股票收益与通货膨胀悖论及其原因

自从20世纪70年代以来，通货膨胀成为当今世界各国普遍存在的经济现象。费雪效应表明，股票可以抵御通货膨胀，是一种良好的套期保值资产。但是，20世纪70年代以来国内外大量的实证研究表明。股票收益率与通货膨胀率之间并不存在正相关关系，而是呈负相关关系。本文对股票收益与通货膨胀问负相关关系的原因进行了系统总结和梳理。     

中央银行独立性、责任性与通货膨胀目标制

近年来不少学者提出,我国货币政策应转向通货膨胀目标制。我国现行的政策实际上正是一种隐性的通货膨胀目标制,20世纪90年代以来所发生的几次通货膨胀偏倚很大程度上是由于央行的独立性不够。鉴于通货膨胀目标制并不能解决当前我国货币政策调控中的问题并可能带来更多的问题,今后货币政策改革应坚持由直接调控向间接调控、由数量型调控向价格型调控的转变思路,在提高央行独立性的同时,增强其责任性并提高货币政策的透明度。     

新经济地理理论研究的新进展

新经济地理理论的创始人保罗·克鲁格曼以规模报酬递增而导致的不完全竞争市场结构为假设前提,在一般均衡模型下讨论了空间经济问题,区别于传统经济地理理论,它引发了众多国外学者从理论扩展及实证分析等层面进行深入研究。本文主要从扩大理论菜单、实证研究以及福利与政策研究三个方面入手,着重回顾了20世纪90年代以及21世纪以来的国外学者关于新经济地理理论的研究成果,期望通过对理论研究的梳理,总结和借鉴区域发展的应对政策。     

我国实行通货膨胀目标制的适用性分析

20世纪90年代以来,通货膨胀目标制货币政策成为一种趋势.文章从通货膨胀目标制的基本框架入手,阐述了通货膨胀目标制在各国的实践特点,针对我国政策中介目标的选择,对我国目前是否应该实行通货膨胀目标制进行适用性分析,提出了虽然短期之内我国暂不适合采用通货膨胀目标制,但从长期来看仍不失为一种合理选择这些看法.     

稳态通货膨胀下经济增长率的估计

本文从产品市场价格变动出发,解释了经济增长影响通货膨胀的原因,并讨论了稳定通货膨胀的经济增长率的概念。同时,利用季度数据从实证的角度分析了过去1 4年中国经济增长与通货膨胀之间的变动情况,估计出2 0世纪90年代以来中国“稳定通货膨胀的经济增长率”(SIRG ,SteadyInflationRateofEconomicGrowth)大致维持在9.8%左右     

浅谈弗里德曼的现代货币主义

20世纪70年代现代货币主义作为一个很早就反对凯恩斯主义的学派而受到广泛的关注。它与凯恩斯主义在很多方面有很大分歧,而它的主要理论有通货膨胀理论,自然失业率理论等。当然它也提出了一系列的经济政策以来缓解当时的国际经济危机。     

通货膨胀目标制及在我国的可行性研究

20世纪90年代以来,许多国家采用了通货膨胀目标制规则的货币政策并在稳定经济方面取得了显著的效应,本文以IMF的研究框架,对通货膨胀目标制是否适合我国的国情进行了分析,结论是该制度是我国今后货币政策的改革方向,但目前条件还不是太成熟。     

通货膨胀动态性质的理论阐释和实证揭示——《短期通货膨胀动态:理论和中国实证》评介

短期通货膨胀动态的性质是宏观经济学研究的核心问题之一。如何在短期宏观经济分析中挑选最重要的方程,用来描述短期通货膨胀动态的菲利普斯曲线无疑是其中之一。可以说,20世纪60年代以来宏观经济学的发展脉络同关于菲利普斯曲线的研究进展息息相关。特别是近十余年来,短期通货膨胀动态研究更是取得了重大进展。新凯恩斯主义宏观经济学将不完全竞争和价格     

图书推介

《通货膨胀目标制：国际经验》（美）本·S．伯南克等著／东北财经大学出版社／2006年6月 本书由现任关联储主席伯南克等人根据20世纪90年代以来一些实行通货膨胀目标制的国家的经验提炼而成。它以案例研究的方式，对这些国家在实行通货膨胀目标制过程中面临的重大宏观经济问题进行了深入的分析，对货币政策的决策和执行的经验做了系统的总结。     

