杂,其经济纠纷及犯罪也相应增多,在纠纷的解决和犯罪的调查与审理中,会大量涉及到财务与会计问题,法律和会计作为市场经济的卫士因此结合得日益紧密。法务会计作为二者融合所产生的边缘学科也成为会计界近期研究的热点,法务会计人员提供的诉讼支持服务也越来越受到社会公众的认可和关注。法务会计理论框架的构建将为法务会计实践指明方向,并推动法务会计在我国健康有序的发展。     

From newsletter to academic journal: creating the European Accounting Review

This paper looks at the evolution of the European Accounting Review as the journal of the European Accounting Association. It provides an historical background to the launch of the journal in 1992, and traces how the European Accounting Review has developed to be a widely accepted academic journal in accounting. The journal tried at one and the same time, and managed with some success, to fulfil several different functions: to be an academic journal, a newsletter for the members and a place for debate on European accounting regulation. It seems that one of the main reasons that this was possible was the way EAR grew out of earlier initiatives by the EAA such as the Newsletter, the annual doctoral colloquium and the EIASM accounting workshops. The journal was thus a product of the development of a community of accounting researchers in Europe. In turn it began to play a constructive role in contributing to the further development of the accounting research community in Europe. During its first decade, the period on which our analysis concentrates, the European Accounting Review has acted to develop the idea of European accounting research in a research environment which has tended, at the international level, to be dominated by the Anglo-Saxon countries. EAR has tried to become a journal for European academics, and to be sensitive to European issues while being published in English. Being published in English, it thus directly competes for submissions and for readers in the global market for accountancy journals. In this way it has acted as one of the catalysts in the process of internationalization of the European academic accounting community. After the reform of 1999, the structure and aims of the journal are now more tightly focused on being a successful academic research journal, and less on playing a role as a forum for information and discussion. In this article we hope that we can contribute to celebrating the 25th anniversary of the EAA and reflect on EAR 's future role in a world where the focus in both research and practice in accounting is more and more at the ‘global’ level.     

智力资本会计理论基础反思

以计量和报告为主要内容的会计对智力资本的发展做出了巨大的贡献;与此同时,智力资本对于会计的发展也展现了其独特的魅力。然而,智力资本会计主要是来源于实践,使得相应的计量问题面临着巨大的挑战,所以智力资本的出现不可避免地引起了理论界的激烈争论。由于会计界按照现有的会计理论来处理智力资本会计,其效果并不理想,需要新的理论准则来处理智力资本会计,并对财务报告的未来发展进行新的尝试。本文认为,会计界应该反思现有的会计理论,改变会计计量观念和财务报告模式。     

我国会计国际化的策略问题研究

本文从经济的角度对会计国际化的问题进行了深入分析,认为会计国际化是一种经济利益的驱使,各个国家都是从经济需要出发来看待会计国际化的问题。这个分析结果,对于我们研究会计国际化策略问题是一种重要的启示,即会计国际化应以本国的经济利益为核心,应根据本国的实际经济发展状况来适时调整会计标准和会计政策,这是一种理性的选择。并由此提出关于我国会计国际化方面的政策建议。     

我国会计职业女性化问题研究

职业女性化是指在一定时期内,某种职业从业人员的性别结构呈现出女性人数比例不断增加直至占优势的状况。现实情况表明,我国会计职业出现了女性化的特征;其既有社会政治制度、经济体制的原因,又有女性自身特点的原因。会计职业女性化的过程,既反映了广大女性会计人员在我国经济生活中发挥着重要的作用,但也暴露了我国整个会计人才队伍建设的缺憾,本文在探讨我国会计职业女性化存在问题的基础上,提出了尽可能避免出现问题的思路和建议。     

强化我国国有企业会计监督的对策分析

会计监督是在全面系统地反映经济活动的同时,对经济业务是否符合经济法规制度和会计准则进行考核和控制。强化会计监督是我国国企改革发展的需要,也是市场经济有序运行、健康发展的需要。国企要在竞争中增强活力、提高素质,在市场中求生存、求发展,就应依法采取各种措施,建立健全内部监督机制,保证经济指标的顺利完成。文章阐述了强化我国国有企业会计监督的意义及必要性,介绍了当前国有企业会计监督的现状和问题,提出了有效强化会计监督的对策。     

Accounting,economics and management in France: the slow emergence of an 'accounting science'

The relationship (or what might be better described as the absence of a relationship) between accounting, economics and management is an important feature of a French tradition built on a society in which accountants have been regarded as the ‘poor relations’ of the business community. This pattern is presented in the second part of the title of this article as ‘the slow emergence of an accounting science’. French business traditions have influenced accounting mainly through the property rights established by the French Revolution. The French bourgeoisie's concern with inheritance gave rise to a form of accounting which emphasized the balance sheet and inventory valuation, rather than cash flow analysis. Throughout the 19th century accounting in France was taught as a technical subject, secondary to the ‘noble’ disciplines such as engineering, law and later, economics. In the mid-20th century, the state, via the ‘Conseil National de la Comptabilité’ (the National Accounting Council) laid down accounting principles under the ‘Plan Comptable’. The separation between financial accounting and cost accounting reflected that between entrepreneurs or owners on the one hand and engineers or administrators on the other. Unlike the Anglo-Saxon countries, France did not recognize accountancy as a profession in its own right until recently. Recent years have seen a radical transformation of French accounting policies and conventions under the combined influence of the emerging requirements of financial markets, the globalization of business and the growing independence of the accountancy profession.     

