国际贸易壁垒对温州产业发展的影响和对策

近些年,温州对外贸易发展迅速,但同时,温州产品频遭国际贸易壁垒,其对温州企业的出口造成很大冲击。在遭受国际贸易壁垒的过程中,温州民营企业从回避到主动应对。本文就国际贸易壁垒对温州产业发展的影响展开论述,并提出应对国际贸易壁垒的对策。     

绿色壁垒对进口国的福利影响

本文运用国际经济学和制度经济学的相关观点,采用博弈论的一般方法,分析了发达国家在国际贸易中采用的绿色壁垒对进口国本身的福利影响。文章指出,当绿色壁垒充分反映了消费者日益提高的绿色消费意识的时候,绿色壁垒对进口国没有造成实际的福利损失;当绿色壁垒在各个利益集团的影响下不正常地提高,成为真正意义上的进入壁垒时,进口国的实际福利才会遭受到损失。     

知识产权壁垒的特征、形式及影响分析

知识产权壁垒是目前常见的国际贸易壁垒之一。相较于其他贸易壁垒,知识产权壁垒具有实施主体多元性、作用目标广泛性、打击对象立体性、救济手段困难性的特征,其表现形式也多种多样。文章在分析知识产权壁垒基本问题的基础上,还就知识产权壁垒对国际贸易的影响进行了分析,并提出了对策和建议。     

浅谈当今非关税壁垒

当今时代,非关税壁垒取代关税壁垒成为贸易保护主义的主要手段,限制着我国的出口贸易。本文根据时代特点,针对我国的国际贸易壁垒展开分析,着重分析非关税壁垒的手段、并举例说明我国出口遭遇壁垒的情况,针对我国国际贸易情势,对国际贸易走向提出个人见解。     

新贸易壁垒对国际贸易的影响

随着国际贸易的不断发展，贸易壁垒正在发生结构性的变化，传统贸易壁垒逐渐走向分化，其中的关税，配额和许可证等壁垒逐渐弱化，以技术壁垒为核心的新贸易壁垒将长期存在并不断发展，将逐渐取代传统贸易壁垒成为国际贸易壁垒中的主体。对世界贸易产生深远的影响。     

WTO与中国区域间地方贸易保护壁垒

本文通过构建一个竞争性的比较优势贸易模型,研究了加入WTO对削弱中国地方贸易保护壁垒的效应。具体而言,根据区域要素禀赋的差异,文章比较了三种情形下贸易保护壁垒对生产者、消费者、地方政府以及中央政府各方福利的影响。文章认为,加入WTO将有助于激励经济参与各方减少地方贸易的保护,并因此增加整体的经济福利。     

国内公众对动物福利的认知及进程分析——对比英国动物福利发展史

动物福利被看作是社会发展与人类进步的体现,在经济上也有着改善肉质、影响消费者溢价支付意愿的作用,对我国畜牧业的发展以及实现"乡村振兴"战略有着重要意义。然而我国民众对于动物福利的看法一直滞后于西方,存在对动物福利理解上的不足和偏差。从国内公众对动物福利的认知出发,分析了国内公众对于动物福利的看法,并结合英国动物福利发展史,对我国动物福利的发展进程作出分析:我国在经历了社会思考和法律支持阶段后,应通过动物福利保护提高农产品品质,逐步使动物福利观念深入人心。     

能源税对国际贸易与环境污染影响的实证研究

本文从世界福利的角度,构建了一个开放经济条件下能源税对国际贸易与环境污染影响的数学解析模型,分析了在征收能源税情况下世界出口国、进口国和能源国的国际贸易与环境污染问题.结果表明,在考虑国际贸易所带来的环境污染影响全球经济福利情况下,世界范围内存在一个最优的能源税税率,按这一税率征收环境污染税可以提高全球经济福利,也可改善因国际贸易而造成的全球环境恶化的现状.     

我国应对绿色壁垒招数何在

<正> 伴随着世界贸易组织的成立,一种新的壁垒,绿色壁垒开始频繁地出现在国际贸易中,这种壁垒对当今的国际贸易产生了深远的影响。绿色壁垒是指在国际贸易领域, 一些国家凭借其科技优势,以保护环境和人类健康为目的,通过立法或制定严格的强制性技术法规,对国外商品进行准入限制的7684贸易壁垒。     

技术性贸易壁垒的设置与我国的策略选择

目前 ,TBT正在成为国际贸易中影响市场准入的越来越重要的手段。从国际贸易实践看 ,技术性贸易壁垒已成为取代传统的关税和非关税壁垒的新贸易壁垒。加入WTO后 ,我国出口贸易遭遇了国际贸易技术性壁垒的严峻挑战。对此 ,我们必须采取积极的应对策略     

论现代贸易壁垒对我国影响及应对之策

近年来,我国出口的外部环境日益严峻,以技术贸易壁垒为核心的现代贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响愈加严重。现代贸易壁垒已成为我国对外贸易的最大障碍。文章分析了现代贸易壁垒产生的原因及背景,以及它所含的主要内容和对我国的影响,并提出了应对之策。     

