2000年～2013年我国国际收支结构变化详解

我国国际收支持续的双顺差结构一直是学术界关注的热点.步入新世纪后,我国国际收支结构借贷双方都呈现出快速增长的势头并且形成了经常账户和资本与金融账户两大账户的大量盈余.通过观察发现,这种双顺差的局面呈现其自身的特点,并且在不同的阶段呈现不同的结构特征.并且,中国国际收支结构的发展带有明显的政策烙印,双顺差的形成和发展持续性的趋势明显,推断2013年后短期内经常账户差额有占国际收支差额大头的趋势.     

练内功 促平衡

面对跨境资金流动双向波动风险和国际环境的不确定性,应坚持全局和局部相配套、治本和治标相结合、渐进和突破相促进,建立可持续的国际收支平衡机制。2012年,我国经常项目延续基本平衡,人民币汇率在均衡水平上保持基本稳定,"经常项目顺差、资本和金融项目逆差"的国际收支平衡新格局初步形成。这表明,近年来我国坚持实施"调结构、扩内需、减顺差、促平衡"的政策已取得成效。但前瞻地看,我国跨境资金流入反弹和大幅波动风险依然存在,国际收支自我平衡的基础尚不稳固,应加快建立、健全可持续的国际     

中国经常账户、资本和金融账户的差异分析

国际收支平衡关系到经济的可持续发展,而我国长期呈现的"双顺差"非平衡状态对我国经济造成的影响不容忽视。分析1990-2014年的经常账户、资本和金融账户数据,探究造成"双顺差"问题的原因,并提出针对性的政策建议,为我国宏观经济结构失衡的现状把脉问诊。     

中国国际收支平衡的长期变化趋势及影响因素

很多观察者都将近年来我国外汇储备大量增加的原因归结为国际收支的“双顺差”,即以货物贸易顺差为主导因素的经常账户顺差和由外商直接投资流入带来的资本与金融账户顺差。显然,货物贸易顺差与外商直接投资大量流入的确是我国外汇储备持续性增加的基础性因素。但是,另一方面,我们也应     

浅析国际收支失衡的原因

国际收支平衡问题对于一国经济健康、平稳发展具有十分重要的作用。本文针对我国目前国际收支的经常项目于资本项目"双顺差"现象的原因进行探析,从国际收支的基本概念入手,对国际收支失衡从经常账户和资本账户两个方面进行理论分析,最后从国内与国际两个方面总结出我国国际收支失衡的原因。探究国际收支失衡原因对进一步认识我国当前"双顺差"的收支失衡现状具有重要意义。     

“一顺一逆”国际收支格局下短期跨境资本流动影响因素研究

2015年以来出现国际收支逆差,并形成经常账户、非储备性质的金融账户"一顺一逆"的国际收支新格局,通过构建VAR模型实证分析了国际收支格局变化后人民币汇率、境内外利差等因素对我国短期跨境资本流动的影响。研究表明,我国短期跨境资本流动在国际收支"一顺一逆"新格局下,主要受境内外利差、国内外通胀率变化等因素影响,而人民币汇率、人民币汇率预期和经济增长率等因素的影响并不显著,进而围绕引导短期跨境资本合理流动、防范资本账户开放条件下短期跨境资本大规模流动的冲击提出政策建议。     

我国跨境人民币资金流动的趋势及影响分析

随着人民币国际化进程的加快和资本账户不断开放,跨境人民币资金流动日趋频繁,在跨境交易中的占比不断提高。人民币资金的跨境流动与外币资金有很大区别,如果不将人民币与外币区分开来,容易误读我国跨境资本流动的规模、方向和风险。本文对人民币在我国跨境资金流动中的发展现状、扮演角色、所处地位和影响因素进行了分析,并提出相关的政策建议。分析表明,境内外利差、汇差和人民币在资本账户下的政策,成为推动跨境人民币资金双向流动的重要因素。跨境人民币资金流动将带来一系列影响,我们应多措并举,促进跨境人民币资金有序流动。     

国际收支账户失衡的跨时均衡分析

我国国际收支经常账户和资本与金融账户已持续多年双顺差,2012年初步呈现国际收支平衡,而2013年再次恢复双顺差。本文探讨的是一段时间内的国际收支经常账户的失衡并不一定是坏事,按照比较优势理论,顺差国相对逆差国是具有相对优势的。第一期顺差的扩大对应第二期顺差的减少,逆差国相同。本文将用跨时均衡理论对中美贸易逆差进行动态均衡的分析,动态均衡即帕累托最优。     

我国经常账户的收入项目近况分析

国际收支在一定程度上是一国对外经济关系的直接体现,其对一国的货币汇率,对外经贸政策的制定,乃至整个国内经济的影响是不言而喻的。在国际收支中,经常账户的收入项目是连接经常账户与资本和金融账户的桥梁,通过对收入项目的分析可以进一步理解我国国际收支中持续呈现的"双顺差"现象。因此对我国近年来收入项目的近况进行总结,并结合资本与金融账户对收入项目进行比较细致的分析是十分必要的。     

国际收支“双顺差”的经济学思考

国际收支双顺差指的是国际收支中的经常账户收支与金融账户收支同时出现顺差的经济现象。国际收支的双顺差在1992年后的我国的大多数年份中存在。但有关国际收支双顺差的经济学含义及双顺差究竟是经济运行中的积极反映还是消极体现，国内经济学者较少探究。本文试图从国际收支平衡表的编制原理及国际收支各项目间存在     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…