论预算会计收付实现制及其改革

客观评价我国预算会计收付实现制确认基础,探讨其局限,借鉴OECD国家预算会计权责发生制改革实践经验,结合我国实际,研究和探索我国预算会计如何运用权责发生制,是理论界和实务界面临的重要课题。     

Corporate governance crisis down under: Post-Enron accounting education and research inertia

Abstract

Australian and New Zealand accounting academic responses to corporate governance and reporting failures is a story not simply told in the context of high profile international corporate failures such as Enron and WorldCom. This study notes a sequence of major Australian corporate failures that predate Enron and WorldCom. Through research into professional, business and research literature, profession and governmental/regulatory websites, and interviews with senior accounting academics across Australia and New Zealand, it also highlights a tale of limited response by Australian and New Zealand accounting academics and investigates the manifest and latent drivers of this inertia. The corporatisation and commercialisation of universities and related governance processes emerge as root causes of accounting academics' general failure to address recent major breakdowns in corporate governance and reporting in the business world. The paper closes by reviewing opportunities for change in an otherwise embattled environment.     

The Impact of Financial Reporting Regulation on the Market Valuation of Reported Environmental Liabilities: Preliminary Evidence from US and Canadian Public Companies

This study investigates the economic consequences of four financial reporting regulations relating to environmental liability reporting in samples of 170 US and 156 Canadian public companies during the period 1984 to 1997. The study's purpose is to investigate the factors that make financial reporting regulation effective in enhancing the relevance and reliability of accounting information. Prior research provides the theory that financial reporting regulations impose costs on managers and create incentives for them to report accounting information that is relevant and unbiased. This study assesses these regulations' enforceability, which is viewed as arising from the regulator's power to enforce its regulations by sanctions or penalties. It tests whether the relation between market valuation and reported environmental liability accruals changes when the new regulations are enacted, and whether regulation with high enforceability has a more significant impact than regulation with low enforceability. This study uses a residual‐income valuation model to measure the valuation coefficient, or multiplier, on reported environmental liability accruals. Changes in this coefficient are used as indicators of changes in the market's assessment of the value relevance and bias of the reported accounting information. This study provides preliminary evidence indicating that financial reporting regulations issued by the securities market regulator and the accounting profession are associated with changes in the relation between market value and reported environmental liabilities in some cases, and suggests avenues for further international accounting research on the factors involved in financial reporting regulation's impact.     

Research on gender structure of accounting profession in China

One of the most striking phenomena in recent years has been the increasing proportion of women in the labour force, enabling women in many fields to use their potential and to achieve economic independence. So the gender structure analysis becomes more and more important to society and economic development. Accounting research lacks the study of gender issues. This paper intends to summarize the gender structure of accounting profession in China, and aims to explore the critical factors such as economic system of government, traditional characteristics of women, glass ceiling and psychological factors which take a great influence on the gender structure of accounting profession. A conclusion can be made that the proportion of women participation in accounting profession is higher than men, but the majority of senior accounting professionals in China are still men.     

Gender Roles and Organizational HR Practices: The Case of Women's Careers in Accountancy and Consultancy Firms in China

The Chinese finance industry has experienced significant expansion both within the state sector and into the private sector. Professional consultancy firms have also emerged as a result of the rising interest in the outsourcing of accounting and management services. However, the study of women's careers in the accountancy profession in contemporary China remains largely an uncharted territory. Drawing on data from 69 interviews with auditors in five firms, this article investigates the nature of work of external auditors in China and how women auditors view their work‐life choices and constraints. We explore the likely differences between male and female auditors in their career aspirations and the extent to which these self‐perceived differences are informed by social conventions of gender role, organizational practices, and personal preferences. The study has strong implications for human resource management in professional service firms in China, with particular reference to job design, work organization, career support, and work‐life balance initiatives. The study contributes to the debate on gender, employment, and career development in the accountancy profession in different parts of the world. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

如何有效提高广西高职会计学原理课程的教学质量

会计学原理又称基础会计学,是高职高专经济管理专业的专业基础课程,更是会计专业课程的奠基石。文章结合广西高职会计专业学生的特点,从教学材料和教学方法两大方面论述如何提高会计学原理课程的教学质量。     

