UK Stock Returns and the Impact of Domestic Monetary Policy Shocks

Abstract:  We investigate the influence of changes in UK monetary policy on UK stock returns and the possible reasons behind such a response. Firstly, we conduct an event study to assess the impact of unexpected changes in monetary policy on aggregate and sectoral stock returns. The decomposition of unexpected changes in the policy rate is based on futures markets data. Secondly, using a variance decomposition in the spirit of Campbell (1991) we attempt to identity the channels behind the response of stock returns to monetary policy surprises. The variance decomposition results indicate that the monetary policy shock leads to a persistent negative response in terms of future excess returns for a number of sectors.     

Monetary Shocks and REIT Returns

We investigate the influence of unanticipated changes in US monetary policy on Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT’s). Although a number of studies have investigated the issue of interest rate changes, the effect of unanticipated changes has not previously been addressed in terms of possible effects on both REIT’s returns and volatility. The results show a strong response in both the first and second moments of REIT returns to unexpected policy rate changes. The results for the impact of the shock on both mean and volatility of returns is consistent with results from studies addressing broader equity markets. However, we find evidence both against behavioral changes in volatility coincident to US monetary policy decisions and asymmetric responses to the monetary policy shock.

Pacific Rim Stock Market Integration Under Different Federal Funds Rate Regimes

This study uses Sims-type vector autoregression technique to examine the stock markets integration among the US and four major Asian-Pacific stock exchanges during 1993 and 1994. The two different sample periods capture the change in US monetary policy in 1994. Empirical results show that when the US was targeting the federal funds rate in 1994, the variations in US stock returns much better explain the variations of stock returns in Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia.     

股票价格具有货币政策指示器功能吗——来自中国1997～2006年的经验证据

本文运用VAR模型考察了以股票价格为代表的金融资产价格对我国通货膨胀的影响。实证分析表明,我国股票价格的变动对产出缺口存在一定的正向影响,但是这种影响不太稳定,说明我国股票价格通过总需求渠道对未来通货膨胀产生的影响比较微弱。同时,我国股票价格的变动能引起未来CPI和WPI的同向变化,尤其与CPI的关系非常稳定,说明股票价格在一定程度上包含了我国未来通货膨胀的信息。因此,我国股票价格可以作为一个帮助判断未来经济走势和通货膨胀变动趋势的货币政策指示器。     

中国货币政策对股票市场影响的再考察

本文运用DAG方法、VAR模型和马尔科夫转换模型考察了货币政策对股市价格水平的影响,结果表明中短期内货币政策对股票市场价格水平存在影响显著,并表现出较强的非对称效应。股市低迷期的紧缩性货币政策会进一步降低股市收益率,减小股市从熊市转入牛市的概率;相反,股市繁荣期的紧缩性货币政策将增加股市从牛市转入熊市的概率。     

The Impact of Monetary and Fiscal Policy Shocks on Stock Markets: Evidence from China

We study the impact of Chinese monetary and fiscal policy shocks and the interaction of the two policies on stock markets. We find that, first, when we focus on the contemporaneous correlation, Chinese fiscal policy has significant, negative contemporaneous relationships with stock market performance, while monetary policy’s impact on stock market performance varies, depending on the fiscal policy. Second, with respect to the lagged variables, Chinese monetary and fiscal policy both have a significant and direct positive effect on stock market performance. Meanwhile, interaction between the two policies plays an extremely important role in explaining the development of stock markets.     

货币政策冲击对股票市场流动性的影响——基于Markov区制转换VAR模型的实证研究

本文首先对货币政策影响股市流动性的机理进行分析,在此基础上,尝试构建了一个新的股票市场流动性指标,通过引入MS-VAR模型,考察了货币政策在不同区制下对股市流动性的动态影响。基于MSIH(3)-VAR(4)模型和累积脉冲响应的结果表明,货币政策扩张有助于提高市场流动性,货币政策收紧,会导致市场流动性降低。但在不同区制下,影响程度存在显著差异,当股市处于膨胀期时,货币政策冲击对市场流动性的影响比股市处于低迷期时表现得更加明显。同时,股市收益率和股市波动率对股市流动性也存在显著影响。     

The Causal Relationship Between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns in China and India: Evidence from a Bootstrap Rolling Window Approach

