我国经济周期对非寿险承保周期的影响研究

采用HP滤波法对我国1999年～2011年季度非寿险市场承保赔付率进行研究,发现我国存在3～5年的非寿险承保利润周期现象。通过建立回归模型分析方法证明经济周期对承保利润率周期有显著影响,进而采用VAR模型的脉冲响应和方差分解考查经济周期对承保周期的具体贡献率。研究结果表明整个经济变量波动共同解释作用达到22%,远远超过了其他干扰项带来的影响。     

湖南经济周期阶段及其持续性分析

根据湖南1978～2008年的相关数据对湖南经济周期阶段进行的研究,结果表明:虽然2004年湖南已经开始进入经济扩张阶段,但是2008年经济出现回落的迹象,实际产出正在向潜在产出靠近.同时,对湖南经济周期持续性研究结果表明:经济扩张阶段的持续时间一般是5.33年左右,因此,在2009年湖南经济周期阶段有可能发生变化,即经济很可能从扩张阶段转向收缩阶段.     

战后美国经济周期再考察

二战后美国经济周期波动发生显著变化。相比二战之前,美国经济周期扩张期拉长,衰退期缩短,二者之间形成剪刀差。经济周期长度、扩张期跨度和紧缩期跨度的离散度远远大于战前。二战后至今,美国经济中周期出现(朱格拉周期)呈拉长的趋势,扩张期远远长于衰退期,中周期(朱格拉周期)和短周期(基钦周期)的波幅经历了从小到大的阶段性变化。     

中国金融周期的基本特征与分析结论

本文对建国50多年来的主要金融数据进行了整理和政策归纳,发现我国计划经济和转轨经济体制中存在比较有规律的金融周期,其主要特征是:金融周期从“紧缩”到“紧缩”形成一个周期;从低谷到高峰时间一般较短,平抑金融过热时间较长;从单纯银行信贷影响向货币供应量、商业银行信贷、金融机构增减等多因素转化;一定程度上受“运动”影响;从主要依靠直接性行政命令强行制动逐渐过渡到间接性经济引导手段;周期一般在8～10年之间。文章最后得出我国金融周期始终存在,但不同时期外在表现形式不同;周期的成因从混合型逐步向经济型过渡;金融周期从治理过热时间长转变为启动金融需要多样化途径;目前的金融周期无论是扩张还是紧缩,单一金融工具日显力不从心等四点结论。     

经济周期、前景理论与BHS资产定价模型修正

行为资产定价研究引起了国内外的广泛关注,但由于现实资本市场中诸多异象的存在,导致人们对经典资产定价模型的质疑。经济周期波动会对投资者的理性产生显著影响,而非理性投资可能引发金融危机。据此,引入经济周期这一独特视角,剖析前景理论对资产定价的作用机理;提出相关假设,对BHS模型进行修正,以适应经济周期影响下的行为资产定价问题研究。     

金融冲击与经济波动的相关性:三个视角的分析

金融系统对经济周期波动性的影响是现代经济周期理论研究的重要领域。随着金融市场的发展和完善,经济的周期波动性是否减缓等问题还没有统一的定论。本文就我国金融发展与经济增长的周期波动性问题展开分析,分别从中国金融中介发展、利率走势和股票市场三个角度对金融发展与经济周期的相关性进行了检验,结果显示我国金融中介市场发展对经济增长波动性的影响不是平滑了经济增长的波动性,而是扩大了经济增长的波动性;利率变化与经济增长波动存在相互因果关系,说明我国的经济波动对利率是敏感的;股市对经济增长波动的影响还相当有限。     

中国信用价差与经济周期关联性研究——基于马尔科夫区制转换模型

通过构建马尔科夫区制转换模型,研究2014年中国出现的实质性债券违约以来信用价差特征。研究发现：信用债利差明显存在两个区制,2014年上半年和2016年4月后,信用价差增加,波动加大,与其余时段呈现为另一区制,说明信用债打破刚性兑付以来,中国债券市场进入一种新的风险溢价模式。同时,信用价差与利率期限结构及股指相关性显示,信用价差变化与经济周期波动密切相关,中国信用债市场逐渐能够反映经济周期信用风险溢价。     

