注意力配置的经济学分析

注意力是一种主观资源，具有可再生性的特征。注意力的配置需要新的经济学理论来解释。本文从注意力配置的相对量分析入手．推导出注意力消耗的容忍度随时间减小的规律．解释了注意力单期配置中信息搜索人趋于选择性注意的行为；通过对先验知识与搜索信息之间所形成的学习机制剖析．探讨了注意力多期动态配置过程的优化路径。这样．本文就揭示了注意力配置中搜索人从理性走向非理性．再从非理性走向理性的注意力配置辩证过程。     

World food prospects to the year 2000

Declining rates of growth are indicated for total food demand as well as import demand. Real world prices are likely to continue on their downward trend. Increased attention to agricultural development will help ensure that average food consumption levels will rise in all developing regions except Sub- Saharan Africa. Market instability remains a problem but developing countries are now better protected against it. The dark side of the picture: chronic undernutrition among the poorest of the poor is not likely to be eradicated in this century.     

金融资源意识、金融功能提升与金融可持续发展——从金融学科建设看金融发展理论的演进

金融学科建设的研究与实践说明,我国金融专业的教学改革需要建立金融资源意识,其研究范式与研究方法可以基于金融可持续发展的研究视角进行必要转换。国际金融危机的爆发引起了学界对金融可持续发展问题的不断关注。金融发展理论的演进和发展,对比说明了金融可持续发展理论所具有的质性发展观。金融可持续发展理论的基础是金融资源观,其研究基轴是金融功能的不断扩展与提升。     

服装企业多品牌构建及发展策略分析

通过对服装企业发展多品牌战略的优势和存在问题进行分析,结合大量典型服装企业案例,提出要从精准把握细分市场、树立鲜明品牌性格、重视人才队伍建设几个方面加强多品牌的管理。     

资产证券化对金融体系运行的影响分析

以次贷危机为背案，将资产证券化对金融体系运行中产生的各项影响进行了分析。认为资产证券化的基本功能可以对金融体系的运行产生正反两方面的影响，同时作为金融创新产品中重要一员的资产证券化产品也具有“双刃剑”的作用，其在促进金融稳定的同时也造成了金融不稳定，并对金融体系的融资结构产生了影响。因此应构建合理的资产证券化监管规则和宏观审慎监管的框架。     

城市过江通道交通流速度和密度关系研究

为确定城市过江通道交通流特性是否符合经典的速度-密度关系模型,研究了四川泸州市沱江一桥上的过江交通流。利用视频检测技术,获取了包含高峰期、平峰期等各种交通运行状态的交通流流量、速度数据,经过数据清洗、转换后,对速度和密度数据进行了回归分析和显著性检验,并计算得到了交通流特征参数自由流速度和阻塞密度。结果显示,城市过江通道的进城方向更适宜Greenshields的线性关系模型,出城方向更适宜Underwood的指数关系模型。桥头段和桥中段交通流特征参数的差异性,表明了桥头交织段规划、设计与管理对提高过江桥梁衔接段通行能力的重要性,相关部门应合理组织进城方向下游、出城方向上游的交通流,以改善区域交通运行质量。     

Governing online platforms: Competition policy in times of platformization

This paper argues that a paradigmatic change in competition policy is needed and empirically under way to cope with the challenges posed by economically strong online platforms and their big-data-based business models. Competition policy needs to move further away from its traditional price-oriented emphasis and increasingly focus on non-price competition, on attention markets and zero prices, and on big user data, which has become a new asset class in digital economies.     

Market Share Instability and the Dynamics of Competition: a Panel Data Analysis of Japanese Manufacturing Industries

This paper explores market share instability as a measure of market mobility. Using a newly constructed panel data set, we examine the determinants of the market share instability of leading firms in Japanese manufacturing industries. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between concentration and market share instability, and the market shares of leading firms are more stable in highly concentrated industries. We also provide evidence that industry growth has a significantly positive effect on market share instability.     