蓝色壁垒对我国企业出口的影响及对策

发达国家在劳工标准上对发展中国家出口的产品采取了多种形式的贸易管制,构成新贸易壁垒,即蓝色壁垒。文章首先对蓝色壁垒及相关标准进行了简单介绍,然后深入探讨蓝色壁垒及其相关标准,最后就它们对我国企业出口的积极和消极影响进行了分析,并对如何应对它们给我国企业出口带来的冲击提出几项措施,以期达到在面对发达国家的蓝色壁垒时,能够针对其实施相应的措施,以提高我国企业出口在国际贸易中的地位和竞争力,最终突破蓝色壁垒。     

Expectation-driven fluctuations and welfare loss under free trade in two-country models

This paper investigates the interlinkage in the business cycles based on expectation-driven fluctuations of large-country economies in a free-trade equilibrium. We consider a two-country, two-good, two-factor general equilibrium model with sector-specific externalities. We show that some country's expectation-driven fluctuations can spread throughout the world once trade opens even if the other country has determinacy under autarky. We thus prove that under free trade, globalization and market integration can have destabilizing effects on a country's competitive equilibrium. Finally, we characterize a configuration in which opening to international trade improves the stationary welfare at the world level but deteriorates the stationary welfare of the country that imports investment goods and exports consumption goods. We conclude that in opposition to the standard belief, international trade might not be beneficial to all trading partners in the long run.     

Autarky in Franco's Spain: The costs of a closed economy

Between the 1940s and 1970s, Spain used a variety of economic policies that hindered international trade. Because the mix of tariffs, quotas, administrative barriers, and exchange rate regimes varied greatly over time, the quantification of the effect of the various trade policies on international trade in this period is particularly elusive. In this paper, we use historical bilateral trade flows and a structural gravity model to quantify the evolution of Spain's border thickness, a summary measure of its barriers to international trade. We find that Spain's borders in the period 1948–75 were thicker than those of any other country in Western Europe, even after the liberalization of trade that started in 1959. These comparatively higher impediments to international trade implied substantial negative effects on consumer welfare. We estimate that accumulated welfare costs over the period 1948–75 exceed 20 per cent of a year's total consumption.     

国际垂直专业化分工与贸易:研究综述

国际垂直专业化是第二次经济全球化高潮的显著特征,国际分工与贸易的对象深入到工序层面,参与国的国民福利与收入分配以及世界贸易的性质、规模等都因此受到重要影响。对国际垂直专业化的研究使标准贸易理论的研究视野由产品间分工扩展到产品内分工,并且,产业组织与契约理论的相关概念被引入贸易模型,形成了新的分析框架。本文对该领域研究的内容、方法与结论做了归纳,就国际垂直专业化分工与贸易的基础和动因、程度度量以及经济效应分析三个方面的问题加以评述,并指明未来研究方向。     

国际贸易环境对我国纺织品出口影响的经济学分析

文章从经济学角度对当前我国纺织品出口面临的国际贸易环境进行研究,对各种贸易保护措施的影响归类分析,得出我国出口纺织行业在成本、价格、数量、贸易条件、行业福利和贸易流向方面均受到不利影响的结论。     

The Marshall Plan and the Spanish postwar economy: a welfare loss analysis1

This article uses historical fact as a natural experiment to measure a country's welfare loss from shifting from an allowed to a restricted trade situation, based on international trade theory. A welfare loss of 8 per cent of GDP is found. The evolution of domestic import and export prices in Spain in 1940–58 fits international trade theory assumptions. The main years of autarky are not those commonly considered, but 1947–55, marked by the exclusion of Spain from the Marshall Plan and the Madrid Treaty between Franco's regime and the US. The upper‐bound welfare loss for 1947–55 is 26 per cent of GDP.     

Real Versus Tariff Liberalization: A Welfare Comparison Under Monopolistic Competition

A distinction between real trade costs (e.g., administration, border formalities, transport costs) and tariff costs is introduced into a standard monopolistic competition trade model. Driven by the number of firms, welfare under real trade barriers turns out to be lower than under an equivalent tariff barrier. Based on this finding, the paper shows that integration or rather liberalization measures (generating a certain increase in world trade) that reduce real trade barriers generate a larger welfare gain than integration consisting of a reduction in tariffs.     

Customs Union and the Harris-Todaro Model with International Capital Mobility

Traditional customs union theory concludes that trade creation enhances welfare. Thus, Yu's (1982) conclusion that trade creation may decrease welfare in the presence of general unemployment is an important observation. Parai and Batra (1987) reestablish the traditional results in the Harris-Todaro model, where unemployment is sector-specific. We conclude that trade creation may decrease welfare in the Harris-Todaro model with international capital mobility when labor subsidies or capital taxes (subsidies) exist. Moreover, second-best labor subsidies or capital subsidies (taxes) recommended by some authors increase the chances of welfare decreasing trade creation.