Is ex-post credit risk affected by the cycles? The case of Italian banks

The objective of this research is to empirically examine if both credit and business cycle affect the ex-post credit risk (i.e. non-performing loans) in the banking system of Italy for the period 1995Q1–2014Q1. The increase in NPLs post-2008 has put into question the robustness of many European banks and the stability of the whole sector. It still remains a serious challenge, especially in Italy which is one of the countries that hit by the financial crisis. By employing fixed and random effects and a dynamic GMM estimation as econometric methodologies I find results that underline common causes for NPLs. Higher NPLs in Italy are mostly due to worse macroeconomic conditions (i.e. bad phase of business cycle) and due to excess credit. Through a Granger causality test, my arguments found even more support. Such findings can be helpful when designing macro-prudential as well as NPL resolution policies.     

Money Velocity in an Endogenous Growth Business Cycle with Credit Shocks

The paper sets the neoclassical monetary business cycle model within endogenous growth, adds exchange credit shocks, and finds that money and credit shocks explain much of the velocity variations. The role of the shocks varies across subperiods in an intuitive fashion. Endogenous growth is key to the construction of the money and credit shocks because these have similar effects on velocity, but opposite effects upon growth. The model matches the data's average velocity and simulates well velocity volatility. Its Cagan-like money demand means that money and credit shocks cause greater velocity variation, the higher is the nominal interest rate.     

The Surprising Use of Credit Scoring in Small Business Lending by Community Banks and the Attendant Effects on Credit Availability, Risk, and Profitability

The literature has documented a positive relationship between the use of credit scoring for small business loans and small business credit availability, broadly defined. However, this literature is hampered by the fact that all of the studies are based on a single 1998 survey of the very largest U.S. banking organizations. This paper addresses a number of deficiencies in the extant literature by employing data from a new survey of the use of credit scoring in small business lending, primarily by community banks. The survey evidence suggests that the use of credit scores in small business lending by community banks is surprisingly widespread. Moreover, the scores employed tend to be the consumer credit scores of the small business owners, rather than the more encompassing small business credit scores that include data on the firms as well as on the owners. Our empirical analysis suggests that credit scoring is associated with an initial increase in small business lending activity that moderates over time and no change in the quality of the loan portfolio. Supplementary analysis suggests that the use of credit scores for small business lending has a negative initial effect on community bank profitability that moderates over time.     

Do the business cycle and revenue diversification matter for banks’ capital buffer and credit risk: Evidence from ASEAN banks

We examine the association of the business cycle and revenue diversification with the banks’ capital buffer and credit risk for a sample of banks from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region from 1998 to 2018, using 2847 banking firm–year observations. We find that ASEAN region banks react anticyclically in adjusting their capital buffer levels and credit risk. We find revenue diversification benefits and that banks, through revenue diversification, can reduce their credit risk while achieving capital savings when confronting economic downturns. Our results offer support for the Basel III accord. However, the relations revealed are somewhat moderated by the regulatory quality, competition, and phase of the business cycle encountered by ASEAN region banks.     

跨国银行应对经济周期的战略研究

深入剖析经济周期性波动对跨国银行经营发展的影响,研究并制定跨国银行应对经济周期的战略举措,是跨国银行的必然选择。本文运用经济周期理论,以商业银行盈利增长速度和盈利稳定性两个纬度作为评判标准,对长期保持较高盈利且在危机中具有较强减震能力的优秀跨国银行应对经济周期性波动的战略选择及行为模式进行了实证分析和比较分析,从全球机构建设、业务发展、风险管理和支持保障体系等4个方面,提出了商业银行跨国经营应对经济周期波动的核心举措,为商业银行特别是中资银行实施跨国经营战略提供了思路和范式。     

Stock Returns and the Business Cycle

This article examines whether movements in economic factors dictated by the dividend discount model can explain broad movements in stock returns over the business cycle. As anticipated, stock returns decrease throughout economic expansions and become negative during the first half of recessions. Returns are largest during the second half of recessions, suggesting an important role for expected earnings. These results are consistent with the notion that expected stock returns vary inversely with economic conditions, yet suggest that realized returns are especially poor indicators of expected returns prior to turning points in the business cycle.     

