论诚信的经济属性与诚信体系的构建

诚信不单纯是一个伦理道德概念，它本质上属于经济范畴，是经济规律之一。现代市场经济在一定意义上是诚信经济。诚信与盈利、平等交易、自由竞争、遵守游戏规则和法制等，都是市场经济的不可或缺的构成要素。诚信与失信既是矛盾的，在一定条件下又是能够统一的。要遏制与减少市场经济运行中的失信现象，就必须建立诚信体系、发展信用行业、构建信用市场，以确保市场经济的健康发展。     

关于我国企业诚信状况的调查与思考

企业是市场最基本的经济主体和信用主体,在当前的市场经济体制下,企业有无诚信对企业的发展起着非常重要的作用。企业诚信缺失的现象普遍存在,扰乱了市场经济秩序,恶化了市场经济环境,给经济发展和社会稳定带来了很大危害。本文从当前我国企业诚信状况的调查入手,试图找出企业诚信缺失的原因,并提出改善我国企业诚信状况的措施。     

当代企业诚信建设问题的思考

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,诚信建设不仅仅只是伦理道德范畴,俨然已成为经济范畴。然而,近些年我国企业诚信问题屡屡曝光,已严重影响到了我国经济市场健康有序的发展。因此,加强企业诚信建设,对于构筑我国企业诚信体系以保障社会经济的健康发展,乃至和谐社会的建设都具有非常重要的意义。     

市场经济条件下诚信缺失的原因及思考

在我国经济和社会生活中还存在大量诚信缺失现象,其原因主要有:经济转型过程中经济利益膨胀而体制创新滞后,市场经济体制不健全,社会诚信体系没有建立,政府职能转变滞后,政策制定和执行出现某些偏差,法律制度建设有待完善,信用制度亟待法制化,信用失常成本低廉,不讲信用难以受到应有制裁,传统诚信观念衰微,市场经济大潮对人们思想产生负面影响.     

新形势下我国大学生诚信缺失及其对策研究

诚信是人类社会道德体系及个人道德素质中的一种重要品质,它对于个人修身养性、社会交往及治国安邦都具有重要意义.然而,随着我国改革开放的深入进行和社会主义市场经济的进一步发展,诚信缺失现象在各领域内日益凸显,大学生诚信缺失行为更是引起了中国领导人和广大学者的关注和重视.对于大学生诚信缺失问题,应在全社会营造良好的诚信氛围,在高校建立诚信档案,提高大学生诚信意识,充分发挥家庭教育的作用.     

浅议会计诚信体系构建

近年来,曝光的一系列会计舞弊欺诈案件以及与之关联的审计失败案例,使会计业的公信力受到严峻的挑战,会计行业面临一场严重的"诚信危机".诚信能否被社会广泛接受,关键是它是否符合社会发展的必然趋势,是否符合时代的特点和要求.市场经济需要会计诚信.如何重建会计行业的诚信既是我们面临的紧迫问题,也是一项艰巨的任务.文中针对如何构建会计诚信体系提出了初步对策.     

诚信体系建设投入刻不容缓——访北京大学经济学院副院长、中国信用研究中心主任章政

我国社会诚信体系的建设正处于非常关键的时期. 北京大学经济学院副院长、中国信用研究中心主任章政认为,社会诚信体系是一个由道德、经济、法律、社会等多个方面构成的制度体系,一个完备、有效的社会诚信体系是促进经济发展、保持社会稳定的基本条件.他指出,我国社会诚信体系建设正处于由点及面的推进过程中.但是,由于社会诚信体系自身的复杂性,现在社会各界对诚信体系的内涵、定位以及政府与市场的关系等问题仍然缺乏统一认识,各行业信用管理水平参差不齐、信用服务市场尚未形成、信用制度法规不健全等问题已成为制约我国经济社会和谐发展的瓶颈.要解决这个瓶颈性问题,对社会诚信缺失治理的投入应该有足够的认识和安排.为此,《经济》记者以诚信建设投入为主题对话章政主任.     

