Strategic Planning and Community Involvement as Contributors to Sustainable Tourism Development

This paper is concerned with the role of stakeholder driven strategic planning as a contributor to the ultimate sustainability of tourism development. An initial literature review describes the evolution of theory related to three specific issues in the study of tourism – sustainability of tourism development as a desirable goal, stakeholder participation as a contributor to sustainability, and strategic planning as an appropriate framework within which stakeholder driven development activity can occur. The review concludes that these concepts are well supported in the literature, with little empirical evidence available on which to base any meaningful level of support. It is therefore argued that the value of these propositions may exist more strongly in theory than in practice. After discussing a number of factors which may negatively impact upon the practical implementation of these theoretical constructs, the paper proposes a quantitative instrument by which a specific tourism development planning process can be assessed for its conformity with desirable principles of sustainability in tourism development. Closing paragraphs indicate an intention to test this instrument across a variety of regional settings.     

Developing Local Citizenship through Sporting Events: Balancing Community Involvement and Tourism Development

Cities throughout the world have struggled to remain competitive in an era of globalisation and devolution. As a result, many have turned to tourism-related activities, such as hosting sporting events or mega-events, as part of development strategies (Hall, 1992). Within this context, questions of how these short-lived events affect resident and nonresident identities have been raised. In essence, questions of citizenship, community, and identity have become central with the on-going use of itinerant tourism strategies. Lepofsky and Fraser (2003) reasoned that community citizenship can no longer be viewed as a static concept, where rights to local citizenship are guaranteed by virtue of residential status. They propose the notion of flexible citizenship, where residents and nonresidents alike determine their level of citizenship by their ability to negotiate their contributions within the community. This paper uses this conceptualisation of citizenship to explore how community involvement in the hosting of sporting events – by organising, watching, or participating in an event – affects notions of community citizenship, and how these newly articulated citizenships affect tourism development.     

Collaborative Tourism Planning: A Case Study of Cusco,Peru

This research examines issues concerning the collaborative approach towards tourism planning, with a focus on Cusco, Peru. The research begins with a review of key themes related to collaborative tourism planning, and then explores four issues in relation to collaborative tourism planning in Cusco. These are the vision of tourism development among tourism stakeholders; collaboration and coordination between the multiple parties involved in tourism; input from the tourism industry and other interest groups in tourism planning; and constraints to and facilitators of collaboration and coordination. The research indicates that despite an awareness of the benefits of collaboration in tourism planning generally, collaboration is not yet a major part of the tourism development process in Cusco. The main reasons for the lack of collaboration are outlined using the views of the main stakeholders, as well as suggestions for ways in which future collaboration can be developed.     

老城区内名胜古迹周边交通拥堵问题探讨

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,人民的温饱问题已经得到基本解决,正在向小康生活迈进,因此,旅游业发展也蒸蒸日上。现在越来越多的人会在节假日选择外出旅行。其中,多数人选择的旅行方式为自驾出行,这无形中给旅游景点周边的交通带来压力,导致节假日期间景点周边交通拥堵越来越严重。坐落于老城区之内的一些名胜古迹周边的交通拥堵问题则更为突出。因此,找到产生拥堵问题的原因并提出相对应的改善措施显得尤为迫切。     

交通对旅游的影响及发展对策

交通是旅游业发展的必要条件,但我国的旅游交通由于各地区公路等级差距大、基础设施滞后、服务质量有待提高、旅游交通发展与环境保护矛盾等问题,存在交通对旅游发展的影响和制约,为此提出科学规划旅游交通,改善交通基础设施,提高交通服务质量,推进交通营运管理现代化和加强各交通部门间协作等对策。     

The Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism Development in the Okavango Delta,Botswana

The objective of this article is to assess the socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. This paper largely relied on the research work and reports by the author in the Okavango Delta from 1998 to 2004. In all instances, both primary and secondary data sources were used. However, much of the paper is based on the results of a survey carried out between April 2001 and July 2002. Findings indicate that tourism development in the Okavango Delta has both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts. Some of the positive socio-cultural impacts include income generation and employment opportunities from both community-based tourism projects and safari companies, infrastructure development such as airport and airstrips, tarred roads, hotels, lodges and camps, the improvement of social services such as banking, health, telecommunications and access to electricity. The negative socio-cultural impacts include enclave tourism, racism, relocation of traditional communities, breaking up of the traditional family structure, increase in crime, prostitution, the adoption of the Western safari style of dressing and a traditionally unacceptable ‘vulgar’ language by young people. This article argues that tourism needs to be sensitive to local cultural norms and beliefs for it to be accepted by local people and promote sustainable development. This is possible if all the stakeholders (government, operators and local people) collaborate in policy formulation, implementation and monitoring. This can minimise the negative cultural impacts and instead promote the positive.     

广汉市公共交通发展规划思路探讨

一、我国中小城市公共交通面临的问题1.公共交通网络规划不合理我国中小城市的公共交通线网规划,一般采取经验布线法,具体是把主要的客流集散点用公交线路连接起来,再兼顾一些政策上的要求.     

