基于议价博弈论的无线协作中继网络性能改进算法

针对自私性无线协作中继(CR)网络中的放大再中继(AF)和解码再中继(DF)协议,分别给出 公平且有效率的协作中继功率分配方案。两种方案虽然具体研究内容有差别,但有着共同 的研究策略。首先,将节点间的协作功率选择问题建模为纳什议价博弈问题(NBP);然后, 通过求取其纳什议价解(NBS)获得协作节点的共赢策略;最后,针对AF和DF协议分别给出计 算机仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出协作中继性能改进算法的效率性体现在所有协作节点在AF 和DF协议中均获得信号接收质量的提高,其公平性则体现在任意节点为其协作伙伴所贡献的 转发功率大小仅取决于对方为其带来的性能增益大小。     

面向ICN的非合作博弈优化缓存策略

针对信息中心网络（Information-Centric Network，ICN）的缓存分布问题，提出了一种基于非合作博弈算法(Non-cooperative Game)的优化缓存策略。算法将ICN网络建模成复杂网络，采用非合作博弈框架，兼顾用户服务质量（Quality of Service,QoS）的情况下，综合缓存节点距离、能效和流行度对网络中每个节点构建相应的效用函数，采用分布式迭代算法解出非合作博弈的纳什均衡解，得到全局最优的效用函数值，获取最佳的缓存分配结果。仿真结果表明，在用户请求次数和请求内容流行度不断增加的情况下，使用非合作博弈算法可以减少网络整体能耗，提高平均缓存命中率，减少平均响应跳数。     

气质对谈判的影响探析

介绍了气质及其有关理论,分析了人的4种气质类型（多血质、胆汁质、粘液质、抑郁质）在商务谈判中的典型特征表现,每种气质类型对谈判的影响既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面,对于任何一个谈判者都应辩证对待。在商务交往谈判中对于不同气质类型的谈判者,我们应该考虑各种类型气质人的优点和缺点,采取适宜的谈判策略,才能促使谈判获得成功。企业在组建谈判团队时,应考虑不同类型的谈判者与谈判对手以及团队成员之间人际关系协调问题,还应依据科学的气质观来选择谈判成员和合理分配谈判工作的指导建议。     

效益分享型EMC利益分配的博弈分析——基于合作与非合作博弈解的比较

合同能源管理(EMC),是一种基于市场节能的新机制,其显著特征是通过市场的调节,以及用能企业和节能服务公司(ESCo)之间的谈判与协调,实现各自利益的最大化。合同能源管理(EMC)的核心问题之一就是进行合理的利益分配。文章将用能企业和节能服务公司作为参与双方,构建了二人合作博弈模型,应用纳什谈判公理解决了节能效益分享型合同能源管理(EMC)中的利益分配问题。最后通过实例分析加以说明。     

一种适用于超密集网络下行链路的干扰抑制方案

在超密集网络（UDN）下行链路场景中,为了有效克服因节点间距减小、邻近节点传输损耗相差不大而产生多个强度相近的干扰源对用户性能的影响,提出了一种基于优先级以用户为中心的小区间干扰抑制方案。为了便于量化基站协作取得的带宽性能增益,采用了一种计算带宽盈亏率的定量分析指标。通过该指标,易于确定在特定UDN场景下干扰协调方案是否处于盈利状态,进而通过系统能够接受的最大损耗比优化参数配置。仿真结果表明,该干扰抑制方案能显著提升用户的信号干扰噪声比（SINR）性能,且能更好地保障用户公平性,有效地克服了用户SINR性能在基站数较多时受天线数限制的缺陷,为提升UDN网络用户性能和系统性能提供了一种解决方案。     

一种基于混合智能算法的协作中继选择新方法

针对多用户多中继场景下协作通信系统的中继选择问题,提出了一种基于混合智能算法的协作中继选择新方法。不同于现有的为每个源节点分配一个中继节点的中继选择方法,新方法建立了为每个源节点分配一个或多个中继节点的优化模型,以最大化多用户多中继协作系统的最小接收信噪比为优化目标,采用结合了模拟退火与遗传算法的混合智能算法来搜寻中继选择问题的最优解。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著提高目的端的接收信噪比,且算法具有较强的全局搜索和快速寻优能力。     

