P2P网络借贷平台经营行为的法律分析与监管研究

从法律关系上看,P2P网络借贷平台本身的经营行为与P2P网络借贷行为的法律性质大不相同的两个法律行为。通过深入剖析各主要类型P2P网络借贷平台的经营行为发现,P2P网络借贷平台的资金流向、单笔借款金额和对应出借人的数量,以及P2P网络借贷平台是否采取必要措施防范借款人从事非法集资等,都会涉及触犯非法集资底线的问题。其中,对债权转让型P2P和保本型P2P网络借贷平台的经营行为,不能直接等同于非法集资;但如果其经营模式选择不当,就会涉嫌非法集资或非法从事金融业务。为有效解决各类P2P网络借贷平台的合法性问题,可以从改善资金托管方式、限制借款金额和出借人数量、强化债权转让管理、规范平台保证责任、赋予P2P网络借贷平台部分业务合法性等方面,加强对P2P网络借贷平台的行为监管。     

P2P网络借贷模式洗钱风险及应对措施探析

P2P网络借贷,即在网上实现借贷,随着互联网的普及和人们对资本便利快捷的需求应运而生。然而,P2P网络借贷本身存在的监管空缺及贷款用途审核不足等问题,可能被洗钱分子利用,需从完善监管法规、加强网络平台建设、加强国际合作等方面入手,加大对P2P网络借贷的反洗钱力度。     

国外P2P网络借贷平台的监管及对我国的启示

近年来,随着网络的普及和使用率的上升,P2P网络借贷作为新生事物的出现在一定程度上解决了个人及中小企业融资难的问题。但是,作为一种民间借贷形式,国内网络借贷平台目前处于监管“真空”状态,“谁来管,如何管”一直是多方争论的焦点。在借鉴美、英等国对P2P网络借贷的监管模式的同时,结合目前国内监管现状,对我国规范发展P2P网络借贷平台提出相应的政策建议。     

中国P2P网络借贷的发展现状及前景

P2P网络借贷是一种依托于网络而形成的新型金融服务模式,性质上属于小额民间借贷,其方式灵活、手续简便,为个人提供了新的融资渠道和融资便利,是现有银行体系的有益补充。我国P2P网络借贷未来的发展面临着个人信用体系不健全、相关法律法规缺失和行业自律性较差等障碍。作为一项金融创新,P2P网络借贷在发展初期遇到一些问题难以避免,在对其进行规范的同时,应给予其一定的发展空间。对商业银行而言,既要按照银监会要求,防范民间借贷风险向银行系统的转移,亦应关注其中的业务机会,积极开展对P2P网络借贷平台的资金监管服务。     

我国P2P网络借贷发展现状及其监管思考

P2P网络借贷,是指帮助投资者与借款人实现直接借贷行为的中介服务行业。发展P2P网络借贷对缓解我国小微企业及个人融资难问题具有非常重要的意义。自2007年“拍拍贷”网贷平台成立以来,我国网络借贷平台数量日益增长,对小额贷款领域贡献明显,但同时由于监管的缺位,一些P2P网络借贷平台不规范操作引发的风险给整个行业发展带来一定的隐患。通过对我国现阶段P2P网贷平台运行模式、发展规模等现状进行梳理总结,发现网贷平台发展良莠不齐,存在借款利率过高和监管不力等问题,为此提出了加快制定相应规章制度、加强监管、完善平台信息公布和加强平台内外部合作等规范P2P网络借贷的政策建议。     

我国P2P网络借贷的风险及其防范措施研究

随着互联网金融的快速发展,P2P网络借贷也雨后春笋般的涌现,P2P网络借贷虽然在中国发展的时间并不长,但借助于互联网金融的大浪潮,近期发展态势却如火如荼。对于中国来说P2P网络借贷仍然是个新鲜的事物,在监管等各方面也有很多不足,其存在的风险不容小觑。通过介绍P2P平台网络借贷,让更多人了解他产生背景和基本特征。其次对我国网络借贷平台存在的风险加以分析,提高投资者的风险意识,最后针对以上风险本文提出了一些防范措施。     

P2P网络借贷监管的国际经验及借鉴

近年来,随着互联网技术的不断进步和民间资本的日益活跃,P2P网络借贷开始出现并快速发展,其隐藏的风险也逐渐显现。本文通过分析国内P2P网络借贷发展中暴露的风险,总结其监管的国际经验,并据此提出加强我国P2P网络借贷监管的政策建议。     

