Sources of Real Exchange Rate Variability:

The effect of real exchange rate variability on the demand for agricultural imports by developing countries has potentially important implications for U.S. exporters because of the potential for expanded trade. This study uses the Edwards model (1987) to investigate variations in monetary factors, terms-of-trade, and trade policy (openness) as sources of Trinidad and Tobago's real exchange rate variability. Given that the influence of these factors on the determination of real exchange rate variability may be affected by the way in which trade-weighted-exchange-rate indexes are constructed, indexes for corn and wheat were used. The results indicate that although reductions in terms-of-trade variation yield reductions in exchange rate variability, monetary disturbances display both of the real-exchange-rate-variability-increasing and decreasing effects depending on the index used. Thus, the results do not support any clear set of policy actions through which export opportunities could be expanded for U.S. agricultural commodities.     

Hybrid knowledge for understanding complex agri-environmental issues: nitrate pollution in Italy

Although agri-environmental policies have been launched by the European Union to mitigate environmental pollution and sustain agricultural development, there is not much understanding of how to manage the asymmetries between the objectives and the effectiveness of the implementation of the policies on local scale. The nitrate directive (ND) is an emblematic case in this context. This research focused on the role of ‘hybrid knowledge’ (scientific and local) and the process of knowledge integration in understanding the nitrate problem as an agri-environmental issue emerging from a complex set of biophysical and social factors. We conducted an integrated analysis of a case study on nitrate pollution in an intensive dairy district under Mediterranean conditions. A participatory action research approach was applied to elicit stakeholders’ knowledge and perspectives and to create new learning spaces among farmers, researchers and policy makers at case study scale. We explored the effectiveness of social learning triggered due to participatory field experiments, by bringing together stakeholders to generate new ‘hybrid knowledge’ for agri-environmental sustainability. The dramatic shift from the initial defensive position of farmers to an agreement on concerted actions proved that the integration between local and scientific knowledge may contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of the ND.     

利益相关者视角下森林认证绩效评价——以东北国有森工企业为例

基于利益相关者视角,采用因子分析法对东北国有森工企业森林认证的满意度进行分析,将森林认证的效果分为经济、社会和生态效益三类。通过重要性——绩效图,对森林认证的期望与满意度进行分析,并对影响森林认证利益相关者满意度的因素进行回归分析。研究表明:利益相关者对森林认证的期望很高,但并没有完全达到满意。3个主因子对满意度均有影响,其中生态和经济因素对森林认证的满意度有显著影响,总体上利益相关者对森林认证相对满意。基于研究提出增强企业能力建设;加强政府能力建设;增强供应链下游企业购买力,加强森林认证产品的营销力度;鼓励国内大型零售商加强管理,保证木材产品的来源可靠;建立公众参与机制等建议。     

Western Canadian producers’ attitudes towards wheat breeding funding

In 2017, the federal government initiated national consultations for two new crop royalty systems that could be used to support additional crop breeding. In this study, we examine wheat growers’ attitudes towards breeding research and assess their inclination to contribute more to wheat variety development through checkoffs or enhanced royalties. We report a random effect probit estimation for a survey of 877 western Canadian wheat producers that took place from November 2018 to January 2019. We found at least 26% of survey respondents were willing to pay more to support additional wheat breeding. However, this support is contingent on the model for revenue collection and where additional revenue is invested. Producers generally favored increased checkoffs over enhanced royalty collection. Among the royalty options presented, the farm saved seed royalties mechanism had less support than the simpler to implement end-point royalties mechanism. We also found support is much higher if new royalty mechanisms are used to support university or government programs versus private breeding programs. This result suggests developing widespread producer support for enhanced royalty collection may require broader commitments for funding, ownership, and control of crop breeding programs.     

水产养殖与植被恢复对红树林湿地土壤的影响

通过对原生红树林、养殖虾塘和鸭塘、废弃虾塘表层土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、土壤微生物总DNA以及土壤有机碳指标测定,得到养殖对红树林湿地土壤的影响以及红树林恢复对废弃虾塘土壤的修复作用。结果显示：原生红树林中的全氮和土壤有机碳含量较高;废弃虾塘A的全氮和废弃虾塘B的土壤有机碳最低;全磷含量在鸭塘最高,在废弃虾塘B最低;全钾在废弃虾塘A中的含量较其他4个样地高,最低值为鸭塘;土壤表层微生物总DNA浓度为鸭塘最高,废弃虾塘A最低;土壤C/N随着土壤微生物总DNA的升高而降低。植被恢复后,废弃虾塘土壤中土壤有机碳、全氮升高,全钾逐渐下降,而全磷变化较大,且这4个指标总体逐渐接近原生红树林中相应指标值。说明废弃虾塘植被恢复后,土壤性质逐步接近原生红树林土壤,红树林对废弃虾塘土壤有修复功能。     

利益相关者视角下大学生节约粮食教育长效机制研究

中国高校粮食浪费现象十分严重,大学生节约粮食教育的长效机制亟待建立.借鉴利益相关者理论,通过识别和划分,将各类不同的利益相关者依次划分为核心型、紧密型、边缘型三个层次并进行角色定位和利益诉求分析,围绕核心利益相关者,探寻其面临的主要利益冲突.从领导层、组织层、实践层、维护监督层、参与层五个层面提出构建大学生节约粮食教育...     

