我国环境保护投融资的投资效率分析

对环境保护投融资投资效率的评价,通常是从经济、社会、环境改善等方面的评价加以展开,而环境保护投融资运作效率的有效发挥是与区域的经济发展水平、金融深化度、投资者理念及行为选择等密切相关。从现实的角度来分析与衡量环境保护投融资的运作效率,可从环境保护投资的产出效果即环境效益、投资的经济效益与运营所产生的社会效益等方面进行综合分析。     

Inward investment and industrial competitiveness

Inward investment—foreign direct investment in subsidiaries and joint ventures—has played an important part in Europe's post-war development as multinational firms, particularly American multinationals, became a major feature of many European economies. Latterly, we have seen an increasing presence also from Japan and other South-East Asian countries, as well as a resurgence of intra-European investment. What has been the effect of this on the competitiveness of European industry?     

Effects of the euro on trade, capital markets and the international monetary system

The implications of the introduction of the euro undoubtedly reach far beyond Europe. How will the rest of the world be affected? What role will the euro play as an international trading, investment and reserve currency? Will it be able to function as a stabilising element in the international monetary system?     

New forms of foreign investment in developing countries

To a growing extent, since the early 1970s “new forms” of foreign investment have developed which constitute a departure from full ownership of the capital by the foreign investor and the practice of “packaged” management services. What view is to be taken of these new forms of investment from the development policy aspect?     

替代出口还是促进出口——我国对外直接投资对出口的影响研究

自2002年以来,我国对外直接投资发展迅猛,迅速增长的对外直接投资会促进我国对东道国的出口还是会用海外生产来替代我国对该国的出口呢?本文结合我国对外直接投资与出口贸易的现实情况,通过构建一个影响出口的引力模型,并利用我国2004-2010年35个国家的面板数据进行了混合回归模型分析。研究结果表明,我国对外直接投资对出口贸易存在明显的促进作用,且无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,这种促进效应都存在。因此,对于我国目前而言,无论是对发达国家的逆向上行投资,还是对发展中国家的顺向下行投资,都是具有贸易创造效应的海外投资。     

Keeping Public Institutions Invested in Tobacco

Increasingly through the 1990s, tobacco control advocates questioned the practice of public institutions investing in tobacco company stocks. The questioning was framed in at least three ways. First, is it ethical to fund public expenditures with profits from a product that causes addiction and disease? Second, is it sound social policy to derive public income from a product that increases healthcare costs and reduces worker productivity? Finally, is it sound fiscal policy to invest in an historically profitable industry facing multiplying legal and regulatory challenges? While the tobacco industry preferred to restrict discussion to the fiscal question, and offered an affirmative answer, its position was weakened by depressed stock prices brought on by actions of the industry as much as by tobacco control activism. As part of a campaign to restore its credibility as an investment vehicle with public fund managers, Philip Morris (PM) commissioned a report from the influential investment managers/advisors Wilshire Associates. However, Wilshire had only recently conducted such a study for the Washington State Investment Board (WSIB), assuring the board that the value tobacco stocks added to an investment portfolio – if any – was too small to be measured. Nonetheless, within a year, Wilshire produced a report for PM which appeared to laud the investment value of tobacco and to dismiss tobacco-excluded investment alternatives. This paper examines how Wilshire produced apparently diametrically opposed reports for clients with different interests. It reveals a pattern of potential conflicts of interest among tobacco companies, financial analysis firms, investment authorities, and institutional fund managers. It demonstrates substantial violations of two generally accepted ethical principles of business consulting: veracity and transparency.     

Challenges from new trends in foreign direct investment

Foreign direct investment flows to developing countries have undergone major changes in recent years, both regarding their scope and their determinants. This article reviews some new trends in this area and focuses specifically on their implications for export processing zones which in the past have been a widely used instrument to attract foreign investment. How are they affected by the new developments and what can be their role in the future?     

Foreign direct investment in Central Europe

Central European governments see foreign direct investment (FDI) as one of the main macroeconomic mechanisms for stabilizing the volatile process of economic and political transition. What are the favorite destinations of FDI in Central Europe? What are the motives of Western investors? Why does the amount of FDI vary so much between countries?     