试论通货膨胀定标的货币政策规则在我国的适用性

从实践上看,20世纪90年代中有些国家采用了通货膨胀定标的货币政策规则,达到了一定的经济增长和稳定的通货膨胀的效果。本文以此为出发点,首先分析了通货膨胀定标框架下的货币政策的优点与缺点,然后指出了就这一框架运行成功的前提条件,最后对我国央行采取通货膨胀定标的可行性和适用性进行探讨。     

The negative side of inflation targeting: revisiting inflation uncertainty in the EMU

ABSTRACT

This article tests the Friedman–Ball hypothesis for the European Monetary Union (EMU) countries, using a GARCH methodology. The empirical results show a positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, largely supportive of the Friedman–Ball hypothesis. Furthermore, the ECB’s price stability mandate is found to have asymmetric, if not limited, effects on inflation uncertainty since 1999, with the findings different for the so-called peripheral countries when compared to the core. For the majority of the EMU countries, shifts away from the 2% target served to increase inflation uncertainty. The credibility of the ECB since the financial crisis, in attempting to meet its 2% inflation target has seen inflation uncertainty increase for some, likely driven by inflation failing to re-anchor. Furthermore, recent periods of deflation are found to generate inflation uncertainty, with short-term price variability increasing in line with observed negative price growth for the majority of the EMU countries. The results are supportive of a U-shaped relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty. Using spline techniques, we formally provide support for such a U-shaped relation where inflation uncertainty broadly increases below a certain threshold for each country’s inflation rate. Asymmetric effects across countries are found in the level of this threshold.     

我国通货膨胀率均值过程和波动过程中的双长记忆性度量与统计检验

This paper uses the ARFIMA-FIGARCH model to investigate the China’s monthly inflation rate from January 1983 to October 2005. It is found that both first moment and second moment of inflation have remarkable long memory, indicating the existence of long memory properties in both inflation level and inflation uncertainty. By the Granger-causality test on inflation rate and inflation uncertainty, it is shown that the inflation level affects the inflation uncertainty and so supports Friedman hypothesis. Therefore, as for policy maker, they should roundly concerns on long memory properties of inflation and inflation uncertainty, and their single-direction relationship between them. __________ Translated from Guanli shijie 管理世界 (Management World), 2007, (7): 14–21     

Decomposing household,professional and market forecasts on inflation: a dynamic factor model analysis

A dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility is used to investigate the relationships between three alternative measures of inflation expectations. The results show evidence of both a common time-varying trend and a common transitory component between inflation and short-term inflation expectations from households, professionals and markets. While the common time-varying trend has declined in both level and volatility since the early 1980s, it was found that consumer expectations are disproportionately influenced by the visibility of prices of select few goods. Roughly speaking, a 1% point increase in food and energy prices leads to about 1/3% point increase in consumer forecasts of inflation. In terms of policymaking, this finding suggests that stability in highly visible prices can moderate inflation in a meaningful way.     

The link between inflation and inflation uncertainty: Evidence from G7 countries

In this paper we adopt the Markov-switching heteroscedasticity model to analyse the inflation series for G7 countries and examine the interaction between inflation rate and its uncertainty over both the short- and long-run. It is found that the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty depends on whether the shock is permanent or transitory. The relationship also differs from country to country. High uncertainty about long-run inflation is associated with a significant positive shift in inflation for Canada, Germany, and Japan. High uncertainty about short-run inflation is associated with a significant positive shift in inflation for Germany and USA, and a significant negative shift in inflation for Canada. The modelling approach employed in this paper is empirically supported by various diagnostics including the Vuong test. We also derive the two components of the variance of inflation forecast for a particular forecast horizon. It is found that the inflation uncertainty increases at all horizons in the middle of 1970s and return to the low level in the middle of 1980s.First version received: June 2001/Final version received: October 2003We would like to thank three anonymous referees for many helpful comments and suggestions.     