This article applies a bootstrap rolling-window causality test to assess the causal relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and stock returns in China and India. Empirical literature examining causality between two time series may suffer from inaccurate results when the underlying full-sample time series have structural changes. However, the bootstrap rolling-window approach enables us to identify possible time-varying causalities between time series based on sub-sample data. Using a twenty-four-months rolling window over the period 1995:02 to 2013:02 in China and 2003:02–2013:02 in India, we do find that there are bidirectional causal relationships between EPU and stock returns in several sub-periods rather than in the whole sample period. However, the association between EPU and stock returns is, in general, weak for these two emerging countries. Our findings have important implications for policy makers and investors.     

货币政策和金融稳定

近期的金融危机使世界各国的中央银行加强了对金融稳定问题的关注,对货币政策目标的选择与实施更加慎重。为更好实现金融稳定目标,中央银行应根据具体情况,在宏观审慎政策与货币政策之间做好平衡,在不同种类的宏观审慎政策工具间做出选择。     

Stock Market Reaction to Monetary Policy: An Event Study Analysis of the Brazilian Case

This article examines the relationship between the monetary policy implemented by the Central Bank of Brazil and the stock market. We implement event study analysis and analyze the effect of the anticipated and unanticipated components of monetary policy decisions on the returns of the IBOVESPA index and 53 stocks. We find that monetary policy has a significant effect on the stock market, but is only responsible for a small proportion of market variation. The analysis at the sector level with expected returns identifies that the financial sector is the most affected by this policy, whereas with excess returns only industrial goods are significantly affected. Moreover, individual assets respond in a rather heterogeneous fashion to monetary policy; however, when we look at excess returns, we identify a reduction in the intensity and in the number of companies impacted by monetary policy. Finally, the monetary shock is explained by unanticipated variations in the unemployment rate, in the Industrial Production Index, in the General Market Price Index, and in the Broad Consumer Price Index.     

再析美国金融危机前的利率政策

全球金融危机与美国货币政策的变化密不可分,从低利率货币信贷扩张的流动性过剩到高利率的流动性紧缩,使宏观经济产生剧烈波动,前期低利率带来过剩的流动性,后期利率的提高造成巨量房地产泡沫的破灭。让美联储无视资产泡沫的原因是美联储货币政策一贯秉持的"泰勒规则"指导原则没有纳入资产价格因子,致使美联储货币政策调控失误。     

Taiwanese Mutual Fund Performance Under Different Central Bank of China Monetary Policy Environments

This study examines the performance of mutual funds under different Central Bank of China monetary policy environments in the emerging Taiwan market. To measure monetary policy changes effectively, we exploit changes in the discount rate and further categorize the monetary environment as either restrictive or expansive. We consider a restrictive monetary environment to be a period in which the discount rate rises, whereas an expansive monetary condition is a period in which the discount rate drops. It is found that all mutual funds, both domestic and international funds, exhibit a higher mean return, lower risk, and higher Sharpe and Treynor ratios under expansive monetary policy environments. Regression results show that domestic mutual fund returns are related significantly to local monetary policy. Furthermore, after controlling for the possible effect of macro factors on the association between the monetary policy dummy variable and mutual fund returns, the significant influence of monetary policy on domestic mutual fund returns remains robust. In contrast, changes in U.S. monetary policy stringency, in general, do not affect the performance of either domestic or international mutual funds in Taiwan.     

Stock Returns and the Business Cycle

This article examines whether movements in economic factors dictated by the dividend discount model can explain broad movements in stock returns over the business cycle. As anticipated, stock returns decrease throughout economic expansions and become negative during the first half of recessions. Returns are largest during the second half of recessions, suggesting an important role for expected earnings. These results are consistent with the notion that expected stock returns vary inversely with economic conditions, yet suggest that realized returns are especially poor indicators of expected returns prior to turning points in the business cycle.     

