大直径灌注桩硬岩旋挖导向分级扩孔施工技术

直径不小于2 000 mm的灌注桩钻进入硬岩地层遇存在倾斜岩面或岩体完整性差存在发育裂隙、破碎带等情况时,研究制作上扶正、下扶正两款新型钻头。通过在旋挖钻头上增加上扶正、下扶正结构,进行导向,逐级扩孔钻进,使钻头整体受到侧向支撑约束,从而对硬岩中钻进的钻头进行精准定位,确保了钻孔垂直度,有效克服岩体破碎或倾斜岩面出现的偏孔问题,减少问题解决成本,降低问题处理难度。     

井筒构造破碎带含水层预注浆施工方案研究

井筒施工过程中,根据地质备件揭露的岩性判断为井筒处于构造破碎带,突水涌水量由62m3／h逐渐增大到92m3／h,严重影响井筒掘进,经过深入研究和多种方案对比研究,确定长钻密集孔结合短钻的预注浆方案,取得良好效果,最终顺利通过含水层。     

复杂岩溶地区超前钻在桩基施工中的应用

石灰岩地区往往石芽、溶洞、土洞、溶沟、溶槽等岩溶现象发育,其出现的位置、深度及大小等变化无常,在桩基施工容易出现"滑桩"、"悬桩"、"半悬桩"等工程质量问题,在荷载作用下,可能产生桩基失稳现象。因此,对于岩溶区的工程嵌岩端承桩位必须进行超前钻探以探明桩端底下3倍桩径深度范围内有无溶洞、破碎带、软弱夹层等不良地质条件。而岩溶发育区桩基施工难度很大,质量要求很高,易导致施工事故频发,如何更好地利用超前钻探资料为设计与施工服务亦显得尤为重要。     

自动化钻冲造穴卸压增透装备的设计及试验

针对低透突出煤层抽采钻孔钻进、冲孔效率低和人员投入大的问题,以车集煤矿为试验地点,采用理论分析与现场试验的方法,分析自动化钻冲造穴卸压增透装备性能.结果表明:自动化钻冲造穴装备平均每米的钻进速度、冲孔速度、退钻速度分别是普通打钻冲孔装备的1.59、1.36、0.72倍,单机综合作业效率和人均作业效率分别是普通打钻冲孔设备的1.3、3.9倍.水射流在钻孔煤段破冲出了直径约为0.8～1 m的孔洞,为煤体形变提供了空间.较普通穿层钻孔,冲孔钻孔瓦斯流量衰减周期提高了2～4倍.     

R11发泡的聚氨酯硬泡沫废弃物环保处理工艺

提出了一种R11发泡的聚氨酯硬泡沫废弃物的环保处理工艺，探讨了相关的工艺参数计算问题，以及在年拆解10万台废弃电冰箱项目的聚氨酯硬泡沫处理系统的规划设计中进行了应用。处理工艺路线包括泡沫粉碎、发泡剂蒸发、混合气收集、除尘、储气、压缩、冷凝、节流以及发泡剂与空气的分离。工艺参数计算主要涉及主要工艺环节的热力学计算，包括破碎后的泡沫中的R11发泡剂的蒸发吸热、混舍气压缩功耗、冷凝过程的散热。本处理工艺解决了泡沫处理过程中发泡剂的回收问题，具有处理过程中耗能低、发泡剂分离回收效果好的优点。     

泡沫金属对石蜡微胶囊相变蓄热性能影响的试验研究

本试验以新型定型材料——石蜡微胶囊为蓄热主体,泡沫金属作为传热材料及骨架结构,将石蜡微胶囊粉末填充在泡沫金属孔隙内。对纯石蜡微胶囊和泡沫金属与石蜡微胶囊复合相变材料蓄热热性能进行试验对比研究,结果表明,泡沫金属可以加强传热,提高相变材料的蓄热能力,其中泡沫金属铜的传热效果较好。     

盾构下穿胶济铁路路基沉降规律与变形控制

以青岛地铁2号线盾构隧道下穿既有胶济铁路为背景，采用三维数值模拟方法研究胶济铁路路基的沉降规律和变形控制。首先针对工程存在破碎带的情况，分析盾构穿越破碎带对铁路路基沉降的影响。然后考虑青岛上软下硬地层的特点，分别采用上部土层注浆加固和下部岩层全断面帷幕注浆加固方案，研究不同加固方案对盾构下穿既有铁路路基的变形控制效果。研究结果表明: 盾构穿越破碎带区段时铁路路基沉降偏大，施工存在安全风险，影响胶济铁路的安全运营；地层加固后路基的沉降相较于地层未进行加固有明显的降低，上部土层注浆加固使路基沉降值降低了约40%，全断面帷幕注浆加固使路基沉降值降低了约65%，同时下部岩层加固相较于上部土层注浆加固对路基变形控制更加显著；地层加固后TBM下穿施工对铁路路基的影响减小，能够确保胶济铁路的正常运营。     

城市地铁盾构隧道与前方断层破碎带临界安全距离研究

立足于城市地铁盾构施工掘进过程,旨在预防地下岩溶发育并存在断层破碎带的城市中地铁盾构施工面临的突水涌泥灾害风险。针对城市地铁建设过程中盾构隧道前方断层破碎带临界安全距离问题,研究不同类型与直径的盾构机刀盘、不同厚度与水压的前方断层破碎带对临界安全距离的影响规律与响应敏感程度。利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件流固耦合方法模拟盾构推进过程与突水发生时刻。综合三维有限元数值模拟结果,利用SPSS Statistics软件中的多元回归功能得到盾构隧道前方断层破碎带临界安全距离公式。研究结果对于断层破碎带发育及地下水丰富的城市地铁盾构开挖工程具有一定的施工指导意义。     

深埋长隧洞不良地质治理关键技术研究

以滇中引水工程大理I段香炉山隧洞某施工隧洞为例，详细阐述了施工段的地质情况和隧道开挖过程中所遇到的塌方及涌水地质灾害概况。综合考虑施工进度与安全，通过对灾害的机理研究、现场试验、方案优化，提出应对灾害的关键施工技术。在断层破碎带不良地质洞施工，采用“管超前、短进尺、强支护、早封闭”；在富水破碎带洞段，采用“先探后掘，以堵为主、堵排结合”的施工原则，优化确定掌子面帷幕超前注浆的施工技术。成果在现场得到成功验证，保证了隧洞的安全掘进。     

顺北油气田奥陶系断控体结构模式研究

顺北油气田奥陶系目的层埋深普遍在8 000 m左右，三维地震资料采集面元25 m×25 m，地震资料分辨率较低，导致顺北油气田奥陶系鹰山组断控体油气藏难以精细刻画与表征。结合常规测井、电成像、远探测、取芯等资料，开展不同应力作用下断控体结构分析、断控体油气藏破碎裂缝带、破碎角砾带、断裂空腔分布研究。结果表明：断控体油气藏主要储集空间来自多期构造活动叠加改造形成的断裂空腔、角砾间孔隙、构造裂缝，不同应力机制决定断控体的发育程度，拉张背景易形成断裂空腔及裂缝带，挤压背景易形成破碎角砾带及裂缝带；断控体常发育典型的核带结构，裂缝带的宽度范围较大（0.35～1.64 km），且分布范围广，角砾带的宽度范围次之（0.44～0.93 km），且分布范围中等，断裂空腔的宽度范围最小（0.25～0.35 km），且分布范围小，主要集中在局部拉张应力区。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.