关于诚信的经济学诠释

诚信是市场经济的基石。现代诚信概念不仅属于道德范畴,也属于经济范畴。主要从诚信内涵的现代转变、诚信作为资本的共性和特性、诚信的建立过程以及诚信的经济绩效等方面对诚信进行经济学分析。     

诚信缺失及其根源分析

诚信是一种社会资源，但在社会经济运行的过程中，由于利益摩擦的增加，不但这种资源的功能没有发挥出来，而且诚信缺失现象大量存在，增加了诚信成本，扰乱了市场秩序，目前，应通过诚信环境的建设，促进社会主义市场经济的发展。     

浅析会计诚信问题及解决途径

在市场经济的条件下,会计诚信对西家、企业以及会计人员都是很重要.但是现今,会计诚信缺失已经成为了我国经济中的一个突出问题,治理会计失真问题刻不容缓.本文对会计诚信缺失的危害及其原因做了简单的分析,并提出了解决会计诚信缺失的对策.     

非典危机考验企业诚信

文章以非典危机为背景 ,分析了诚信对经济、法律和社会生活的影响以及在这次危机中诚信企业和失信企业的种种表现 ,指出市场经济是诚信经济和信用经济 ,在我国必须形成诚信经营的市场运作机制 ;我国企业要参与国际竞争 ,就必须坚持诚信经营的市场经济原则 ;本文指出此次非典危机使诚信重新上升为全国人民统一的价值观念 ,这将促使全社会以讲诚信讲信用为荣的社会风气的升扬。     

市场经济的道德要求

诚信是社会的基础,更是市场经济发展的基石。社会主义中国本该是一个极有诚信的国家,但在市场经济条件下,社会很多方面利益与诚信天平失衡,诚信缺失已成为一个严重的现实问题。市场经济确实与诚信原则有矛盾的地方,但绝不是市场无道德,市场经济与诚信原则有一致的一面。现阶段诚信的缺失主要是中国计划经济向市场经济转型,市场经济没有完全建立起来,原有的道德规范已经远远不能适应社会发展的需要,而新的道德规范尚未形成。社会需要形成新的道德规范。     

A note on the welfare consequences of wage indexing in a stochastic economy

This note surveys the welfare and real consequences of wage indexing in a stochastic economy whose monetary authority lacks credibility. It shows in a unified framework that those consequences might differ markedly depending on the nature and timing of the dominant disturbance in that economy. It finally provides a closed-form expression of the optimal level of wage indexing when all the shocks are taken into account.Received: July 2002, Accepted: February 2004, JEL Classification: E61Pierre-Guillaume Méon: I thank Giuseppe Diana and an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. The remaining errors are definitely mine.     

Big Brother is also being watched: Measuring fiscal credibility

Fiscal policy is less credible than monetary policy, due to political economy issues. This paper provides an explicit measure of fiscal credibility, based on the anchoring of private expectations onto official targets. It documents how credibility varied among a sample of 27 European countries over 1995–2019. Credibility behaves like a stock of trust that is affected by fiscal policy, past performance, and institutions (fiscal rules and councils). This paper highlights how regular government communication – budgets and fiscal plans – is crucial to anchor expectations and buttress credibility. Last, it shows that credibility is associated with better sovereign financing conditions. Governments should thus strive to maintain their credibility.     

Contractual nullification of economically-detrimental state-made laws

An economy may remain robust in the face of efficiency-inhibiting state-made rules if individuals are able to establish effective sources of credibility that do not rely on the state. After explaining how non-state sources of trust and private recourse evolve to enhance credibility, examples of contracting around undesirable rules in United States are discussed. The potential for contractual nullification varies considerably, however, in part because of state action that limits civil-society and/or market activities. In many less robust economies, there are even more significant barriers to building private sources of trust and recourse, undermining the potential for contractual nullification. JEL Code D230, K120, O170     

Beliefs about Exchange‐Rate Stability: Survey Evidence from the Currency Board in Bulgaria

Abstract

Currency pegs seldom achieve full credibility even after delivering low inflation and a stable exchange rate for many years. We use unique survey data from Bulgaria’s currency board to investigate the origins of incomplete credibility. We show that the limitations imposed by the currency board on output stabilization policies are a major source of concern. Many people view the financial stabilization policies as a reason for high unemployment and therefore as unsustainable. Another important factor for low credibility is the concern over potential international shocks. Conversely, past instability does not seem to translate strongly into expectations of future instability.     

