企业价值与并购交易定价

企业价值是一个不断发展的概念,而企业价值理论也随之处在变化之中.在现代企业中企业价值代表了企业股权和债权价值,具有特殊的性质.并购交易定价实际上就是并购双方不同企业价值理念动态博弈的结果.中国国有企业的并购定价存在许多问题,根源在于对企业价值认识得不准确、不清晰.     

Using Understanding Society to study intergenerational wealth mobility in the UK

Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study enables researchers to track individuals as they grow up and form new households, making it invaluable for studying the intergenerational persistence of outcomes including income, health and wealth. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Understanding Society relative to other datasets, and document patterns of attrition as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. We then use Understanding Society to document the intergenerational persistence of wealth in the UK. We find that the intergenerational persistence of wealth is greater than for earnings, and that only around half of the intergenerational persistence of wealth can be explained by the intergenerational persistence in earnings and education.     

保险法如实告知义务的司法裁量

如实告知义务制度是保险法的基本制度之一。虽然修改后的《保险法》对如实告知义务进行了完善,但仍无法详尽,如实告知义务实践和理论中的许多争议都必须依靠法院的自由裁量来解决。在投保人告知事项范围、告知义务主体、违反如实告知义务的法律后果等争议比较集中的典型问题上,应将理论与保险商事实践相结合,进行科学的司法裁量,构建和谐的保险秩序。     

对个人不良信息事先告知义务履行现状的调查分析

向金融信用信息基础数据库报送个人不良信息需事先告知信息主体本人,是我国《征信业管理条例》赋予信息主体知情权的一项重要内容。通过对青岛地区接入机构进行全面调查,分析个人不良信息事先告知义务履行现状、存在问题及带来的不利影响,揭示充分履行告知义务面临的实际困难,探索推动规范履行告知义务的可行性路径。     

参与式预算行为实验研究

本文介绍了序贯的讨价还价理论,并通过分析企业参与式预算活动与讨价还价行为的相似性,利用讨价还价模型,构建了本实验的基本模型。依据序贯理论研究参与式预算活动,设定了国有企业与民营企业背景下管理者角色的支付函数,与传统预算激励制度相比,对下属实行真实导向的预算激励制度时,会产生更高的预算值和更低的预算松弛,且预算成本小、效率高。     

税法总则立法框架下纳税义务体系的构建

纳税义务体系是税法总则的基础性概念,是现代税收债法建构的核心范畴。纳税义务体系在主体内容上包括纳税义务、扣缴义务和第二次纳税义务,与纳税义务有关的附随义务还有相关程序上的协力义务等相关义务。从程序上看,纳税义务的发生、履行与变更、消灭皆遵循税收程序法的明确规定,并因税种不同而存在差异。除了法定的明确纳税义务以外,在税法上还有类推适用与核定征收、溢缴税款与双重征税以及产生税收利息与滞纳金的特定情形,需要遵循交易实质、要件明确性和适度区分负担的原则加以解释和处理。我国应在税法总则立法框架下建构以纳税人为中心的纳税义务制度,并在具体税种制度中加以类型化并制定明确的规则要件,使得纳税义务体系在总则法、实体法和程序法上的理论与适用实现协调统一。     

The information content of closed-end country fund discounts

This paper examines whether premiums and discounts on closed-end country mutual funds (CECFs) contain useful information about future returns. We find that higher CECF premiums are associated both with higher future returns on the relevant foreign market index and with higher future NAV returns after controlling for the foreign market return. CECFs trading at large discounts are not necessarily bargains, because their future NAV performance can be expected to be relatively poor.     