企业商务谈判作用及谈判策略分析

伴随经济全球化和我国对外开放力度的加大,国际贸易竞争变得日益激烈,为了能够化解国际贸易合作双方之间的矛盾纠纷问题,实现合作双方的共赢,需要在合作谈判的时候加强对合作谈判手段的应用。为此,文章在阐述商务谈判策略内涵、构成要素、特点的基础上,分析企业商务谈判的作用,并从谈判前的准备、谈判技巧、谈判策略等方面实现有效的商务谈判。     

商务谈判策略研究综述与构想

商务谈判是一种微观层面的经济谈判,其谈判策略的优劣是影响商务谈判活动能否顺利进行的核心问题,也是商务谈判领域的研究难点之一。本文首先从传统意义上的商务谈判和自动化的商务谈判两个层面评述了谈判策略的研究现状及其有代表性的学术观点;随后本文进一步提出了在未来商务谈判研究中所需关注的适应性策略研究热点问题,以识别当前研究状况的不足,并提出进一步的研究方向。     

浅析“合作原则”在企业外贸英语谈判中的应用

本文从格莱斯会话合作原理中的合作原则出发,分析了这一原则在外贸英语谈判中的应用,不断优化外贸英语谈判策略,实现最大化商业价值。     

论企业大客户随机合同谈判策略

在市场竞争日趋激烈的经济环境中,各种经济组织之间的商业合作往来变得日益频繁。企业双方或者多方为了达到一定的经济目的而相互进行沟通和磋商的谈判活动在企业管理和企业营销中的地位越来越显得重要。与对企业具有战略意义的大客户进行合同谈判,以取得长期稳定的合作关系,是工业企业在激烈的竞争环境中求得发展的必然战略选择。本文界定了大客户合同谈判的相关概念;分析了大客户的开发过程;并提出了企业与大客户进行随机合同谈判的基本策略。     

Disagreement points in trade negotiations

This paper analyzes trade negotiations between two large countries in the framework of an alternating-offer bargaining model with endogenous interim disagreement actions. Despite of the flexibility in disagreement tariff selection, the countries would keep the status quo tariffs in disagreement periods as far as the country which benefits from keeping the status quo tariffs compensates for the other country’s foregone gains from deviating in disagreement actions. Each equilibrium outcome converges to a corresponding Nash bargaining solution whose disagreement point reflects the status quo tariff rates as well as the threat of raising the tariff to the Nash tariff rate.     

Quid pro quo and the enforcement of intellectual property rights protection: A bargaining approach

This article models a North–South negotiation where the North provides a quid pro quo in exchange for the strengthening of the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in the South. We show that when Northern and Southern firms compete on quantity in the Southern market, the South's optimal choice is either complete protection or complete violation, irrespective of different levels of IPR protection being available. We show this to depend on the Southern government's valuation of the quid pro quo and the Northern firm's level of technology.     

海外并购剩余效应研究--以中国上市公司为例

利用双边随机前沿模型研究我国上市公司海外并购的剩余效应,并探讨海外并购特征对并购交易价格的影响。结果发现：国外企业凭借其议价能力可获得53．2%的剩余,而我国上市公司可获剩余略小,为47．9%,因而我国上市公司将被迫接受一个高于均衡价格约5．3%的并购交易价格;非国有上市公司获得的净剩余较国有上市公司略多;我国上市公司海外并购的交易特征,如支付方式、是否重大购、是否资产收购、公司独立董事比例以及管理层持股比例等因素上的异质性,对该交易价格均具有显著影响。     

Web Services for Negotiation and Bargaining in Electronic Markets: Design Requirements, Proof-of-Concepts, and Potential Applications to e-Procurement

Information Systems researchers continue to develop Web services hoping that, in a near future, these services will be widely offered in the e-marketplace, using a Web-based protocol that is universally adopted for posting, locating and invoking available services. Posting services does not, however, necessarily lead to market transactions, and a number of brokering activities are needed to facilitate trade. These include, but are not limited to, service discovery and ranking, price negotiation and contract preparation. We propose a set of Web services that support the process of negotiation and bargaining to facilitate the matching of supply and demand of Web services. As a market broker, these web services would help (a) discover the supply/demand of web services in e-marketplaces; (b) find the most appropriate available service for a specific request; (c) facilitate services be modified if needed to satisfy user's needs; (d) arbitrate the pricing mechanism with the recourse to bargaining whenever necessary; and (e) generate a contract. As a proof of concept, we illustrate the potential use of Web services for negotiation and bargaining in e-procurement.     