异化的P2P网络借贷平台之风险探究——以拍拍贷为对照

2015年国家相继出台司法解释和指导意见等,正视民间借贷并作出相应规范。自P2P网络借贷在我国发展以来,借贷平台不断出现异化,与传统的P2P网络借贷相比存在诸多风险,本文将从法律风险和运营风险两方面,以发展最久且较好的拍拍贷为对照进行探究,认为异化的平台主要存在非法集资、诈骗、洗钱等法律风险和破产、平台系统安全、被依法取缔等运营风险。     

P2P网络借贷行业自律:理论模型与跨国经验北大核心

行业自律在政府监管和网络借贷平台之间起到良好的缓冲和调节作用,它有利于营造效率更高、方式更灵活的监管环境,提高监管的弹性和有效性。P2P网络借贷行业的良治离不开行业自律。本文在对相关文献进行回顾和评述的基础上,首先基于P2P网络借贷行业自律参与主体,构建P2P网络借贷行业自律成本—收益的理论模型,研究P2P网络借贷平台自律与否的策略选择行为;其次,鉴于英、美等主要发达国家具有P2P网络借贷行业发展的先发优势,分析这些国家P2P网络借贷行业自律的跨国经验,并进行经验比较;最后,基于理论模型与跨国经验,以及中国的发展现状和存在问题,提出了促进我国P2P网络借贷行业自律的对策建议,如提高行业协会覆盖率、完善会员惩罚激励机制等。     

区块链能拯救P2P网络借贷吗?

随着互联网金融的异军突起,金融服务的可获得性有所提高,小微企业"融资难、融资贵"有望走出困境,金融资源"错配"难题开始逐步缓解,但作为互联网金融主要业态的P2P网络借贷行业仍然乱象丛生、问题频发。区块链技术近年来备受关注,其具有分布式记账、点对点直接交易、信息不可篡改、公开透明、推动智能合约走向现实等特点,可以在一定程度上缓解当前P2P网络借贷行业存在的诸多乱象,但将区块链技术嵌入P2P网络借贷平台还面临一系列技术和管理难题,还需要监管主体、P2P网络借贷行业共同探索、不断尝试。     

Credit rationing in P2P lending to SMEs: Do lender-borrower relationships matter?

This paper studies the role of individual P2P investors that are acquainted with the borrower in mitigating credit rationing in P2P lending to SMEs. I use proprietary data provided by one of the biggest Dutch P2P lending platforms, on which personal acquaintances of the borrower are able to invest before other P2P investors do. I find that P2P investors invest more in loans of borrowers to whom they are personally acquainted. More initial investment by investors acquainted with the borrower is subsequently associated with a higher likelihood of obtaining a second loan from the P2P lender, larger investments by other P2P investors and lower ex post defaults. These results are consistent with informal lenders having superior information or monitoring skills and rational herding following informal investors' investment decisions.     

Seeing is important: the usefulness of video information in P2P

P2P lending is an important research subject of rising internet finance research. This paper uses unique data from Renrendai, a leading platform in China, to test the influence of video information on P2P lending behavior. Results suggest that, first, the lower the borrower's credit rating is, the more likely they are to provide video information. Second, compared to the video‐information‐absent borrowers, the otherwise borrowers can get easier access to a loan and offer a lower interest rate. These results indicate that compared to text messages, video information can increase the borrower's creditworthiness and reduce the transaction risk. Thereupon seeing is important in online P2P lending. Third, when the borrower's credit rating is lower, the video effect is significant. The study makes sense in terms of the enrichment of P2P lending literature and the enlightenment on decision‐making of both lenders and borrowers.     

“草根”金融P2P信贷模式探究

P2P信贷即网络信贷,具有小额、无担保、快捷、网络化的特点,又被称作"草根"金融模式。P2P信贷模式在全球范围内发展迅猛,迸发出强劲的生命力,近几年我国也相继诞生了上千家P2P信贷平台。通过对P2P信贷模式的运营模式、自身优点和存在的风险进行研究分析,进而提出解决P2P信贷风险的建议。     

Textual sentiment of comments and collapse of P2P platforms: Evidence from China's P2P market

Textual sentiment affects the investment activities of investors in traditional financial markets. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending market, as one of the emerging and active Internet financial markets, has recently received considerable attention from academia. However, few related studies are available. This work examines the relationship between the textual sentiment derived from investors’ comments on P2P platforms and probability of platform collapse. We collect comments from an authoritative Chinese third-party P2P lending consulting platform and use a weakly supervised convolutional neural network to calculate the textual sentiment of each comment. Empirical results show that the extracted textual sentiment has a significant influence on a P2P platform's collapse. Furthermore, the “agreement” and “disagreement” from other investors of each comment are pivotal in predicting a P2P platform's failure. We find that the textual sentiment of comments regarding P2P platforms from investor communities provide insights into predicting platforms’ collapse in the near future.     