新《保险法》下说明义务之履行

保险人说明义务的立法经过了一个逐渐完善的过程,新《保险法》以保护被保险人利益为目标,对说明义务作了更加严格的规定。原《保险法》中的责任免除条款修改为免除保险人责任的条款之后,保险人的说明范围大大扩展,包括不负赔付责任的条款、限制责任条款和涉及特定责任的条款。在说明方式上,宜采取书面解释与询问说明相结合的方式,以加强说明义务的可操作性和可证明性。同时,保险人的说明程度宜采取理性外行人标准。     

论税款缴纳义务履行顺位的确定——基于《税收征管法》第四十五条中的税收优先原则

我国《税收征管法》第四十五条设定了税收优先权:税务机关征收税款优先于无担保的普通债权及纳税人欠缴税款发生后以其财产设定抵押、质押或者财产被留置的担保债权,即纳税人的税款缴纳义务优先于普通债务给付义务和成立在后的附担保债务给付义务。一般情况下,和处于破产情形中税款缴纳义务的履行顺序问题侧重不同,故需从法际整合的角度出发,构建普适性的诸项给付义务的履行顺位规则。在法理上,通过确定不同税种欠缴税款发生时间,以厘清税款缴纳义务与附担保债务给付义务、职工薪酬给付义务之间的履行顺序。此外,税收与行政罚款、事业性收费、社保费用、滞纳金和附加税费等其他公法义务的履行顺位规则亦可结合税收公平原则和税收征管的立法意图进行构建。     

制度衔接与规则协调——保险人说明义务制度另一种视角的评析

作为解决保险交易信息不对称的制度之一,保险人说明义务制度需要和保单通俗化之间互动和衔接;作为格式条款法律控制体系中的一部分,说明义务制度也需要和格式条款控制的其他方法形成衔接.同样保险人说明义务制度内部也需要达到一般说明和明确说明的区分和协调.上述角度的研究对于评价以及完善我国保险人说明范围、履行和法律效果是一种有益的...     

论产品召回保险的性质

产品召回的前提是产品存在系统性缺陷而不管该缺陷是否已经造成损害.产品召回风险是一种或有的法定义务风险,即在一定条件下才存在的法定义务.召回费用是厂商履行召回义务的费用,而非民事损害赔款.因此,产品召回不是厂商对私法责任的承担而是对公法义务的履行.产品召回保险是一种义务保险而非责任保险,其标的应为整批产品虽存在系统性缺陷...     

共同富裕、贸易开放与中国的代际收入流动性

本文利用2002-2018年期间的中国家庭收入调查数据,系统考察了贸易开放对中国代际收入流动性的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)从整体上来看,贸易开放显著促进了中国的代际收入流动性,经内生性处理和稳健性检验,这一结论是成立的。(2)贸易开放主要通过促进子代教育、职业向上流动显著提高代际收入流动,但通过激励企业创新、提高子代个人努力程度的两个机制作用不显著。(3)贸易开放显著提高了男性子代的代际收入流动性,对女性子代的影响不显著,与此同时,还具有明显的“弱势群体”特点,显著提高了受教育水平较低子代、低收入家庭子代的代际收入流动性,有助于这类子代跳出“代际低收入传承陷阱”。本文研究提示贸易开放提高了中国的代际收入流动性,有利于促进共同富裕。在继续提高贸易开放水平的同时,应进一步重视提高低收入家庭子代的受教育水平,关注女性子代的收入问题。     

农村老年人代际经济反馈的影响因素分析——基于CHARLS全国基线调查数据

农村老年人代际经济反馈是本土化家庭养老研究领域的重要问题。论文运用"中国健康与养老追踪调查"(CHARLS)全国基线数据,以亲子两代分居家庭为研究对象,通过非条件logistic模型,分析了微观领域影响农村老年人代际经济反馈的因素。研究结果表明:在个体因素层面,年龄对代际经济反馈呈现正向显著性影响,受教育程度则为负向显著性影响;在家庭因素层面,子女数量以及对孙辈的投资状况等因素对农村老年人代际经济反馈存在着正向显著性影响。基于数据结果,论文提出了加强对农村高龄老年人的关注、加快农村养老制度建设以及积极提升家庭发展能力等对策。     