金融工程与货币政策效率互动关系研究

文章从金融工程对货币供求的影响以及金融工程对货币政策效果的影响两个层面探讨了金融工程与货币政策效率的互动关系,指出尽管金融工程对货币政策效率存在一定程度的负面效应 ,但从根本上讲 ,金融工程与货币政策效率的良性互动循环是实现金融可持续发展的根本动力和途径。     

Dividend Stability, Dividend Yield and Stock Returns: UK Evidence

This paper establishes an empirical role for two measures of dividend stability (as a proxy for dividend policy) in explaining UK stock returns. There is little systematic empirical evidence concerning the relation between dividend stability, dividend yield and stock returns despite the fact that a variety of theoretical models point to dividend policy as an important stock attribute. Here we construct two definitions of dividend stability, one of which involves dividend cuts, and use a sample of all listed UK firms from 1975 to 1997 to explore the relationship between stock returns and a variety of characteristics, including dividend stability. We find an inverse correlation between the stability of past dividend policy and systematic risk. Both stability measures have explanatory power over returns, but this is concentrated in January.     

Dividend Stability, Dividend Yield and Stock Returns: UK Evidence

This paper establishes an empirical role for two measures of dividend stability (as a proxy for dividend policy) in explaining UK stock returns. There is little systematic empirical evidence concerning the relation between dividend stability, dividend yield and stock returns despite the fact that a variety of theoretical models point to dividend policy as an important stock attribute. Here we construct two definitions of dividend stability, one of which involves dividend cuts, and use a sample of all listed UK firms from 1975 to 1997 to explore the relationship between stock returns and a variety of characteristics, including dividend stability. We find an inverse correlation between the stability of past dividend policy and systematic risk. Both stability measures have explanatory power over returns, but this is concentrated in January.     

对我国股票收益率与通货膨胀率关系的解释：1992-2007

股票收益率和通货膨胀率之间既可以正相关,也可以负相关。如果通货膨胀率的上升动力来自于供给冲击,那么两者负相关;如果来自于需求冲击则正相关。同一时期的正负相关关系取决于供给和需求冲击动力的相对重要性。对我国1992年5月至2007年8月实践的检验表明,整个样本期间内股票收益率和通货膨胀率相关性不明显。在1992年5月至1999年12月期间,供给冲击大于需求冲击的影响,导致股票收益率和通货膨胀率负相关,但2000年1月至2007年8月,同样是供给冲击大于需求冲击的影响,却导致两者正相关。其中的原因在于,2000年后国民经济中供需结构失衡,名义上的供给冲击转变成实际上的需求冲击,从而导致股票收益率和通货膨胀率正相关。政策当局在吸收过多流动性的同时,应加快经济结构调整,从根本上解决供需失衡问题。     

Monetary Policy and the Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns

Ample evidence shows that size and book-to-market equity explain significant cross-sectional variation in stock returns, whereas beta explains little or none of the variation. Recent studies also demonstrate that proxies for monetary stringency increase the explained variation in stock returns. We reexamine a three-factor model that includes beta, size, and book-to-market equity, while allowing monetary conditions to influence the relations between these risk factors and average stock returns. We find that ex-ante proxies for monetary stringency significantly influence the relations between stock returns and all three risk factors. Additionally, all three variables are found to contribute significantly to explaining cross-sectional returns in a three-factor model that includes the monetary sector.     

我国货币政策变动对股票市场短期调控效应的实证分析

货币政策变动会对股市造成冲击。本文利用GARCH模型,运用事件研究方法研究利率、存款准备金率调整对股票市场的短期影响。通过实证分析,表明货币政策调整会对股票收益产生影响,但每次政策调整宣告对股票市场的影响程度、作用时间甚至影响方向都有所不同。这种即期影响取决于调整时经济运行的总体状况、股指相对位置、股市盘整的时间等影响因素,同时也取决于市场对政策调整的预期。     

中国货币政策与股票横截面收益研究

本文基于沪深股市1993～2008年剔除了金融类股的所有A股数据,研究了中国证券市场上货币政策与股票横截面收益之间的关系。本文发现,在货币紧缩情况下,股票的Beta值与股票收益是成正比例关系的,而在货币扩张情况下,这种正比关系的程度减小,股票的Beta越大,其收益反而减小;在货币紧缩情况下,股票的市值规模与股票收益是成反比例关系的,而在货币扩张情况下,这种反比关系的程度变大,股票的市值规模越小,其收益增加的程度更大;在货币紧缩情况下,股票的账面市值比与股票收益是成正比例关系的,而在货币扩张情况下,这种正比关系的程度变大,股票的账面市值比越大,其收益增加的程度也越大。