How accurate is the integrated vendor–buyer continuous model?

The classic single-item, deterministic-demand, integrated vendor–buyer model is revisited. The decision problem may also be viewed as that of one centralized firm, dealing with a two-level EOQ-like supply chain with finite production rates. It is sought to optimize the production lot-size and the integral number of its shipments, in equal batches, from the vendor to the buyer. While the problem calls for discrete optimization techniques, we introduced a continuous model where one can take derivatives with respect to both variables. In this short paper, we establish a 98.5% lower bound on the accuracy of this continuous model.     

Fixed‐Term Contracts: Short‐Term Blessings or Long‐Term Scars? Empirical Findings from the Netherlands 1980–2000

Using a comprehensive longitudinal dataset of prime‐age Dutch workers over the period 1980–2000, we examine how a previously held job with a fixed‐term contract influences both the likelihood and the duration of a future spell of unemployment. Analyses show that Dutch workers with fixed‐term contracts experience higher risks of future unemployment and have no shorter spells of unemployment compared to workers with regular contracts. Results also reveal that swifter employment re‐entries among men with fixed‐term contracts can be explained by their job search efforts before unemployment. Our study (partly) invalidates theoretical positions that claim that fixed‐term contracts foster employment security by shortening unemployment durations; suggesting that fixed‐term contracts are a short‐term blessing that could end, for some workers, in a recurrent unemployment trap.     

‘Trojan horse’ or ‘Workhorse’? the evolution of U.S.–Japanese joint ventures in the United States

Foreign investors and their domestic joint venture partners must find ways to share the benefits of the venture if both sides are to be satisfied. Some work in the literature on joint ventures has asserted that there is a danger in all joint ventures, and especially joint ventures with Japanese, that one side will exploit the venture for its own gain, using it as a Trojan Horse. To test this assertion, we build a full data set of Japanese firms with joint ventures in the United States and track the ventures over time. Our data show that the Japanese partners do not take actions consistent with the Trojan Horse hypothesis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2013轻装上阵

2012年国内外市场形势不甚理想、确有国内品牌服装企业存在"库存不合理增长"的问题 ;但大部分企业、乃至全行业,并未达到"危机"地步;更重要的是,2013年服装企业如何沉淀下来,积极消化不合理的库存部分,从根本上提高产品供应链管理水平。轻装上阵,才能更好地转型升级。     

Free To Choose? Dimensions of Private-Sector Wage Determination, 1979–1994

Deregulation of the system of pay determination in Britain was started in 1979 with the removal of incomes policy. The objective was to give employers the freedom to determine wage increases without the restrictions of pay norms or statutory limits. Instead, companies would be able to link changes in pay to the fortunes of the individual enterprise or establishment. By the mid-1990s, had these attempts to decentralize wage negotiations changed the determinants of wage settlement outcomes in Britain? We address the influence of industrial relations institutions and labour market pressures on wage increases between 1979 and 1994 using evidence from the CBI’s Pay Databank. Despite the direction of the Conservative Government’s policy, the external institutional forces of the labour market, particularly the rate of inflation and comparability, appear to exert an enduring influence, both qualitatively and quantitatively, on pay determination.     

<产品质量法>

问:社会团体、社会中介机构对产品质量作出的承诺、保证不实的,应当承担何种民事责任? 　　答:修改后的<产品质量法>在第五十八条规定:“社会团体、社会中介机构对产品质量作出承诺、保证,而该产品又不符合其承诺、保证的质量要求,给消费者造成损失的,与产品的生产者、销售者承担连带责任.”对社会团体、社会中介机构的承诺、保证行为加以约束,以更好地保护消费者的利益. 　　……