网络借贷生态环境的缺陷及其治理研究

网络借贷作为金融与科技融合的数字金融业态,市场需求旺盛,未来必然会长期作用于民间金融。网络借贷在发展中存在着诸多问题,是源于网络借贷生态环境的缺陷。网络借贷需要在规范经营中探索业务模式和监管方式的创新,加强监管协调,引入“监管沙盒”机制。因此,需要加强大数据、云计算、人工智能在网络借贷中的应用,并完善社会征信体系和法制体系,改善社会信用环境,完善行业自律机制,建立良好的网络借贷生态环境,以促进网络借贷健康可持续发展。     

Venture capital certification and customer response: Evidence from P2P lending platforms

This paper examines whether the certification effect of VCs extends to firm's potential customers, and whether, by certifying firms' values to potential customers, VCs provide value to firms. Using weekly trading data from P2P lending platforms in China, we find that the amount of loans facilitated and the number of lenders increase significantly by 25.7% and 49.3%, respectively, immediately after announcements that P2P lending platforms obtain VC investment. We find that this certification effect increases with measures of VC reputation and measures of information asymmetry between P2P lending platforms and potential customers. A difference-in-differences analysis provides consistent results, which are robust after controlling for the effects of news, advertising, and funding. We also document that VC-backed platforms are less likely to default than non-VC-backed platforms. This result provides indirect evidence that VC backing has long-term benefits beyond the news and advertising effects.     

P2P网络借贷平台发展趋势分析

P2P网络借贷平台作为互联网金融业态的重要形式,以其不受时间和空间限制的灵活性,低廉的操作成本,越来越得到小微企业和个人贷款用户的青睐,其业务内容已经从早期的借贷信息发布和交易撮合向其它借贷和金融服务范畴发展,其服务形式、交易模式、风险控制方法也不断变化,与银行等金融机构合作逐渐深入,成为传统金融机构的有利补充。本文通过对上海地区P2P网络借贷企业的调研,从P2P业务所面临的问题,其发展过程中存在的消极和积极因素,客户需求和政策影响等内容出发,对P2P平台的发展趋势进行分析。     

P2P业务中的金融消费权益保护问题研究

近年来我国P2P网贷行业快速发展,但随着一批P2P公司陷入兑付困境,其背后隐藏的风险也开始显现。本文在介绍P2P存在的管理不规范等问题的基础上,剖析了导致这些问题的根源——立法空白、监管缺失、自律不足,最后提出了明确监管法规和部门、建立平台资金管理机制、加强信息披露等建议。     

Empirical analysis of the average asset correlation for real estate investment trusts

The credit risk capital requirements within the current Basel II Accord are based on the asymptotic single risk factor (ASRF) approach. The asset correlation parameter, defined as an obligor's sensitivity to the ASRF, is a key driver within this approach, and its average values for different types of obligors are to be set by regulators. Specifically, for commercial real estate (CRE) lending, the average asset correlations are to be determined using formulas for either income-producing real estate or high-volatility commercial real estate. In this paper, the value of this parameter was empirically examined using portfolios of U.S. publicly-traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) as a proxy for CRE lending more generally. CRE lending as a whole was found to have the same calibrated average asset correlation as corporate lending, providing support for the recent U.S. regulatory decision to treat these two lending categories similarly for regulatory capital purposes. However, the calibrated values for CRE categories, such as multi-family residential or office lending, varied in important ways. The comparison of calibrated and regulatory values of the average asset correlations for these categories suggests that the current regulatory formulas generate parameter values that may be too high in most cases.     

基于结构洞理论的农村民间借贷监管研究

随着正规金融机构涉农融资增速的减缓以及农民融资需求的增加,近年来我国农村民间借贷活动更趋活跃,而监管缺失是农村民间借贷纠纷事件频繁发生的重要原因之一。本文运用结构洞理论深入分析农村民间借贷活动的特征及风险,并提出监管对策建议。