Nothing prepared me to manage AIDS

Articles and seminars about AIDS in the workplace are not adequate preparation for the genuine problems faced by actual managers in real organizations. There are no easy, win-win solutions to the impossible dilemmas AIDS presents, only various forms of damage control and, at best, more or less humane compromises. Gary Banas knows. Over a period of four years, two of his direct reports developed AIDS, and he watched them suffer through debility, slowly deteriorating performance, and eventual death. He also watched the gradual decline of their subordinates' productivity and morale. He found that, to different degrees, both men refused to acknowledge their illness and their decreasing organizational effectiveness. One of them resisted the author's efforts to give him an easier job at no loss in salary. Both insisted on confidentiality long after the rumor mill had identified their problem. In the course of these two consecutive ordeals, Banas discovered that AIDS patients fall into no single, neat category. AIDS is not an issue but a disease, and the people who get it are human beings first and victims second. He also learned that AIDS affects everyone around the sick individual and that almost every choice a manager makes will injure someone. Finally, he came to understand that while managers have an unequivocal obligation to treat AIDS-afflicted employees with compassion and respect, they have an equally unequivocal obligation to keep their organizations functioning. "Don't let anyone kid you," Banas warns. "When you confront AIDS in the workplace, you will face untenable choices that seem to pit your obligation to humanity against your obligation to your organization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Discounting and intergenerational equity

In this article, the author discusses three criteria for decision making in issues involving intergenerational social choice. He describes the implications of the adoption of each of these criteria, using the analogy of different voting methods. The discounting method is relegated to a comparatively humble role, that of eliminating intergenerationally inefficient programmes ; the actual choice of a programme, in those areas in which a decision may have very long-term, intergenerational effects, will be made by reference to equity criteria. The author argues that, in questions of intergenerational equity, the real work begins where discounting ends.     

新证券法下“投资者适当性义务”的实现路径——从“规则监管”到“原则监管”的转变

新证券法有关“投资者适当性义务”的规定反映了近年来国际上重视金融消费者保护的“行为监管”趋势。行为监管要求将原有单纯满足监管规范要件的“形式合规”转向以实现金融消费者保护为结果目标的“实质合规”,由此金融消费者保护方式呈现出从“规则监管”向“原则监管”的转向。同样地,本次修法将以往中国证监会具体、细化的投资者适当性规则上升为抽象的法定义务,这就决定了券商在销售证券或者提供服务的过程中不能完全以所谓的“程序合规”作为其完成“投资者适当性义务”的标准,而应以“程序合规+实质合规”来证明其对“投资者适当性义务”要求的满足。新证券法在投资者保护方面呈现出一种明显的“以结果为导向”的原则监管新思路。     

Ageing and the tax implied in public pension schemes: simulations for selected OECD countries

A key figure suited to measuring intergenerational imbalances in unfunded public pension schemes is given by the ‘implicit tax rate’ imposed on each generation's lifetime income. The implicit tax arises from the fact that, quite generally, pension benefits fall short of actuarial returns to contributions paid to these systems while actively working. Under current pension policies, implicit tax rates will increase sharply for younger generations in most industrialised countries. In this paper, this is illustrated for the cases of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Nevertheless, there are remarkable differences across countries regarding both the level of implicit taxes and their development over successive age cohorts, which can be attributed to differences in ageing processes and in the institutional features of national pension systems. In addition, we can demonstrate how effective different approaches to pension reform are in smoothing the intergenerational profile of implicit tax rates.     

保险人说明义务之涵义与规范属性辨析

与说明最近之术语有告知、提供、揭示、披露、警示、通知等。关于保险缔约信息提供义务,普遍使用的术语是说明义务、告知义务、资讯提供义务。对说明与告知、说明与信息提供、说明与明确说明相关概念进行语义学辨析,有益于对保险人说明义务之意义认识。对说明义务究属强制性规范或任意性规范、先契约义务或契约义务、主动义务或被动义务之讨论,对说明义务的实务运作具有指导意义。     

义务教育能提高代际流动性吗？

提高代际流动、促进机会均等对经济社会健康发展至关重要。本文基于2013年中国家庭收入调查数据和2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,利用1986年颁布的义务教育法在省份间的实施时间差异作为外生冲击,使用双重差分方法探究义务教育政策对代际流动的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,义务教育显著提高了代际之间的教育流动性,原因在于父母教育水平、职业层次、收入水平较低的孩子,受教育年限提升得更多。本文的政策含义在于,应当进一步发挥公共政策在提高代际流动性方面的作用,通过教育机会均等化来促进社会公平正义。