How Does “3-D Negotiation” Move Beyond in a Dimension of a Win–Win–Win Approach for Integrated Bargaining Solution Analysis of Vertical Cooperative Advertising Campaigns?

The research aim of this study was to examine the possibility to investigate win–win–win Spais-Papakonstantinidis model in order to develop an integrated bargaining solution analysis for vertical advertising campaigns under the prism of the “3-D Negotiation.” First, the author provided some summary points of the critical case of Proctor & Gamble (P&G) and Wal-Mart. Second, the utility functions were extended based on author's previous works and the findings of the critical case study. The author considered a simplified situation where a brand manufacturer and an independent retailer are renegotiating, assuming that the negotiations occur in an incomplete and asymmetric information environment.     

Labor-management contract negotiations in an electronic meeting room: A case study

We present perhaps the first case study of labor-management contract talks conducted in an electronic meeting room supported by a computer Negotiation Support System (NSS). The organization's union and management representatives spent a total of 57 hours (13 sessions) in the electronic meeting room; their efforts resulted successfully in a contract ratified by both sides. The NSS described comprised three tools from theGroup Systems electronic meeting system and three ad hoc tools. Besides the NSS, three other intervention factors were introduced in tandem with the NSS: new negotiation process techniques, the active involvement of third party mediators, and a unique negotiation setting. The new process techniques were introduced based on the goals of integrative bargaining and the Win-Win techniques. The negotiation process was divided into three distinct stages: strategy, issues, and bargaining.     

黑龙江省国有企业下岗失业人员的出路在哪里

作为老工业基地的黑龙江省面临着国有企业下岗失业问题的深深困扰,究其原因,这与黑龙江省国有企业的比重过大、资源型工业企业经营困难、国有企业改革深化等因素密切相关。国有企业下岗失业人员增多又给黑龙江省的经济发展、社会稳定带来巨大考验。为此,必须尽快为国有企业下岗失业人员提供再就业的渠道,或者为他们自己创造就业提供条件。     

Managing MNC-Government Negotiations in Saudi Arabia: The Key Role of Elites

This article explores the relationships between multinational corporations (MNCs) and a host country, in this case Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom). The interests of Saudi businesses and the political elite, along with the evolution of their relationship are surveyed. Furthermore, the validity of traditional and two-tier models of bargaining between MNCs and developing countries are assessed in the context of the Kingdom. It is argued that while both models may be useful, the two fail to capture the nature of MNCs-Saudi Arabia bargaining process. These two models are revised and enriched to adequately reflect the Kingdom's specific advantage, the nature of its national firms, and the unique relations it has with MNCs and their home countries. The study concludes that under current global political and economic conditions, the elite and MNCs interests appear to converge around business objectives.     

Simulated Negotiations in the Hiring of a Salesforce Manager: Tests of Two-Person Bargaining Solutions

This paper examines the ability to predict bargaining outcomes consistent with Nash, Kalai-Smorodinsky, and Gupta-Livne bargaining models as well as two heuristic solutions based on interpersonal (cardinal) comparisons of utility. Equal earning and equal loss solutions are developed from bargainers' multi-attribute utility functions. An experimental test of these bargaining solutions is conducted for simulated negotiations between a representative of sales force management and a representative of sales force employees over the hire of a regional sales manager. Results show that proportional (Kalai-Smorodinsky) solutions are generally more likely when bargaining is conducted in attribute space, and equal loss solutions are more likely in utility space.     

双芯片电力线通信网络解决方案

介绍了电力线通信网络技术,分析了低压配电网对信号传输衰减大、干扰强、阻抗变化复杂的信道特性,推出了采用改进的正交频分复用(OFDM)技术的双芯片电力线通信网络解决方案。