江苏省人力资本对经济增长作用的实证分析

本文在有效劳动模型的基础上利用江苏省1978～2008年的时间序列数据进行人力资本与经济增长的实证分析,结果表明:物质资本和人力资本对江苏省经济发展均有促进作用,但与物质资本相比,人力资本对经济增长的影响较小,江苏经济仍然是投资驱动的粗放型增长模式。江苏要获得持续的经济增长,必须加大人力资本投入,提高人力资本的利用效率。     

物质资本、人力资本对江西省经济增长的促进效应

本文运用宏观经济理论和索洛经济增长模型,依据江西省2001~2015年的统计数据,通过计量方法论证人力资本在推动江西省经济增长方面起主要作用,而其投入相对物质资本较小。分别分析不同层次人力资本对经济增长的促进作用,结论为基础教育的作用最大,高等教育次之。并针对实证结果从物质资本和人力资本方面提出关于促进江西省经济增长的政策建议。     

社会资本、人力资本与内生经济增长

通过构建基于社会资本、人力资本的内生经济增长模型,研究社会资本、人力资本与经济增长之间的影响机制,并基于社会信用这种社会资本,运用面板数据对人力资本、社会资本、经济增长之间的影响机制进行实证检验,结果显示:私人生产性的教育消费支出和公共教育支出总体上促进了人力资本的积累,但前者作用大于后者;相对于政府培育社会资本的公共支出,人力资本积累更加有利于促进社会资本的积累;社会资本对中国经济增长产生了积极的影响。但是,上述三个方面的影响存在着较大的地区差异性。     

养老保险、人力资本的公共支出效应研究

不同的养老保险制度会对人力资本的投资产生不同的作用,从而影响到经济增长率。在这一过程中,政府经济干预的作用是不可忽视的。本文对中国社会保障改革过程中的养老保险和教育的公共支出的增长效应进行了分析,同时通过人力资本这一指标来体现它们与经济增长的相关关系,结果表明：从公共支出角度来看,政府对养老保险的转移支付与人力资本和长期经济增长率之间呈现出一种负相关关系;公共教育投入对于长期人力资本及经济增长的正面效应很明显,而对短期经济增长的效应却不明显。     

广东人力资本投资与经济增长关系的实证分析

本文从实证的角度分析了人力资本投资对广东经济增长的影响,认为广东经济增长方式目前仍是物质资本拉动型,而不是人力资本拉动型.据此提出加强广东人力资本投资促进经济增长的对策.     

江苏省人力资本、物质资本对经济增长的影响研究 ——基于向量自回归模型

江苏省当前的重要目标是实现经济的高质量增长。针对人力资本、物质资本以及二者之间的协调性来讨论其对于江苏省经济增长的影响,在梳理影响经济增长机理的基础上,依据江苏省1988-2018年的时间序列数据,通过构建向量自回归方程,对江苏省人力资本、物质资本与经济增长进行计量研究。研究表明,在不同的时间维度上,人力资本、物质资本均有促进经济增长作用,但效率有差异,基于此研究结论提出相关政策建议。     

人力资本投资与经济增长关系的思考

现代经济增长所依靠的不仅是物质资本,更重要的是人力资本,物质资本的获得和财富的积累都是由人力资本推动的。人力资本是现代经济增长与发展的源采和动力,增加人力资本投资,提高人力资源质量,已成为促进经济发展的重要手段。人力资本作为生产要素对我国经济增长具有决定作用,人力资本投资对我国经济增长具有战略意义。本文运用实证分析方法探讨了教育投资对经济增长的贡献并提出了一些建议。     

人力资本对经济增长绩效的实证研究——基于浙江省的分析

本文测量了浙江省1978-2004年经济增长过程中的物质资本存量、人力资本水平和人力资本存量,基于人力资本水平对经济增长影响的不同视角,建立包含物质资本和人力资本存量的不同类型生产函数模型,探讨各种生产要素对浙江经济增长的贡献率。通过对浙江经济增长过程中的三种类型生产函数的回归分析,及其各支撑因素对经济增长贡献率的比较研究,发现人力资本在经济增长的重要作用,人力资本水平是经济增长的格兰杰(Granger)原因。     

