A meta‐level analysis of major trends in environmental health risk governance

Internationally but also within countries, large differences exist regarding how environmental health risks (EHRs) are governed. Despite these differences, at a meta‐level some general trends can be discerned that may point to a convergence of EHR governance regimes. One, EHR governance regimes are increasingly taking into account cost‐benefit considerations, sectoral goals outside the health risk domain, public concerns and stakeholder interests in early stages of decision‐making. Two, EHR objectives are increasingly integrated in other, sectoral policies such as land use planning. Three, an increased differentiation of EHR standards is observed (partly as a consequence of the former characteristic). Still little systematic empirical research has been conducted on the dynamics in EHR governance regimes and their causes, on what EHR governance regimes have produced in terms of (perceived) risk reduction and on how these results can be explained. This paper proposes a systematic framework for analysing, explaining and evaluating shifts in EHR governance regimes. The framework in turn is applied to examine and understand the shift towards more integrated and differentiated EHR governance regimes.     

我国券商治理风险及对策

我国证券公司经营户中存在多种委托-代理关系。在现行的治理框架下,股东相容性风险、股东-经营层代理风险和客户-经营层代理风险均居高不下,使得治理风险成为我国券行业的最大风险。以国有产权为主导的产权结构和激励不相容的外部治理机制是滋生治理风险的源头,也是解决问题的切入点。     

新时代经济责任审计发展战略研究

立足国家治理的要求,本文从历史沿革和理论基础两个维度重新认识经济责任审计的本质,提出其已经成为一项独立的综合审计门类和推动完善国家治理体系的有效方式。基于新时代经济责任审计的政治功能,从\"实体、人员、行为、信息\"四大审计客体层面重构经济责任审计在审计监督全覆盖中的战略价值,提出应在现代多元国家治理体系框架下构建新时代经济责任审计框架体系,并在\"坚守法治、简政放权\"\"多元主体、以民为本\"\"科技引领、精准服务\"三方面展开。针对当前经济责任审计存在的问题,本文从强化顶层设计、坚持创新驱动、持续完善制度和突出资源整合四个战略层面阐述了推动经济责任审计\"供给侧改革\"的基本思路。     

国家审计服务国家治理的理论分析与实现路径探讨——基于受托经济责任观的视角

国家治理是当今世界的重要议题。建立科学合理的治理结构和运用适当的治理机制以保证和促进国家治理目标的实现,已成为公共受托经济责任的重要内容。作为国家治理的重要组成部分,国家审计理应充分发挥审计功能,服务国家治理。本文基于受托经济责任观,在深入分析受托经济责任与国家审计以及受托经济责任与国家治理相互关系的基础上,从构建全新的公共受托经济责任报告体系,创新国家/政府审计对象载体;建立健全绩效管理制度、全面推进政府绩效审计;推进责任政府建立,进一步深化经济责任审计;构建并实施治理导向审计模式以及权力导向审计模式五个方面深入探讨了国家审计服务国家治理的实现路径。     

资本约束、治理机制和银行风险承担

本文运用我国2006—2009年34家商业银行的127个面板数据,对资本约束、治理机制对于银行风险承担的影响进行了实证研究。结果发现：银行的风险主要与银行的治理机制有关、与银行的资本约束无关,银行的第一大股东持股比例以及董事会的规模与银行的风险负相关,高管的薪酬与银行风险正相关。银行资本的变动受到两者的共同影响。     

Security or opportunity: the influence of risk‐taking tendency on risk information preference

It has been suggested that risk avoiders and risk takers differ in the extent to which they focus on the worst and best outcomes of a risky activity. By implication risk avoiders and risk takers should also differ in their risk information preferences. Specifically, as risk avoiders focus more on the worst outcomes, it was hypothesized that they would prefer negative information about the risk. In contrast, as risk takers focus more on the best outcomes, it was hypothesized that they would prefer positive information about the risk. In an information selection task, subjects could select newspaper headlines that indicated negative and positive information about a variety of risks. Contrary to the hypothesis, risk avoiders selected more positive information than risk takers. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of personality on risk taking. One tentative explanation is that differences in anxiety between risk avoiders and risk takers account for these results in that risk avoiders try to find reassurance by seeking positive information. Another is that the participants were seeking reassurance in a relatively involuntary confrontation with risks.     