关于武汉会展旅游发展思路的探讨

本文分析武汉会展旅游发展具备的条件,针对会展旅游发展的核心条件和目前存在的问题,提出武汉会展旅游发展的思路。     

铁路建设与城市规划相协调的探讨

分析了铁路与城市相互依赖、互为发展,相互矛盾、互为制约的关系,提出铁路建设与城市规划要密切配合、相互协调,以达到消除制约、缓解矛盾,促进发展的目的。科学对待铁路与城市长期发展的关系,既要发挥铁路的重要作用,又要为城市环境保护和持续发展创造条件。     

Local Community Involvement in Tourism around National Parks: Opportunities and Constraints

National Parks are often major tourist attractions located in relatively remote and marginalised rural areas. The potential role of tourism in contributing to the costs of conservation and providing economic opportunities for communities living adjacent to natural heritage has long been recognised. Issues of access to tourists and capital, enclaves and bypasses and employment need to be addressed. The opportunities for local economic development through tourism at Komodo (Indonesia), Keoladeo (India), Gonarezhou (Zimbabwe) and Puerto Princesa (Palawan, Philippines) National Parks are explored, and the paper concludes with an agenda for action.     

关于武汉城市圈旅游发展问题的思考

随着武汉城市圈被批准为"两型社会"综合改革配套试验区,武汉城市圈旅游面临加快发展的新机遇。从区域旅游资源状况和旅游发展面临的形势分析,要进一步推进武汉城市圈内旅游资源的整合,加速旅游市场一体化,建立有效的政策支持和保障机制,促进武汉城市圈旅游新一轮的快速发展。     

大交通对区域旅游业发展的影响及对策

交通是发展旅游业的基础和重要前提,便捷的交通能够满足游客方便的时空选择需求。旅游交通所涉及的空间尺度和旅游过程可分为3个层次：外部交通、由旅游中心地到风景区的交通和内部交通。外部交通所涉及的空间范围较大,其交通方式主要是航空、铁路和公路。由于克服外部交通所花费的时间相对较长,所以外部交通的舒适与否对旅游者旅游动机的实现具有重要意义。为发展黄山大旅游,加快建设现代国际旅游城市,黄山市正全面实施综合交通提速升级工程,     

泉州市旅游交通发展现状及影响研究

泉州市地处福建省东南部,北承省会福州,南接特区厦门,东望宝岛台湾,西毗漳州、三明,是福建省3大中心城市之一。通过对泉州市旅游交通的现状和     

锡林郭勒盟铁路货运建设发展规划

结合对铁路货运量及流向的预测,对我国正北方边境地区锡林郭勒盟铁路的货运规划进行了研究,分析锡盟铁路货运现状、存在的问题及未来发展的环境,从铁路货流径路入手重点研究锡盟铁路货运通道和站点的建设布局规划方案.     

浙江省旅游交通可持续发展刍议

浙江省拥有丰富的自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源,是我国的旅游大省之一。根据浙江省旅游局统计,2002～2008年浙江省旅游总收入逐年增长,旅游业蓬勃发展,旅游业已成为浙江省国民经济的重要增长点和第三产业中的支柱产业。虽然,近年来浙江省旅游总收入增长速度有所放缓,但还是每年稳步提升,为建设“和谐浙江”和实现区域经济的快速可持续发展提供了强有力的支持。     

区域交通网络对旅游业发展的影响及对策

结合区域旅游需求和旅游交通需求的预测方法和模型,分析交通网络对旅游需求和对交通工具选择的影响。并基于旅游业发展需要的交通网络建设存在的问题,提出完善区域旅游交通网络的建议。     

高速铁路经济发展对旅游产业的影响分析

近年来,我国旅游业发展迅猛,在国民经济中的地位和作用日益增强,高速铁路经济的产生为我国旅游业的发展带来了长足影响.高速铁路的便捷、舒适、安全性诱发游客出行,改变了游客理念与需求,带动了旅游市场的快速扩展和转型升级.同时,旅游产业的快速发展,出游率的持续上涨,自助游的盛行,交通基础设施的完善,将使旅游客流成为我国客运市场的主体,为高速铁路带来庞大的客运市场和广阔的发展前景.     

现代物流业与城市社会经济发展

通过分析现代物流业的特征，论述了发展现代物流业对城市社会经济所带来的影响，并以重庆市为例，针对目前一些城市发展现代物流业带来的问题，提出了城市发展现代物流业应具备的基本条件。     

北京发展市域铁路的建议

市域交通对北京市实施“一主、一副、两轴、多点”的城市空间新格局将起到重要促进作用,发展市域交通应优先发展市域铁路.结合北京铁路网规划及枢纽功能优化调整,从统筹规划、分步实施、政策措施等方面对市域铁路的发展进行分析,对铁路如何更好地参与城市交通提出建议,希望对我国特大城市、大城市发展市域铁路有所借鉴和参考.     

Supporting the Principles of Sustainable Development in Tourism and Ecotourism: Government's Potential Role

This paper articulates the principles of sustainable development, sustainable tourism, and ecotourism, and their interrelationship, and explains the critical difference between growth and development, which are commonly confused. It discusses numerous activities during the course of the early 1990s, which arguably moved the government into a 'strong sustainability' mode, through its support of the principles of sustainable development, tourism, and ecotourism. The paper also briefly describes the reduction of government activities to support principles of sustainable development over the latter part of the decade, which moved the government to a weak sustainability mode. Supportive activities include integrated planning; cooperation and partnerships; public consultation; proactive research and education; environment protection and conservation; management of resources, impact and visitors; and green standards activities. The benefits for government support of principles of sustainability are briefly described.