基于C-D生产函数的重庆经济增长实证研究

文章选取柯布道格拉斯生产函数,分别采用永续盘存法和受教育年限法计算重庆市1994-2009年的物质资本存量和人力资本存量,运用计量经济学的方法对重庆的经济增长与要素投入进行了实证分析,得出物质资本投资和人力资本投资对经济增长的贡献率,并提出相关政策建议.     

江苏省利用外国直接投资与经济增长经验研究

本文分析了江苏省利用外国直接投资和经济增长之间的相关性,同时探讨了外国直接投资和经济增长之间的作用机制。江苏省的数据表明外国直接投资相对规模和经济增长之间存在正相关关系;外国直接投资主要通过人均物质资本、技术进步、产业结构的变动以及对外贸易等途径影响经济增长,但人力资本不是外国直接投资影响经济增长的显著途径。根据上述结论,提出了政策建议。     

Intellectual Property Rights,FDI, R&D and Economic Growth: A Cross‐country Empirical Analysis

This paper aims to empirically examine how intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection, foreign direct investment (FDI) and research and development (R&D), along with other possible variables, may affect the economic growth of the host country. Using the panel data of 92 countries during 1970–2007, I conclude from the system generalised method of moments estimation that domestic investment share, FDI, R&D capacity, openness to trade, human capital and IPRs protection all have statistically significant and positive impacts on economic growth. A further investigation of countries at different levels of development suggests two striking findings. First, besides the domestic investment, openness, human capital and IPRs protection, R&D is the key to drive economic growth in the higher‐income countries, while FDI is the engine of growth in both higher‐income and middle‐income countries. Second, a positive and significant impact of IPRs protection on economic growth is found in both higher‐income and lower‐income countries. However, such an impact is not detected in the middle‐income countries.     

欠发达地区外商直接投资经济增长效应分析——以江西赣州为例

外商直接投资的经济增长效应受多种因素影响,各地情况不同,其效应表现也不一致。文章根据内生经济增长理论,以中西部地区的江西赣州为例进行实证分析。研究表明,相对于劳动力投入和国内资本投入,欠发达地区外商直接投资对经济增长的作用十分有限。这主要是因为,利用外资的总体规模仍然很小;外资产业规模小,层次低,技术含量低;外资产业与本土产业配套发展不足。但由于外商直接投资将在长期内拉动经济增长,因此必须重视外资的引进,并不断提高外资的质量。     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

The skill premium and economic growth with costly investment,complementarities and international technological-knowledge diffusion

We analyse the skill premium and the growth rate in an innovator-imitator general equilibrium growth model assuming (i) internal costly investment in both physical capital and R&D, (ii) complementarities between intermediate goods in production and (iii) technological-knowledge diffusion. We find that in the imitator country these three elements influence the economic growth rate and the skill premium. In the innovator country, while the growth rate is affected by costly investment and complementarities, the skill premium is not affected by any of our assumptions. It depends solely on the productive advantage of high-skilled over low-skilled labour, which suggests that the sustained increase in the skill premium observed in several developed countries over the last three decades may have been due to increases in such productive advantage.     

The impact of public R&D subsidy on small firm productivity: evidence from Korean SMEs

This paper explores the effects of R&D promotion policy on SME performance. We use a large panel data set on public R&D subsidies to Korean manufacturing firms. We control for counterfactual outcomes employing the DID (difference in differences) estimation procedure as well as for the endogeneity of the R&D investment and the R&D subsidy using the 2-stage Tobit/Logit DPD (dynamic panel data) procedure. We find significant evidence for positive effects of the public R&D subsidy on both the R&D expenditure and the value added productivity of Korean manufacturing SMEs. The policy thus appears to have been successful in fostering technological advancement and in promoting economic growth.     