Macroeconomic environment,country risk and stock market performance: Evidence for Brazil

The paper aims at providing empirical evidence about (i) the influence of macroeconomic variables and economic policies on country risk and (ii) the influence of macroeconomic variables and country risk on the main Brazilian index of the stock market (Ibovespa). The study analyzes the role that macroeconomic fundamentals plays, but also the role that the credibility of the regime of inflation targeting and the reputation of the central bank play in lessening country risk and in the improvement of the stock market performance. The empirical evidence was obtained through the application of ordinary least squares (OLS), generalized method of moments (GMM) and GMM systems. The results found suggest that monetary policy and public debt management, as well as credibility and reputation affect country risk and the performance of the Brazilian stock market.     

关于社会主义与市场经济相结合的若干思考

对社会主义制度与市场经济能不能结合、如何结合的问题,学术界一直议论纷纷.邓小平提出,市场经济是发展生产的方法、调节经济的手段,资本主义可以用,社会主义也可以用.这才使人们从思想上把市场经济等同于资本主义的观点束缚下解放了出来,从而为我们建立社会主义市场经济体制奠定了理论基础.当人们谈到社会主义市场经济与资本主义市场经济的区别时,往往只是指出社会主义制度与资本主义制度的区别,而没有指出社会主义条件下的市场经济与资本主义条件下的市场经济有什么区别,仿佛不管在什么社会制度下,市场经济都没有什么区别,也不会有区别.笔者认为,社会主义基本制度和市场经济机制在结合过程中,它们的具体实现形式都会发生一定的变化,从而相互渗透、相互影响、相互融合成为一个整体.社会主义制度和市场经济机制各自在坚持自身的本质特征的情况下,在具体实现形式方面相互适应对方的需要做出调整,才能形成作为一个有机整体的社会主义市场经济体制.     

政府公信力与区域经济增长——基于新经济地理学的空间经济分析

政府公信力反映了公众对政府行为的满意程度,对区域经济发展具有重要的影响作用。政府公信力具有明显的空间差异性,是区域经济发展的重要空间向度。基于新经济地理学的空间经济建模技术,显著具有空间差异性的政府公信力完全可以纳入到空间经济增长理论模型当中,这不仅可以深入探究政府公信力在区域经济增长中的作用机制,而且通过理论分析和模型推演还可以进一步揭示出,政府公信力在区域经济增长的路径选择上具有重要的作用,是区域经济差异化的重要推进力量。     

Does clarity of central bank communication affect credibility? Evidences considering governor-specific effects

Central banks have made great efforts to increase transparency and accountability to the public. Since then, studies seek empirical evidences about the effects of monetary policy communication over agent’s expectations. The recent literature on central bank communication draws attention to the importance of clarity of central bank communication. However, researches on this theme are still scarce, and there are few empirical studies with conclusive findings. Our study seeks empirical evidences on the relation between clarity of central bank communication and credibility of monetary policy. Estimates through different methods aim to identify whether clarity of central bank communication improves credibility. The study is the first to provide empirical evidence that a clearer communication can improve credibility. We also consider the differences between the two governors who ruled the Central Bank of Brazil in the period under analysis. The results indicate that a clear communication can improve credibility, but it depends on the commitment of the central banker with the goal of inflation control. Furthermore, estimates based on quantile regression indicate that the benefit brought by the clarity to the credibility depends on the commitment of the monetary authority with the goal guiding inflation expectations.