Return on investment for workplace training: the Canadian experience

One of the central problems in managing technological change and maintaining a competitive advantage in business is improving the skills of the workforce through investment in human capital and a variety of training practices. This paper explores the evidence on the impact of training investment on productivity in 14 Canadian industries from 1999 to 2005. Our productivity analysis demonstrates that in 12 out of 14 industries, training had a positive effect on productivity. However, when the analysis is put within a financial context, the return on investment was positive in only four industries. Faced with negative rates of return, why should managers in most of the industries in the study promote investment in training? Probably the best explanation is that new technology requires an investment in training. The investment in training is necessary just for the firm to maintain its current labour productivity. Employee turnover necessarily impedes the efficacy of training, because trained workers leave, and untrained workers arrive. Thus, training in this instance again is necessary just to maintain current labour productivity.     

What a Difference a Year Makes: Time Lag Effect of Information Technology Investment on Firm Performance

How long does it take for a firm to realize the performance benefits of its IT investment? This article explores the time lag effects of IT investment on firm performance. Using longitudinal data of 1421 firm-time observations over a period of six years (1991–1996) as the initial time point of IT investment, we examined time lag effect on firm performance in a five-year time window. The performance data for the sample spans 12 years, from 1989 to 2000. The results demonstrate a strong support for time lag effects on the relationship between IT investment and firm performance. Specifically, our study found that it took an average of approximately three to four years after the year of investment for the firms in our sample to realize the greatest performance benefits. The findings offer useful implications for researchers and managers to better understand the link between IT and firm performance so that they can make wiser decisions to maximize the business value of their investments.     

股票投资价值灰色马尔可夫预测

传统的资产估价理论,即“稳固基础理论”和“空中楼阁理论”使人们认识到,股票的内在价值与投资者的心理价值都对投资行为起着重要的作用,但对于一般投资者来说,如何在信息不完全的条件下得到股票的投资价值呢?灰色马尔可夫预测方法在股票价格预测中应用理论基础,运用修正方法,能为投资者的投资决策行为提供一定的指导。     

The influence of online information on investing decisions of reward-based crowdfunding

How does online information influence investor decisions? Funders or investors have access to a variety of information about a project or product when they make investment decisions. Which kind of information affects investor behavior the most? Based on the elaboration likelihood model, we developed a research model and conducted an empirical study using objective data collected from a Chinese crowdfunding website. It was found that signals of quality and electronic word of mouth have significant positive effects on funder investment decisions. Results show that larger introduction word counts and video counts make funders feel the project has higher quality, and higher “Like” counts and online reviews make funders feel the project has good electronic word of mouth. Furthermore, analysis of the data here reveals that the central route information (signals of project quality) and the peripheral route information (e-word of mouth) have almost equal effects on funder investment decisions in the Chinese crowdfunding context. On the other hand, the central route was significantly more important for Science & Technology and Agriculture projects, whereas the peripheral route was more important for Entertainment and Art projects.     

The pecking order of cross-border investment

Is there a pecking order of cross-border investment in that countries become financially integrated through some types of investment rather than others? Using a novel database of bilateral capital stocks for all types of investment - FDI, portfolio equity securities, debt securities as well as loans - for a broad set of 77 countries, we show that such a pecking order indeed exists. The paper focuses on two key determinants of this pecking order: information frictions and the quality of host country institutions. Overall, we find that in particular FDI, and to some extent also loans, are substantially more sensitive to information frictions than investment in portfolio equity and debt securities. We also show that the share as well as the size of FDI that a country receive are largely insensitive to institutional factors in host countries, while portfolio investment is by far the most sensitive to the quality of institutions. This provides new evidence in favor of some hypotheses but contradicts others put forward in the literature on trade in financial assets.     

Evaluation as an Organisational Development Tool

What do you do with a failed evaluation? That is, can positive outcomes come out of a situation where a return on investment cannot be demonstrated? This study highlights the value of the ROI method in providing direction at the macro‐level even when level 4 and 5 evaluations are unable to be ascertained. By taking a macro‐level view, the researcher was able to provide positive feedback and recommendations for further organisational development.     