Exploring notions of control across cultures: a narrative approach

This paper examines authorship distribution in a premiere Canadian-based research journal, Contemporary Accounting Research (CAR). It provides empirical evidence of a strong US elite dominance in the research agenda of a non-US research community. This is illustrated through a consistently higher proportion of authorship representation and participation of US elites (measured by doctoral origins) in CAR and its associated Conference. We also found that a small group of Canadian schools (measured by academic affiliations) contributes the most publications to CAR but their representation on the CAR editorial board and participation at the PhD Consortium was limited. We express our concern as to the constructive role of CAR as a top-tier journal in the dissemination of accounting research. We draw upon discussion on a European research tradition (represented by Accounting, Organizations and Society and The European Accounting Review), and its general approach to accounting research, which is perceived as distinct from the US elite approach (Lukka and Kasanen, 1996). Insights gained help widen the acceptable research in top tier journals such as CAR to further its aim to enhance geographical and intellectual diversity.     

CEO Pay Contracts and IFRS Reconciliations

Abstract

We examine whether UK managers exploit the discretion provided in the UK GAAP to IFRS reconciliation process to manage earnings and whether this earnings management is associated with the structure of the managers' compensation contracts. We use a comprehensive data set of mainly hand-collected information from the firms' annual reports to provide evidence that, given the existence of an accounting-related vesting target in their pay schemes, CEOs use UK GAAP to IFRS reconciliations as an earnings management tool. We test our hypotheses under a number of different specifications, including a propensity score matching analysis. Our study contributes to the literature on the relation between earnings management and contractual incentives by focusing on a major structural change in accounting policies.     

法务会计基本理论要素定位

法务会计作为我国新兴的会计学科,其业务飞速拓展与执业能力的矛盾,充分反映出对相关理论的迫切需求。本文以现有法务会计理论文献为依据,通过分析与论证,对法务会计的属性、主体、目标、内容、方法、证据等基本性内容进行了定位,以期为推动我国法务会计理论与实践的良性发展提供参考。     

Transparency and accountability of the professional accountancy bodies: some observations on the Canning and O'Dwyer paper

The Canning and O'Dwyer study makes a valuable contribution to the literature on the public interest claims of the professional accountancy bodies. This paper critiques the study by focusing on its theory and evidence. It also encourages scholars to take a deeper look at the governance and policies of the professional bodies and communicate their insights to the widest possible audience so that the power of the profession could be subjected to greater democratic scrutiny.     

试论如何加强会计人员职业道德教育

会计职业道德,是会计人员在长期的职业活动中逐步形成和总结出来的,调整会计人员与社会之间、会计人员个人之间、个人与集体利益之间的职业道德主观意识和客观行为的统一。随着我国加入WTO和市场经济改革的不断深化,要求会计市场、会计行业、会计行为必须规范有序,因此加强会计人员职业道德教育就显得十分必要和迫切。笔者就如何加强会计人员职业道德教育,谈一些肤浅的认识。     

European congresses of accounting: a review of their history

The history and scientific development of many professions can be studied from the evidence of their annual or occasional conventions. Typically professions originated in major towns and were brought together nationally through state recognition. Subsequently and especially in the twentieth century, international links and co-ordinating professional bodies have been founded.

The accountancy profession has gone through these stages. The processes for national recognition and for statutory powers have been well studied. Less attention has been given, however, to the agendas and effectiveness of accountants' congresses at national, European and international level. Evidence has been available on an American conference in 1904; and this has been declared the first of a series of international accounting congresses which continues today. More frequent and more international congresses based in Europe (and in Brussels in particular) deserve attention now, such as has been denied them for some fifty years.

The present review is based largely on secondary sources; but it shows the aims of European conferences, which were often occasioned by international expositions, and which evolved from the qualified success of national accountants' conventions. The achievements of congresses are also discussed, in relation to agendas which reveal contrasting expectancies from state intervention and an inverse defence of professional freedoms. The views expressed by accountants differ according to their country of origin and to changing economic climates and conflicting political views. Continental European accountants rather often betray some envy of the state recognition and protection accorded to British chartered accountants.     

Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary

This Commentary summarizes and remarks on several discussions of the link between academic accounting research and financial reporting standard setting. Our Commentary is prompted by references to building the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) research capacity, included in three due process documents: Report of the Trustees' Strategy Review, IFRSs as the Global Standard: Setting a Strategy for the Foundation's Second Decade; Agenda Consultation 2011; and Feedback Statement: Agenda Consultation 2011. Pursuant to its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) has undertaken activities, including hosting two roundtables, related to the link between academic accounting research (and researchers) and the IASB's standard‐setting activities. We discuss the main issues addressed and themes emerging from the IAAER roundtables including whether academic research is relevant to standard setters; types of academic research, and areas of inquiry, that would be most relevant to accounting standard setters; perceptions on why academic research is not more useful to standard setters and challenges to academic researcher's engagement in standard setting. We summarize the IAAER Committee response to the consultation paper, Status of Trustees' Strategy Review. Finally, we identify areas where we believe academia can assist in building a dedicated research capacity at the IASB and note specific areas where future academic research is needed to inform the IASB.