Inflation volatility,economic growth and monetary policy in Bangladesh

This article provides an overview of the trends and movements of CPI-inflation in Bangladesh since the early 1950s and examines the key issues in rule-based monetary policy for price stability, implying low and stable inflation, in this country. Under a fixed exchange rate system, inflation in Bangladesh was moderately high and volatile during the 1950s and 1960s. Since the country’s independence from Pakistan in 1971, inflation in Bangladesh has remained moderately high on average and highly volatile and persistent under a fixed-pegged exchange rate system or under a managed floating system since 2003. Using data from the early 1970s or earlier depending on data availability, the article undertakes both Granger-causality and the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) analysis with two models. The first model is comprised of such variables as inflation, the real interest rate, the real exchange rate and output growth, and the second model is comprised of the volatilities of money growth, real output growth and inflation. Then, based on the empirical findings, the article concludes that a rule-based monetary policy, namely monetary targeting or inflation targeting, remains appropriate for Bangladesh provided that it adopts a more flexible, if not freely floating, exchange rate system. The article suggests that the use of monetary policy to achieve multiple objectives under a fixed-pegged exchange rate system creates a time-inconsistency problem, reduces monetary policy credibility and makes it (monetary policy) ineffective in lowering inflation and its volatility. Low credibility of monetary policy in particular raises inflation persistence. Within the present monetary-policy framework in Bangladesh, the article illustrates how the fixed-pegged exchange rate system has generated money growth volatility in the presence of large-scale inflows of overseas workers’ remittances and readymade garments export earnings. This does not seem to be a concern of the central bank of Bangladesh (Bangladesh Bank); rather, it (Bangladesh Bank) pursues monetary-base targeting to keep inflation low and stable after considering economic growth. The consequent diminishing credibility of monetary policy has kept inflation volatile and persistent, which has adversely affected economic growth.     

通货膨胀目标制的模式及作用机制浅探

通货膨胀目标制是20世纪90年代兴起的一种新的货币政策框架,目前已经在不同地区、不同类型的国家中得到了广泛的应用,并取得良好的效果。通货膨胀这一经济现象是无法完全消灭的,而其失控会不可避免的对经济各方面造成不良的影响。通胀目标制不同于其他货币制度之处就在于它是在通货膨胀失控之前就采取有效措施来预防,而不是每次都等到损害已经造成后再补救。因此,对通货膨胀目标制的定义、模式、作用机制及政策效果进行分析就很有必要,它为中国的货币政策改革提供了一种选择。     

US inflation dynamics on long-range data

In this article, we evaluate inflation persistence in the United States using long-range monthly and annual data. The importance of inflation persistence is crucial to policy authorities and market participants, since the level of inflation persistence provides an indication on the susceptibility of the economy to exogenous shocks. Departing from classic econometric approaches found in the relevant literature, we evaluate inflation persistence through the nonparametric Hurst exponent within both a global and a rolling window framework. Moreover, we expand our analysis to detect the potential existence of chaos in the data generating process, in order to enhance the robustness of our conclusions. Overall, we find that inflation persistence is high from 1775 to 2013 for the annual data-set and from February 1876 to May 2014 in monthly frequency, respectively. Especially from the monthly data-set, the rolling window approach allows us to derive that inflation persistence has reached to historically high levels in the post–Bretton Woods period and remained there ever since.     

货币政策、外部冲击与通货膨胀

利用2001年1月—2013年6月的月度数据,构建DCC-MVGARCH模型分析用货币供应量表征的我国内部因素和用汇率和国际原油价格表征的外部因素对我国通货膨胀率的动态影响。研究结果表明:我国通货膨胀既源于内部调整,也受到外部冲击的影响;内部因素中的货币供应量增长率是影响我国通货膨胀水平的主要决定因素;相对而言,外部因素对通货膨胀水平的影响不大。     

浅析如何预防未来的通货膨胀

根据国家统计局的数据显示,自2011年1月份以来,中国居民消费价格指数CPI同比上涨了5.0%。其中,3月份居民消费价格指数(CPI)同比上涨5.4%,创下了32个月来新高。通胀预期明显上升,物价上涨压力也随之明显加大,这成为影响宏观经济增长以及社会稳定的首要问题,而货币政策是治理通货膨胀的最有效方式之一。主要分析了中国改革开放以后,发生的两次严重的通货膨胀,并总结了所实施的货币政策的优缺点。同时本轮通货膨胀与前两次有很多相似之处,在对引发通货膨胀的众多因素进行实证分析之后,根据之前的经验,可以对当前抑制通货膨胀的货币政策进行优化,从而达到更好的治理效果。