Income Redistribution,Consumer Credit,and Keeping Up with the Riches

In this study, we set up a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with upward looking consumption comparison and show that consumption externalities are an important driver of consumer credit dynamics. Our model economy is populated by two different household types. Investors, who hold the economy's capital stock, own the firms and supply credit, and workers, who supply labor and demand credit to finance consumption. Furthermore, workers condition their consumption choice on the investors' level of consumption. We estimate the model and find a significant keeping up mechanism by matching business cycle statistics. In reproducing credit moments, our proposed model significantly outperforms a model version in which we abstract from consumption externalities.     

Credit crises, money and contractions: An historical view

The relatively infrequent nature of major credit distress events makes an historical approach particularly useful. Using a combination of historical narrative and econometric techniques, we identify major periods of credit distress from 1875 to 2007, examine the extent to which credit distress arises as part of the transmission of monetary policy, and document the subsequent effect on output. Using turning points defined by the Harding-Pagan algorithm, we identify and compare the timing, duration, amplitude and co-movement of cycles in money, credit and output. Regressions show that financial distress events exacerbate business cycle downturns both in the 19th and 20th centuries and that a confluence of such events makes recessions even worse.     

湖南经济周期阶段的分析与预测

根据湖南1978～2010年相关数据对湖南经济周期阶段进行分析,结果表明:1978～2010年湖南经济经历了5个繁荣时期,分别是1978～1979年、1984～1986年、1991～1993年、1995～1998年、2006～2010年,且繁荣阶段的持续性在不断增强;其余年份经济处于衰退阶段。另外,湖南经济周期阶段预测结果显示:2011～2012年经济依然处于繁荣阶段;2013～2015经济处于衰退阶段,虽然处于衰退阶段,但是其程度并不深,尤其是2015年。     

Default risk premium and asset prices

We estimate a standard structural model of credit risk to draw insights about the premium demanded by investors for bearing default risk, using data on credit default swaps and market capitalization. We pin down the daily market value of assets for a set of non-financial firms and uncover cross-sectional heterogeneity in terms of the magnitude and time variation of the premium. By exploring the link between asset and default risk premia, we show that this heterogeneity closely depends on the relationship between the firm-specific market value of the assets and the business cycle.     

中国金融周期与横向关联:时空双维度相结合视角

宏观审慎政策关注各金融子市场在时间维度上的金融周期和空间维度上的横向关联。本文结合时间维度与空间维度视角,使用股票市场、货币市场、房地产市场以及信贷市场的数据,测算2001—2019年中国金融周期和横向关联的波动特征、作用关系与频域叠加机理。研究结果表明:时间维度金融周期与空间维度横向关联的波动趋势具有一致性。我国金融周期长度约为10.33年,横向关联波动周期的长度约为10.58年。从作用关系上看,首先,我国房地产周期达到波峰后,会对股票市场和信贷市场产生较强的溢出效应。随后,股市周期达到波峰后,会向房地产市场和信贷市场产生较强的溢出效应。最后,我国信贷市场接受股票市场和房地产市场溢出后,信贷周期会逐渐达到波峰。从频域叠加机理的角度看,我国金融子市场间横向关联的波动主要由中低频波段驱动,中低频波段横向关联的持续期在2个月以上。     

企业投诉周期的管理

即使是优秀的企业,也无法保证客户投诉为零.因为每一项业务要让每一位客户都完全满意几乎是不可能的事情.在企业经济活动中,虽然客户投诉企业很普遍,但企业对投诉规律的研究却未必深入,特别是缺乏专业化的、针对性的研究.投诉周期的管理就是这方面研究的一个初步尝试.     

Pricing credit-risky bonds and spread options modelling credit-spread term structures with two-dimensional Markov-modulated jump-diffusion

The relationship between company hazard rates and the business cycle becomes more apparent after a financial crisis. To address this relationship, a regime-switching process with an intensity function is adopted in this paper. In addition, the dynamics of both interest rates and asset values are modelled with a Markov-modulated jump-diffusion model, and a 2-factor hazard rate model is also considered. Based on this more suitable model setting, a closed-form model of pricing risky bonds is derived. The difference in yield between a risky bond and risk-free zero coupon bond is used to model a term structure of credit spreads (CSs) from which a closed-form pricing model of a call option on CSs is obtained. In addition, the degree to which the explicit regime shift affects CSs and credit-risky bond prices is numerically examined using three forward-rate functions under various business-cycle patterns.