福建省农村居民人均纯收入收敛性的实证分析

基于福建省1999-2012年农民人均纯收入数据,从福建省58县市、9地市、五大区域三个层次上对农民人均纯收入进行了σ收敛检验、绝对β收敛检验、条件β收敛检验。结果表明:福建省58县市和五大区域的农民人均纯收入存在σ收敛和绝对β收敛,9地市农民人均纯收入在2006年以后开始呈现出σ收敛趋势和绝对β收敛趋势;1999-2012年间福建省58县市、9地市、五大区域农民人均纯收入都存在条件β收敛。     

关于农民收入收敛性的实证分析——基于Panel Data的经验研究

采用改革开放以来的分省数据对农民收入的收敛性进行了σ收敛、绝对β收敛和条件β收敛的实证检验.结果发现:1978～2003年全国农民在收入水平上不存在σ收敛,在收入增长率上也不存在显著的绝对β收敛.当控制了物质资本、人力资本和劳动力增长率等条件后,农民收入呈现条件β收敛,但条件β收敛速度在不同地区存在差异;物质资本和人力资本等收敛条件在不同地区的作用也存在差异.     

中国区域绿色创新效率收敛性研究

将环境污染、创新失败因素列为非期望产出指标,运用2006—2016年中国内地30个省份面板数据,构建SBM—DEA模型对中国绿色创新效率及其区域差异进行测算,进而采用σ收敛模型、绝对β收敛模型、条件β收敛模型考察中国区域绿色创新效率的收敛性。结果表明：中国区域绿色创新效率整体上呈现上升趋势,但存在较大区域差异,东部地区绿色创新效率远高于中、西部地区;全国及东、中、西部地区绿色创新效率均不存在明显的σ收敛,但存在显著的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,且影响收敛的显著性因素各不相同。     

广东区域金融发展的收敛性分析

基于经济收敛理论,运用σ收敛、β收敛和俱乐部收敛检验方法,对广东区域金融发展的收敛性进行实证分析后发现,1978-2008年,广东区域金融发展没有出现差距自动缩小的趋势,总体上不存在σ收敛和绝对β收敛格局,但存在条件β收敛趋势,而且山区各地市表现出俱乐部收敛的特征。因此,促进广东区域金融协调发展的途径是:第一,加快珠三角金融一体化步伐,增强其对全省的辐射能力;第二,促进东西两翼、山区与珠三角地区的金融资源整合和金融产业合作,加快落后地区金融改革与发展步伐;第三,建立互补有序、协调发展的金融资源配置体系,实现全省金融资源的高效运作和优化配置。     

中国省级生态福利绩效区域差异性分解和收敛性研究

过去经济高速发展造成了严重的资源浪费、生态破坏和环境污染等问题,人们关注的重点逐渐从经济福利转向生态福利。文章在生态效率研究方法的基础上,确定生态福利绩效的测算方法为PCA-Super-SBM模型,以我国30个省份和东、中、西三个区域为研究对象,测算2004—2015年的生态福利绩效水平,在此基础上运用Theil指数和σ收敛、绝对β收敛研究我国生态福利绩效的区域差异性及其收敛性。初步发现东部、中部和西部的生态福利绩效的差距明显,我国生态福利绩效的差异性的主要组成部分是区域内差异,只有东部地区不具有σ收敛和绝对β收敛效应,中部和西部地区的具有β收敛效应,在中西部地区存在落后省份对先进省份的"追赶效应"。     

黄河流域绿色发展的空间差异及收敛性研究北大核心

基于1995—2017年黄河流域9省区的面板数据,先利用US-SBM分析模型测得各省区绿色发展水平,再采用Dagum基尼系数、σ收敛及β收敛等分析方法考察流域绿色发展区域差异及差异演变的收敛特征。研究发现:(1)流域绿色发展总空间差异呈下降趋势。上游地区绿色发展区域内差异相对最大,中游相对最小;下游与上游、中游地区绿色发展区域间差异均较大,而上游、中游区域间差异相对要小;区域间差异是总差异产生的主要来源。(2)流域总体、上游及下游地区绿色发展差异演化趋势均不存在σ收敛特征,仅中游地区存在一定程度σ收敛;同时流域总体及其三个分区绿色发展均存在绝对β收敛与条件β收敛特征。     