GOVERNANCE AND CHARITIES: AN EXPLORATION OF KEY THEMES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH AGENDA

The concept of governance has been widely discussed in both the business and non-business sectors. The debate has also been entered into within the charity sector, which comprises over 169,000 organizations in the UK. The UK-based Charity Commission, which describes itself as existing to 'promote sound governance and accountability', has taken a lead in this debate by promoting greater regulation and producing numerous recommendations with regard to the proper governance of charitable organizations. However, the concept of what is meant by governance is unclear and a myriad of ideas are placed under the umbrella of 'good governance'. This paper explores the major themes that form the basis of much of this discussion, examining both the theoretical underpinnings and empirical investigations relating to this area (looking from the perspective of the key stakeholders in the charity sector). Based on an analysis of the extant literature, this paper presents a broad definition of governance with respect to charities and outlines a future research agenda for those interested in adding to knowledge in this area     

Accountants’ hybridization and juridification: a critical reflection on the fight against organized crime

Policy-makers and regulators are increasingly focusing on fighting organized crime. Preventing criminal organizations infiltrating an economy involves multiple groups of professionals operating in complex regulatory environments. This paper looks at whether the current regulations for the management of assets seized from organized crime are adequate. The focus is on the Italian setting, and the research included interviews with accountants, judges and police officers involved in the management of seized entities. The results have application worldwide.     

从金融危机看我国商业银行综合经营的变革方向

金融危机中美国金融机构遭受重创的自身原因是,公司治理失效及过度的激励机制,缺乏严格的内部风险管理机制,规模快速扩张带来整合和管理的巨大难题。同时,美国计划改革其金融监管体制,发布了《现代化金融监管体制蓝图》和《金融改革框架》。欧美金融机构的转型,尤其是花旗分拆不意味着综合经营模式的失败;基于金融深化发展和适应全球金融竞争的考虑,我国商业银行应当坚持综合经营和金融创新,金融监管的变革方向应是对金融创新带来的风险实施更加有效的监管。     

基于国家治理现代化视角的自然资源资产离任审计研究

在领导干部自然资源资产离任审计现代化过程中,存在审计汲取能力不足、缺乏审计共识、制度建构不健全、公民参与不足和组织体制内部权责不明等问题.推进自然资源资产离任审计现代化,关键是要结合现存问题与风险,从制度化、民主化、高效化和协调化等方面完善审计体系和提高审计能力.     

论财务会计信息在公司治理中的作用

财务会计信息对于公司治理具有重要意义。高质量的会计信息可以降低管理层与外部人之间的信息不对称,从而有助于解决逆向选择和道德风险问题;信息披露自身可以对管理层形成有效的约束,促使管理层强化受托责任,并可以为相关主体提供治理所需信息,从而加强外部人对管理层的监督和制约;通过降低对其他高成本治理机制的需求,高质量的会计信息还可以有效地降低公司治理的整体成本,提高治理效率。因此,财务会计信息是实现公司治理目标、保护投资者利益的重要工具。我国应当不断地完善会计准则,并加强会计监管,以提高会计信息质量,更好地为公司治理服务。     

REGULATING CHARITABLE SOLICITATION PRACTICES – THE SEARCH FOR A HYBRID SOLUTION

A review of four fundraising regulatory models currently in existence in common law jurisdictions reveals a mismatch between the stated policy goals that these models set out to achieve and the practical, albeit unintended, consequences that flow from the implementation of these models. The paper highlights some of these policy/implementation discords. It proposes a hybrid model, which is designed to resolve some of these inconsistencies, and considers the potential for the model's practical application in one of the jurisdictions surveyed, Ireland.     

Weathering the storm: Accountability implications for flood relief and recovery from a local government perspective

This paper investigates the role of accounting and the nature of accountability from the perspective of local government managers in the context of multiple flood events. The flood events occurred in the State of Victoria, Australia during 2010‐11, and rural regions were the most severely affected by this natural disaster. The findings demonstrate that convoluted governance and extensive State and Federal Government funding arrangements resulted in some confusion among local councils and communities as to their eligibility for, and the timing of, financial support. Within this context, the study findings revealed how, as the first point of contact for local residents, small rural shires with limited financial and human capacity used accounting to address the impact of a natural disaster on a personal level.     

A longitudinal study of concern and judged risk: the case of Ebola in the United States, 2014–2015

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether playing a serious game concerning natural and man-made risks leads to increased risk awareness and additional information search. As an experimental task, we developed a serious board game. Fifty-six students participated in the experiment; half of them played the serious game whereas the other half only filled in a questionnaire at pretest and posttest (after two weeks). Participants who had played the game were more aware of risks in their own environment. Furthermore, playing the serious game counterbalanced the decline in self-efficacy as seen in the control condition. In both conditions, participants gathered more information on natural risks. This positive effect in the control condition is probably a side effect of the method used: a reasonably elaborate questionnaire in combination with a delay of two weeks. In all, the results provide a positive basis for further development of the game and to use it on a larger scale to empower citizens to take more responsibility for their own safety.     

金融改革与金融监管的互动分析及其立法建议

金融改革目标与金融监管目标总体上是一致的。两存在差异性的原因主要是实现金融改革目标与实现金融监管目标的手段和方法的不同。为保证金融改革目标和金融监管目标的顺利实现，必须利用好两互动关系中的积极因素并有效克服其消极因素。金融监管立法在授予监管权力的同时应当建立起完善的责任制度。