中国企业赴巴西直接投资的机遇与挑战

近年来,中国对巴西投资迅猛增长,2010年中国成为巴西外国直接投资的第一大来源国。中企赴巴西投资在面临巴西地理位置优越、自然资源丰富、经济发展稳定、市场潜力巨大、劳动力资源丰裕、基础设施完备、经济政策稳定且开放、科技水平和研发能力较强、外债风险持续缓解、中巴双边贸易快速增长等良好机遇的同时,也面临整体税负偏重、基础设施滞后、社会治安状况堪忧、教育水平不高、居民素质参差不齐、资金和劳动力成本高企、劳工法律苛刻、币值波动较大等挑战。中国政府和企业要从完善投资保险机制、签订投资协定、做好市场调查、政策分析、实行"本地化"策略等方面沉着应对。     

Costly investment and complementarities in an international trade model with directed technological change

We investigate the impacts on the skill premium and on economic growth in an innovator‐imitator general equilibrium growth model assuming: (a) directed technological change; (b) international trade of intermediate goods; (c) internal costly investment in both physical capital and R&D; and (d) complementarities between intermediate goods in aggregate production. With trade of intermediate goods, the complementarities degree and investment costs influence the economic growth of both countries, but do not affect the countries' skill premia, which are directed by technological knowledge. Additionally, in agreement with related empirical literature, openness to trade of intermediate goods leads to a higher equilibrium skill premium in both countries, whereas its impact on the common growth rate can vary in sign.     

Foreign direct investment and growth under economic integration

This paper studies foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in a two-country endogenous growth model. Starting with a core-periphery steady state in the world, the model shows that economic integration gives rise to FDI, leads to an expansion of R&D activity in the industrial core, and increases the world growth rate. In that process, the peripheral country enjoys a rise in the level of living standards. The model suggests that the often-observed positive correlation between inward FDI and economic growth does not necessarily imply any causal relationship—both of them respond endogenously to economic integration.     

Productivity,Employment and Growth in European Integration

We compare the evolution of key macroeconomic indices for the European Union (EU), viewed as a unified economy, with that of the USA and Japan for the period 1950–95, report the process of convergence in the EU, and analyze the effect of its potential enlargement through the accession of 10 Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) that are in active negotiation for EU membership. The EU has followed a path of rising labor productivity, declining capital productivity and rising capital intensity typical of advanced capitalist economies. Its productivities in the 1990s lie between those of the USA and Japan. There is evidence of convergence of EU-15 relative labor productivity and capital intensity levels to those of the USA. Relative real wages also seem to be converging. Profit rates in all three economies fell, most rapidly before 1975. There is a general pattern of convergence in the EU members in the evolution of labor productivity, capital productivity, real wage, gross profit rate, investment per worker, consumption per worker and capital intensity. The evidence for a specific membership effect on convergence is weak. The CEEC have much lower relative labor and capital productivity than any other countries that have entered the EU. The process of development in the CEEC will have to follow an atypical path of increasing or constant capital productivity and rising labor productivity in order to converge to EU norms. EU membership might have a positive impact on the prospective economic growth in the CEEC in these respects, as the vehicle for the transmission of critical changes in technology and productive organization.     

技术董事、研发投入与可持续增长

文章基于“特征——行为——经济后果”的研究范式，以2008-2015年中国披露了研发费用的上市公司为研究样本，采用中介变量方法对技术董事通过影响企业研发投入而作用于企业可持续增长的情况进行研究，并量化了这种中介作用的大小。研究结果显示：（1）技术董事对企业可持续增长的实现程度具有显著的正向影响；（2）技术董事对企业研发投入具有显著的正向影响；（3）技术董事对企业可持续增长的促进作用有一部分是通过研发投入实现的，企业研发投入是技术董事与企业可持续增长之间的部分中介变量。本文的研究对构建支持企业可持续发展的董事会治理结构具有重要启示，也为技术董事的创新驱动效应提供了经验证据。