静压式空调送风道阻力变化规律研究

均匀送风是满足客车内温、湿度环境的重要条件之一。研究静压送风道的阻力分布规律,对提高送风均匀性和改善送风道性能有重要意义。通过对送风道不同送风工况下的阻力变化规律进行测试,比较分析实验数据,得出送风道阻力变化规律特点及使用条件。     

静压式空调送风道送风均匀性研究

新型空调静压式送风道的送风均匀性较传统送风道有较大的改善,在分析送风道结构和送风原理的基础上,计算出不同工况下静压箱条缝送风口出流的不均匀性系数,以及理论平均出流速度、实际平均流度、风道漏风系数及风道的最大和最小不均匀性系数。通过对数据的分析,为提高和改善送风道的送风均匀性,优化送风道的结构提供依据。     

空调通风系统应对列车提速的措施

列车提速是一个涉及到各个方面的综合系统技术工程。针对列车提速后对空调通风系统的影响,从对车厢内的空气质量、舒适性,空调通风系统的送风量、耗冷量等方面进行分析,提出了提高车窗的气密性;设置板簧压力保护装置和有源压力保护装置;调节送风量;降低空调通风系统的安装重心;采用高效换热冷凝器和蒸发器等改进措施。     

铁路客车空调系统积尘的影响及采取的对策

通过对RW25B客车空调系统存在问题的分析,指出目前客车空调系统存在的主要问题是积尘的影响。通过对积尘的定量分析,提出提高空调系统过滤性能及加强空调系统的日常清洗、定检维修等确保客车空调系统高效运行的有效方法。     

列车送风系统及车厢内气流组织优化研究

以高速列车车厢为研究对象,通过在列车送风道内加设调节板,以改善列车送风系统的送风均匀性及车厢内的气流组织情况。针对加设调节板后车厢内速度场和温度场的不均匀性提出进一步改进措施,重点研究列车末端风口对气流组织的影响和加设调节板的优化方案,提出3种改进方案。通过仿真模拟,第1种和第3种方案均有比较好的效果。     

提速旅客列车安全监控与诊断系统的研制及技术经济分析

针对铁路25型提速客车的安全现状，阐述了列车安全监控与诊断系统的技术原理、系统功能、技术特点、控制与传输方式等研制情况。在对该系统进行技术经济分析的基础上，提出为确保提速客车安全，全面推行客车修制改革，应加大该系统的推广和运用。     

客车简明运行图CAD系统的设计功能及关键技术研究

鉴于铁路客车简明运行图编制与排版的特殊要求,根据系统设计目标和设计方法,研制出具有客车简明运行图自动生成、编辑、合成与输出功能的CAD软件系统。在对系统各模块的主要功能进行介绍的基础上,对系统设计中的主要关键技术进行了分析论述。     

关于客车清算实现方法的探讨

清算体制的建立和清算系统的运行，实现了铁路客运从市场上直接取得收入。对清算方法进行研究、探讨，是改革的需要。根据客车清算的定义、理论依据，对新旧客车清算的清算指标、计算公式，基础资料来源、收集、加工、汇总和生成，并对具体计算办法及技术关键进行对比，指出新的客车清算办法具有准确性高，效率高，适时性和应变能力强等优势。     

铁路客车运用管理系统研究

铁路客车运用管理系统是在铁路客车管理信息系统的基础上,实现客车的管理、虚拟编组和报表的打印输出等功能.在论述系统目标和主要功能的基础上,分析了旅客列车编组的基础数据、编挂条件和方案生成过程,以及客车运用管理系统中关键数据元素、数据表和系统模块的设计.通过实际应用,说明该系统能有效提高铁路运输企业的工作效率.     

厦门金旅混合动力公交获奖

近日，厦门金旅混合动力公交XML6125JHEV38C在第三届中国节能与新能源公交客车创新大赛上摘得“技术创新奖”和“最佳车型奖”两项大奖。大赛以“亮剑自主品牌、展示创新技术、推进应用发展”为主题。全国12家客车制造企业携16款新能源公交车同台竞技。经过道路性能和线路运行等各项测试、角逐，金旅混合动力以良好的操纵性能和低能耗脱颖而出。据介绍，厦门金旅可以根据客户需求提供三种解决方案：一是纯超级电容储能＋驱动电机直驱方案，针对道路不拥堵、没有爬长坡的城市路况，该方案系统结构成熟、高效、稳定。     

The impact of market opening on the supply of interregional train services

A stepwise deregulation of all interregional passenger rail services in Sweden was legally completed in 2010. The incumbent operator (SJ) thereby lost the sole rights to commercial services. The most evident supply increase is the establishment of services in the low-cost niche, which rather complements than competes with the incumbent’s supply. Public Transport Authorities’ (PTAs) joint services have however resulted in strong competition on at least one main line.Despite a period of almost five years since deregulation, the potential effects of the market opening have not yet fully materialised. The business risk for commercial rail operators seems to be much greater than for other modes like air and long distance coach services. SJ have also during decades of deregulated intermodal and years of intramodal competition developed their products and skills and seem well prepared for competition.     

Heavily regulated,but promising prospects: Entry in the German Express Coach Market

Domestic express coach services in Germany have long been heavily restricted by regulation, although offerings comparable to countries like, for example, Great Britain or Sweden bear substantial opportunities for competition, the environment, and mobility. In this paper, we motivate market entry in the German express coach market for local public and integrated transport companies by high profitability rates in other countries and the availability of bus facilities and skills. This is followed by the evaluation of supply and demand. Supply is represented by an analysis of external and internal costs showing that express coaches have significant cost advantages that are intensified by the possible internalization of external costs. Demand is represented by a survey of customers that is evaluated with a conjoint analysis. Our results suggest a market share for express coach services in Germany of at least 5.3%.     