How Internet technologies impact information flows in R&D: reconsidering the technological gatekeeper

Previous studies have firmly established the technological gatekeeper to be a key node in the innovation process – acquiring, translating, and disseminating external information throughout the R&D unit. However, the gatekeeper concept has received modest attention in recent times. We argue that the concept needs to be re‐examined in light of the recent advances in Internet technologies that have dramatically altered how knowledge workers source and share their information. Drawing on social network analysis and interview evidence from a medical devices R&D group, we find that the gatekeeper role is still vital, but no longer needs to be performed by a single individual. Instead, the modern R&D group can keep abreast of the latest technological advances through a combination of Internet‐enabled internal and external communication specialists. This study makes a number of important contributions. The gatekeeper theory is extended through the development of an updated conceptual framework. We also discuss the practical implications of our findings and advise R&D managers on how to organise resources to maximise optimal information flows.     

浅谈工程造价管理

工程造价管理多年一直是广大工程造价工作和管理普遍关注的问题。章针对当前工程造价管理工作存在的问题，提出相应的建议，措施，力图满足市场经济发展和加入WTO的需要。     

Workplace gender segregation in standard and non-standard employment regimes in the US labour market

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of workplace gender segregation in non-standard employment in the United States. It compares segregation in standard and three non-standard work arrangements paying special attention to independent contracting – a segment of contingent employment representing novel and consequential developments in work organization. In line with the prediction that inequality is lower in more marketized sectors of the labour market, my analyses based on a representative sample of the contemporary US workforce reveal that workplace gender segregation is lower in non-standard employment. I further find that the degree of segregation corresponds to the degree of attachment to the employer and that segregation is lower in segments of the economy with higher market competition. Overall, my analyses indicate that a shift towards alternative work arrangements can reduce overall workplace segregation but does not lead to uniform desegregation across occupations, and that institutions of employment and market pressures faced by employers play significant roles in the effect of alternative work arrangements on workplace segregation.     

Industrial product diffusion by market segment

This article focuses on the need to forecast diffusion patterns by market segment. The usual single market forecasts may be quite inappropriate if the market is segmented. Evidence is offered, based on the marketing of a new medical technology, that the diffusion pattern does vary by segment. The marketing of new technologies can potentially be improved by planning and forecasting on a segment by segment basis.     

体验式服装设计模式初探

体验经济的到来,预示着消费者对于产品的需求不再停留在功能,服务也退居其次,感性时代的来临,产品所被赋予的情感价值受到重视。在体验经济的冲击下,当代国内外设计界对体验式设计的关注度不断提高,服装设计的创新趋势越来越强调体验的价值。本文意在通过对体验经济及体验式设计的相关理论的探讨,借鉴相关的产品开发设计模式提出具体的服装设计创新方法和步骤。适应当今消费者对于服装这一消费品内心真正的需求,充分挖掘潜在需求,为服装企业设计产品、打造品牌、塑造核心竞争力提供新的方法。     

浅析女装设计中的“儿童化”倾向

随着时代快速的发展,人们对于服装的要求已不简单是功能性与技术性,更加关注服装带给人的情感需要。"儿童化"的女装设计运用逆向思维将童趣理念载入服装中,形成一种稚趣、幽默、俏皮、轻松的设计风格,将成年女装实现了"减龄化",迎合了人们对服装的情感需要,在这个宣扬年轻的社会中为成年女性着装多提供了一种选择。本文分析了女装"儿童化"设计的造型特征、色彩与图案、材料、配饰几方面的表现手法,探讨了儿童语言在成年女装中的运用。     

Fit for purpose? Rethinking food security responses in protracted humanitarian crises

The recent rise in the price of food worldwide defied easy categorization. However, the impact of the price hikes on developing country consumption served to refocus attention on food security. Much attention was paid to short-term buffering of nutrition in tandem with new investments in agriculture – a dual approach that served to reinforce a longstanding bifurcation in analysis and programming between “emergency” and “development” categories, suggesting that “emergency” responses deal with immediate needs while “development” means addressing underlying causes with a longer-term lens. The notion of the “relief to development continuum” has long been dismissed as conceptual framework, but has never really been replaced as a programmatic framework. This paper suggests a multi-dimensional way of conceiving of these categories and a more systematic way of thinking about response. Ethiopia is noted as an example where elements of this new approach are taking shape but even Ethiopia has not adopted all of these components in an integrated way, and the programming there has not been comprehensively evaluated.     