中国创新型产业集群投入产出效率动态演进及区域差异——基于省际面板数据的分析

基于2014—2019年中国内地28个省域面板数据,构建三阶段DEA模型,测度各省域创新型产业集群投入产出效率,运用变异系数和静态面板模型分别检验其σ收敛和β收敛特征,进而揭示东部、中部、西部、东北地区四大区域创新型产业集群投入产出效率的动态演进趋势及区域差异。结果表明,2014—2019年全国创新型产业集群投入产出效率由0.62提高至0.72,更多省域向高效率演进,到2019年,35.7%的省域达到生产效率前沿;中国创新型产业集群投入产出效率存在明显的区域差异,在空间上呈现出东部>中部（与全国平均水平持平）>东北和西部的发展格局,较低的纯技术效率、规模效率分别是制约东北和西部地区效率提升的主因;样本考察期内,全国整体、东部和中部创新型产业集群投入产出效率存在σ收敛,全国整体及东部、东北和西部地区存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,而中部仅存在条件β收敛,且不同区域条件β收敛的影响因素不尽相同。据此,针对提升不同区域创新型产业集群投入产出效率提出针对性建议。     

长江经济带共同富裕水平的区域差异、分布动态与收敛性

基于2011—2020年长江经济带地级及以上城市的面板数据,利用熵值法测度长江经济带共同富裕水平,并采用核密度估计方法与Dagum基尼系数揭示共同富裕水平发展的分布动态、区域差异及来源,最后利用变异系数和静态面板收敛模型检验共同富裕水平发展的σ收敛和β收敛特征。研究发现：（1）长江经济带共同富裕水平总体上呈上升趋势,三大区域共同富裕平均水平从高到低依次为下游、中游、上游。（2）区域间差异是长江经济带共同富裕水平区域差异的主要来源,长江经济带总体及上游、中游、下游地区共同富裕水平区域内差异均呈缩小趋势,各地区共同富裕水平的分布动态存在异质性。（3）长江经济带总体及上游、中游、下游地区共同富裕水平均具有显著σ收敛、绝对β收敛和相对β收敛特征。     

中国制造业全球价值链位置的行业异质性及收敛性测度

中国制造业通过嵌入全球价值链参与国际分工，全球价值链位置演化呈现收敛趋势。利用TiVA 数据库提供的数据，采用附加值贸易法对中国制造业全球价值链位置进行测度。结果发现，1995-2014年，中国制造业全球价值链位置演化经历了3个阶段（GVC1.0、GVC2.0、GVC3.0），在GVC1.0时期全球价值链位置不断下降，在GVC2.0时期全球价值链位置加速上升，在GVC3.0时期全球价值链位置稳步上升。构建全球价值链位置收敛计量检验模型，分别对中国制造业全球价值链位置的绝对σ收敛、绝对β收敛和条件β收敛进行检验。结果表明：中国制造业全球价值链位置演化存在绝对σ收敛、绝对β收敛和条件β收敛，但是中高技术和高技术制造业行业全球价值链位置演化存在绝对β发散和条件β收敛。研究结论可为促进我国制造业不同行业迈向全球价值链更高位置提供新证据。     

中国数字经济发展的分布动态、区域差异及收敛性研究

基于数字经济理论内涵构建中国省际数字经济发展评价指标体系,利用主成分分析法进行测度,并采用Kernel密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及分解方法揭示数字经济发展的分布动态、区域差异及来源,利用变异系数和空间计量模型检验数字经济发展的σ收敛和β收敛特征.研究发现:2011—2018年,中国区域数字经济总体发展水平稳步提升;4大板块数字经济发展差异显著,区域间差异是总体区域差异的主要来源;空间分布呈非均衡性和渐进演进态势,空间集聚特征明显;除东北部外,全国和其他区域数字经济发展不存在明显的σ收敛;中国数字经济发展存在明显的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛趋势,且发展水平较低的西部和东北部具有较高的收敛速度;地区数字经济发展与经济增长的收敛性存在趋同,但收敛速度不同步.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.