Going steerage on Ryanair: cultures of migrant air travel between Poland and the UK

One of the most high profile migration movements to the UK in recent years has undoubtedly been that of A8, and mainly Polish, newcomers following the 2004 expansion of the EU. Accompanying, and perhaps fuelling, this increase in mobility has been a substantial rise in low cost air travel provision. The UK Civil Aviation Authority and the Civil Aviation Office of the Republic of Poland statistics testify to the expansion in passenger numbers between Poland and the UK since 2004, with Ryanair being one of the main carriers. Although other modes of transport, such as coach and car travel, are still important, in some senses these Ryanair flights define this new migration. Taking as a starting point that airports and airplanes are social and cultural venues in their own right, and that migration journeys are themselves at the heart of the migration experience, this article uses interviews with Polish migrants in the UK to consider this low cost air travel for migration in more depth. Firstly it briefly charts the increase in air travel between Poland and the UK, considering the narratives of mobility cultures collected with the migrants. Secondly it investigates the collective dimension of travelling for migration on these flights and the tensions which emerge around this collectivity. Finally, it reflects on the wider costs and contexts of low cost shuttle flights as a late capitalist mode of migration transport.     

Risks,resilience, and pathways to sustainable aviation: A COVID-19 perspective

This paper discusses the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to reconsider the foundations of the global aviation system. There is much evidence that air transport creates opportunities as well as risks. While the former accrue to businesses and individuals, risks are imposed on society. Pandemics, in which aviation has a role as a vector of pathogen distribution, as well as the sector's contribution to climate change are examples of long-standing negative externalities that continue to be ignored in assessments of aviation's economic performance and societal importance. As commercial aviation has shown limited economic resilience throughout its history, this short paper questions whether a return to business-as-usual, supported by very significant State aid payments, is desirable. The volume growth model championed by industry and aviation proponents may have to be replaced with an alternative model of a slimmed air transport system that is economically less vulnerable and accounting for its environmental impacts.     

The value and effects of introducing high standard train and bus concepts in Blekinge, Sweden

A set of improvements were introduced on a railway line in the south of Sweden in January 1992, including a new train concept, improved timetable and lower fares. The new train replaced a combination of old rail cars and standard coaches (bus). Furthermore, 18 months later, a new high comfort coach (bus) service was introduced as a complement to the train timetable to increase the number of departures. Forecasts from a national four-step model system, based on Revealed Preference data, which did not cover explanatory factors like mode concept, comfort, mode image, was made and compared with a forecast based on stated preference data choice model. Both type of forecasts were compared to travel statistics. Stated Preference data have been collected from car drivers, coach and train passengers. The set of improvements have been included in the SP alternatives presented to the subjects. A structured logit model, a regression model and a linear programming model are compared. Unstructured and structured logit models are compared. Logit models have been estimated and used to form a mode choice model which predicts the changes in market shares between the train and car. The choice model forecast coincide, accidentally, with actual demand 8–9 months after the introduction of the set of improvements (a 40% increase in journeys). The set of improvements, including the new train service, has proven to be a success with more than 100% increase in travel after only two years of operation. Differences in estimated logit models for 1991 and 1992 are explained as partly due to asymmetry effects and partly to shortcomings in the SP data collection technique. Logit model estimates for train and coach are compared. The value of high standard coach service, running in parallel to the train, is estimated. The new coach gained few new passengers and also a much lower monetary value than the train by both train and bus passengers.     

Responses of air cargo carriers to industrial changes

This study examines how product characteristics, values, inventory cost, shipping charges, shipping distance, and time affect an international firm's choice of air carrier. An individual choice model is constructed by assuming that the shipper in a specific industry chooses the optimal air cargo carrier with the minimal logistics cost. The study further aggregates air cargo demands on different routes for the carriers by considering the spatial distribution of the origin-destination pattern and any temporal changes in the industrial structure. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model using data from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and the industrial economics database in Taiwan. The results show that shippers with high product value and short delivery distance focus on the shipping charge and prefer choosing the air cargo carrier that offers more flights. Further a carrier may achieve a larger market share if its supply attributes match the industrial structure and the product characteristics of the market on the route. Finally, because dynamic changes in the industrial structure and product value have been captured, the results are more accurate than that from the Grey model.     

Determinants of blockchain adoption in the aviation industry: Empirical evidence from Korea

Recently, blockchain technology has gradually been used in the logistics and supply chain sector. However, research related to blockchain applications in aviation remains in its infancy. This research provides actionable insights into the determinants of blockchain adoption in the aviation industry. The technology acceptance model is applied to explain the aviation industry's intention to adopt blockchain technology for potential applications and future improvements. Six factors are developed by reviewing the literature. Moreover, a two-step structural equation modeling approach with confirmatory factor analysis is used to analyze the research data and test hypotheses in this study. Results reveal that tracking and tracing, digitalized management, air traffic management, regulatory governance and industry standards, and technological improvements and optimization on efficiency exert a positive influence on intention to use blockchain. Moreover, future improvements in regulatory governance and industry standards, and technological improvements and optimization on efficiency are demonstrated to enhance users' perceived usefulness in tracking and tracing, digitalized management, and air traffic management.     

Long-term manpower supply planning for air cargo terminals

Four strategic models, combining different manpower supply principles, flexible management strategies and related operating constraints, are developed to help an air cargo terminal manage its long-term manpower supply more effectively. The models are formulated as integer/mixed integer linear programs, which are solved using a mathematical programming solver. To evaluate how the models perform in practice, a case study, utilizing the operating data of a domestic air cargo terminal in Taiwan, is conducted. The preliminary test results show that the four models are efficient and effective, and could be applied to actual operations.