Managing and modeling the price reduction effect in mobile telecommunications traffic

As needs for telecommunications services diversify, an increasingly wide range of services is becoming available in the market. Service price reduction is one strategy used by service providers to retain existing subscribers. A price reduction for one service, however, can affect the individual-level usage for other services. Price reductions can also be imposed on a service provider by regulation. For these reasons, understanding how price reductions affect service usage is of growing importance to the telecommunications industry for purposes of pricing and tariff development. In this paper, an individual-level usage model for telecommunications services is developed and the effects on usage of a price reduction are analyzed. The model is applied to age-stratified aggregate traffic data for a Korean mobile telecommunication service provider. Finally, a 0-1 integer programming model is proposed for choosing which market segment should be targeted with a price reduction to minimize revenue loss. These models can be applied to market segmentation and price reduction strategy.     

Managing food price risks and instability in a liberalizing market environment: Overview and policy options

Managing food price risks and instability is a major challenge in the midst of ongoing food market reforms. Key findings from the papers in this special volume revolve around five broad areas: (i) the sources and magnitudes of food price instability in different country contexts; (ii) the economic and social costs stemming from price instability; (iii) the lessons from food market reforms to date; (iv) the design of policy reforms in ways that promote efficient and stable market development and protect the interests of the poor; and (v) potential policy responses to food price instability in a liberalizing market environment.     

Contract costing in outsourcing enterprises: Exploring the benefits of discrete-event simulation

Outsourcing is a business strategy that has received much attention. An increase in outsourcing has a direct influence on the complexity of supply chain networks and on the number of contracts required to manage a supply chain. Outsourcing contracts may be entered into relatively quickly without a full understanding of the true cost implications. The research described here aims to develop tools based on discrete-event simulation to aid outsourcing companies when costing contracts. Currently available software for this type of application is reviewed. A field study is presented from the electronics sector, describing companies’ needs with respect to contract costing and how simulation could be used in the contract costing process. Simulation approaches are described for different contract costing scenarios. The paper concludes with a case study of a preliminary simulation model that has been developed to test the concept with a specific outsourcing scenario.     

数字经济背景下ICT货物贸易的影响因素分析——以"一带一路"沿线国家(地区)为例

本文在阐述“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)ICT(信息通信技术)货物贸易现状的基础上,利用2007~2019年贸易流量数据与空间杜宾模型,实证分析贸易格局与国家产业基础、资源禀赋、营商环境等因素的关系。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)ICT货物贸易呈现出两边高-中间低的空间格局,产业基础是主要影响因素,并存在正向的空间溢出效应;(2)改善本国营商环境、提高城市化水平、扩大经济体量是每个沿线国家(地区)改变其ICT贸易格局的有利举措。同时需要注意对外直接投资、汇率及关税的调节作用,重视经济合作组织的影响;(3)我国应充分发挥贸易的直接和间接效应,积极拓展ICT产业新型基础设施建设,满足人们日益增长的带宽需要及通信需求。     

供应链可靠度管理中的模糊QFD应用

在供应链管理（SCM）中,人们更关注于寻找一种系统的方法,能够在计划阶段对可靠度进行评估。提出了一种模糊QFD模型,使其能够在供应链管理的过程中,传达用户需求与设计参数间的模糊关系;同时提出一套模糊的决策程序：模糊多准则决策．用来寻找一组CRT设计中可靠度需求性能的最优解。主要目的是找出合适的可靠性测试等级,以便使每一条供应链中模糊需求与产品生产参数之间的关系更加合理,以满足用户的需求。