Sustainable consumption and the financial sector: analysing the markets for responsible investment in Hong Kong and Japan

The origins of the modern socially responsible investment (SRI) movement can be traced to the turbulent period in the 1960s when powerful social undercurrents including environmentalism and anti‐war activism fuelled a rise, in a radical change, in the way society viewed faith, values and commerce. Today, nearly 1 out of every US$9 under professional management in the US is currently invested using social investment strategies while the European green and ethical investment market is estimated to be €1 trillion or as much as 10–15% of the total funds under management. While some preliminary figures and analyses exist for countries outside these two regions, SRI has been, to date, largely explored within the context of North America and Europe. This is unfortunate as the sustainability of SRI as a consumer market is going to depend, to a great extent, to what happens outside of North America and Europe, and most notably in the rapidly developing Asian economies. In this article, I will explore the development of SRI as a mainstream financial consumer instrument in industrialized (Japan) and emerging (Hong Kong/China) economies of the Asia Pacific region. To fully analyse the SRI market development in Hong Kong and Japan, I will examine the following three issues and questions: first, how does the sustainable consumption framework offer a useful lens from which to explore SRI, and why is the Asia Pacific market and policy context so important for the broader issue of sustainable consumption? Second, what precisely is SRI and how did it develop into an important global financial investment vehicle? Third, how did the SRI market develop in the case of Hong Kong and Japan? I will then conclude the article with some analysis on the important lessons SRI market development in Hong Kong and Japan hold for market sustainability of the financial sector and sustainable consumption.     

有关QFII制度若干问题的思考

合格境外机构投资者证券投资管理暂行办法 ,(QFII)的引进 ,并于 12月 1日正式实施。究竟为中国资本市场带来了什么 ?是大量吸引了外资 ,进而完善壮大了我国的资本市场 ,还是冲击了国内资本市场 ,干扰了资本市场的正常运行。弄清这一问题对我国资本市场的完全开放具有十分重要的意义。     

海外研发与FDI技术外溢的实证分析

近年来,跨国公司对华研发投资发展迅速,理论界迫切需要回答一个现实问题,即海外研发投资是否促进了我国FDI的技术外溢效应?本文运用我国28个行业的面板数据,以道格拉斯生产函数为基础计量方程,通过"外资R&D介入强度"作为分组指标展开分组检验。回归结果证实海外研发投资有助于FDI技术外溢效应的产生,在此基础上,文章给出了具体的政策建议及进一步的研究展望。     

Vulture Investors, Predators of the 90s: An Ethical Examination

Investment in financially distressed companies has taken place since the end of the depression. But a new breed of predatory activist investors called "vultures" has emerged in recent years. They take sizable debt positions in insolvent companies with the intention of significantly increasing the value of their investment through aggressive negotiation either in bankruptcy or in pre-bankruptcy restructurings. Predators thrive on adversarial conflict. Vulture investment is legal, but is it morally acceptable? This paper argues that the strategies and tactics of vultures may be very unpleasant, but in themselves these are insufficient grounds for moral censure.     

The Regulation of Retail Investment Services in the EU: Towards the Improvement of Investor Rights?

Despite the fact that a substantial body of European Community (EC) law already exists to protect retail investors, the markets in retail investment services and products in the EU remain fragmented. Moreover, the recent financial crisis has undermined investor confidence in financial markets more generally, and “packaged” retail investment products (PRIP), such as investment funds or life insurance policies, in particular. To rebuild retail investor confidence in PRIP by empowering retail investors to make active use of their rights, in 2009 the European Commission proposed to extend the provisions of the 2004 Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) to PRIP. Is the MiFID, however, fit for the purpose which the Commission has in mind? This contribution explores to what extent the MiFID actually confers rights on retail investors and empowers them to make use of these rights. The author concludes that investor rights and remedies should be taken more seriously when making European financial services law. The current overhaul of the EC legal framework for the provision of investment services provides a good opportunity to do so.     

人工智能经济学的思想端倪及建构路径

人工智能技术的广泛运用正在悄然改变人类物质文明和精神文明。文章认为人工智能对社会经济、政治、文化乃至对意识形态的影响，已经展露出可建构人工智能经济学的思想端倪。基于数字经济的发展，需要解释人工智能会在哪些方面通过市场机制对厂商投资经营发生作用；厂商运用人工智能技术究竟能在多大程度上提供有效供给和预测需求，厂商在未来普遍采用大数据分析和人工智能技术进行投资经营选择时，社会经济实践会在多大范围内要求经济学家修正微观经济学基础的理性选择理论、厂商理论和产业组织理论；假若大数据分析和人工智能技术在未来果真会引发经济学革命，经济学家如何探寻人工智能经济学的建构路径等。文章拟依据微观经济学原理对以上诸问题作出分析性描述，对有可能在理论上站得住脚的人工智能经济学的建构路径展开研究，以期达到相对前卫的理论认知。