自然保护区相关利益者分析及其冲突管理 --以天目山自然保护区为例

通过对天目山自然保护区管理局、西天目乡政府、周边社区不同类型村民代表等主要相关利益者的12个小组访谈,及104个农户和59个社会公众的问卷调查,分析了天目山自然保护建设中,自然保护区管理者、当地政府、以农林收入为主的社区农民和以非农林收入为主的社区农民等主要相关利益者的需求取向;指出自然保护区与周边社区居民之间主要冲突是:⑴野生竹笋抚育经营受限,社区居民经济收入减少;⑵补偿措施不到位,社区居民预期收益未能兑现;⑶保护区总体规划滞后,当地项目投资开发受限。最后,提出了自然保护区与周边社区冲突管理的基本框架和重点内容。     

我国水产养殖的直接能耗及碳排放研究

在应对全球气候变化、践行节能减排战略的背景下,水产养殖也将朝低碳高效发展。从单位养殖水面、单位产量、单位产值等多角度对水产养殖的直接能耗、人工消耗及其产生的温室气体排放进行测算,并对全国主要淡水鱼主产省进行对比,结果表明,陕西、广东属高耗能高排放序列,湖北、安徽、江苏则属于低耗能低排放序列,而各省在机械和人工替代方面也有差异。为促进我国发展低碳养殖,可以尝试率先在有条件的省份出台低碳养殖发展规划,积极扶持规模化养殖、推行环境认证制度,鼓励水产养殖中使用可再生能源,积极引入环境经济手段。     

我国国家公园体制建设中利益相关者关系研究

我国自然保护地将国家公园作为主体,保护具有国家代表性的生态系统和自然景观的原真性和完整性,同时具有全民公益性。从利益相关者视角出发,以国家公园管理部门、旅游投资公司和社区居民为主要利益相关者,分析三者的行为目标与策略选择,通过三方博弈提出解决国家公园体制建设过程中的最优策略,即应改变管理部门与旅游投资企业在国家公园试点中进行不合作博弈的狭隘认知,而应选择国家公园管理部门、旅游投资企业和社区居民三方合作博弈。同时,提出了相应的建议以期进一步保护国家公园自然资源并将可持续利用制度顺利实行。     

鲤科鱼类池塘养殖技术效率的研究

本文应用随机边界产量函数对我国鲤科鱼类池塘养殖的技术效率进行了分析。通过对全国7个省283个渔场的鲤科鱼类池塘养殖生产情况的分析，表明我国鲤科鱼类池塘养殖总体技术效率水平较高，平均技术效率水平达到70．8％。本文还对影响技术效率的主要因子进行了分析，并就如何进一步提高我国水产养殖生产的技术效率进行了探讨。     

基于相关利益者视角的生态公益林补偿问题研究——以江西省为例

生态公益林补偿政策涉及多方相关利益者,了解不同利益相关者对该政策的态度与认知,对进一步完善该政策、提高政策实施效率提供客观依据。文章以江西省和铜鼓县、以及三都镇大槽村为三级调查对象,采用参与式调查分析方法,以受偿方的利益相关者为重点,分别对省、县、乡林业管理部门,村委会、林农以及木材加工厂等利益相关者进行半结构访谈、关键人物访谈、群体讨论和问卷调查,在整理相关利益者各自看法基础上,分析问题存在的根源并提出相应政策建议。     

征地冲突中利益相关者的博弈分析——以地方政府与失地农民为例

研究目的：构建地方政府与失地农民的博弈模型,找出促使均衡结果合理化的因素变化关系。研究方法：博弈论。研究结果：减小失地农民的维权成本,增加失地农民的征地收益,加大对地方政府违法征地的惩罚力度,可以促使地方政府与失地农民之间博弈均衡更合理化,可以有效抑制地方政府违法征地的冲动,减少失地农民上访维权的现象,避免征地冲突的发生,促进社会经济和谐发展。     

Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Seafood Made in Europe

Sustainability of increasing relevance also for seafood markets. The aim of this contribution is to analyze consumer preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for different sustainability claims, and to identify consumer segments according to their WTP. The contingent valuation method was applied to elicit consumers’ WTP in eight European countries. The WTP varies between seven and almost 20%, depending on attribute and country. Three consumer groups become apparent: the largest group without any additional WTP, a smaller group with a moderate additional WTP of plus 17%, and a very small group with an additional WTP of more than 40%. Clear differences between countries are obvious regarding preferences for different sustainability attributes, particularly in the segment with the highest WTP. A fraction of the consumers is willing to pay significantly higher prices for sustainably produced fish from Europe: given that trustful standards are applied and well communicated.     

我国渔业产量增长与结构变化关系的分析

采用部门结构与moore结构研究了1978～2000年我国渔业产量结构的演变情况。研究结果表明，我国水产品部门结构变化与产量增长具有“一增一减”的变化规律，且增加和减少的幅度逐渐变小，这表明我国水产品部门结构日益趋向于合理化。     

森林生态资产运营环境及利益相关者分析——以东北重点国有林区为例

应用经济学、政策学等原理对国有林区森林生态资产运营环境进行分析的结果表明:生态资产经营和管理具有其独特性,生态资产市场并未形成,国有林区森林生态资产的运营以政府投资为主;国有林区在森林生态资产市场化运营方面具有资源、成本、政策等优势条件,存在运营资金不足、生态理念缺失、资源结构性问题等阻碍因素。针对存在的阻碍因素,从政策网络角度对其利益相关者进行了分析,并提出实现国有林区森林生态良性运营的4个建议。     

我国近海捕捞业中的利益博弈研究

文章首先界定了我国近海捕捞业中的三个利益相关者——中央政府、地方政府和捕捞者;其次对各利益相关者之间的博弈分别进行了分析,认为中央政府与地方政府之间存在委托代理关系,它们的博弈形式是有限次重复博弈,地方政府与捕捞者之间的博弈是不完全信息动态博弈并存在混合战略纳什均衡,而捕捞者之间博弈则类似于"公地悲剧";最后,基于利益协调思想对各个利益相关者分别提出了近海渔业资源保护的相应措施,为我国近海渔业资源可持续利用制度的完善提供科学依据。