日本中小企业金融支持模式及特点

政府主导型金融机制对日本战后经济重建和实现产业政策目标、建立独立的工业和国民经济体系发挥了巨大作用.日本很重视对中小企业融资的扶持,并确立了以民间为主体,并以政府为补充的中小企业金融体系.在政策金融领域,政府通过设立不同种类的国有政策性金融机构为中小企业的发展提供资金支持.日本战后成立的政策性金融机构满足了企业技术创新对资金的需求,从而引导了民问金融机构的融资,进而带动了社会庞大的资金存量向技术创新转移.     

战后日本银行的宏观管理

日本的中央银行——日本银行自1882年创立到现在,已有100多年的历史。它经历了日本从资本主义原始积累到垄断的全过程。在战后日本经济的发展过程中,日本银行利用其独特的宏观管理方式,制定适宜的金融政策并保证其顺利地实施,对日本经济起了重要的推动作用。本文拟从日本银行的宏观管理角度,对日本银行的组织结构、金融政策目标及手段等做一分析。一、建立与政府密切联系、与民间金融机构紧密配合的决策与执行机构,加强对民间金融机构的管理。日本银行为了更好地制定金融政策并保     

日本政策性金融体系发展改革的经验、教训及启示

日本政策性金融曾在支持日本经济战后重建,推动日本经济实现赶超战略中发挥了积极作用.但是,随着日本民间金融市场的发展,原有政策性金融的职能、定位、业务范围等均已不适应形势发展的需要.日本政府为更好地发挥市场机制的作用,进行了两次大规模的政策性金融改革.日本政策性金融发展过程中遇到的问题及改革思路和措施,对深化我国正在进行的政策性金融机构改革具有一定的借鉴和启示意义.     

浅析温州民间借贷模式对银行小额贷款的影响

温州市民营经济发达,民间资金充裕,民间金融也非常活跃。但是近年来出现的"民间借贷风波"、"资金链断裂"和"老板跑路"等问题对温州地区经济和社会稳定造成了一定影响,2012年3月28日,国务院决定设立温州市金融综合改革试验区,批准实施《浙江省温州市金融综合改革试验区总体方案》。方案中明确指出,要加快发展新型金融组织,鼓励和支持民间资金参与地方金融机构改革,依法发起设立或参股村镇银行、     

日本开发银行及其组织设置

日本开发银行及其组织设置胡长顺日本开发银行是１９５１年４月根据《日本开发银行法》设立、由政府全额出资的综合性政策金融机构。在战后复兴期、高度经济成长期、稳定成长期，以长期、低息资金的供给为支柱，补充完善了民间金融，并顺应国家政策课题的变化调整了融资的...     

战后日本政府金融机构在经济发展中的作用

战后,日本在经济恢复时期,调整和改革了经济体制,与此同时,也对金融体制进行了整顿,解散了为战争服务的一些特殊银行,到1955年已建立了一套比较完整的金融体制。在整顿中,除了调整和增设一系列民间金融机构外,又新建了一批政府金融机构(指由政府金额出资,按特殊法成立的特殊法人,一般是不接受民间存款的非营业组织)。这些经济组织是配合国家各项经济政策,办理政策性贷款的金融机构。其主要任务是以财政投资贷款形式,向垄断企业提供长期低息贷款,弥补民间银行对私人企业放款之不足。日本政府金融机     

日本政策金融改革的进展及其意义

日本的政策金融在战后初期到经济高速增长的过程中,由于其承担了民间力所不及的金融功能,为经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。但是,在经济发展步入正轨、民间金融的体制建设取得进展、实力逐渐壮大之后,政策金融的规模仍持续扩大。政策金融本身并不能保证资金的合理配置,庞大的政策金融的存在无疑会阻碍民间金融正常和充分发挥其功能。现阶段,日本正在努力提高企业的竞争力,激发经济活力,加快金融市场建设,充分发挥民间金融的作用无疑是迫切需要解决的课题,这就必须尽快解除政策金融对民间金融的桎梏。     

地方金融改革创新一览

金融是经济的血液．是做大做强实体经济的强大支撑。随着温州金融综合改革试验区的设立,接踵而来的地方金融创新与改革呼之欲出。作为民营经济先发区的宁波,极有可能成为承接温州金改试点后继政策创新与改革的主阵地和桥头堡,这也将有力推动民间资本阳光化,进一步夯实实体经济发展基础．对良好地方金融生态构建和经济转型发展形成深远影响。     

民营银行的“热”与上市银行的“冷”

2013年7月初，国务院办公厅颁布了《关于金融支持经济结构调整和转型升级的指导意见》，意见共十条，其中第九条指出：扩大民间资本进入金融业：鼓励民间资本投资入股金融机构和参与金融机构重组改造。允许发展成熟、经营稳健的村镇银行在最低股比要求内，调整丰发起行与其他股东持股比例。尝试由民间资本发起设立白担风险的民营银行、金融租赁公司和消费金融公司等金融机构。     

国有银行改革发展的路径选择

当前关于经济改革的讨论颇多，其中金融改革更被大家视为经济改革的重要内容。在有关金融改革的讨论中，目前大家比较关心利率市场化、资本账户开放、民营银行设立等问题，而对现有金融机构的改革似乎讨论不多。笔者认为机构改革是我国金融改革的微观基础，如果金融机构是不完全的市场化主体，很多市场化金融改革举措的效果可能大打折扣。而在我国金融机构体系中，国有银行是主体也是改革的重心。     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

文化传播中电视暴力对青少年侵犯行为的影响

伴随当代传媒产业的蓬勃发展,暴力也成为影视艺术基本的叙事类型及消费主义文化日趋盛行的现实语境。＂电视暴力＂是作为＂媒介暴力＂的一个子概念存在的;从文化传播看电视暴力,其覆盖面大,且易于接触;电视暴力对受众特别是青少年的影响巨大而深刻。要从制作者、传播者和观众三个方面的自律出发,建立适应我国国情的影视分级制。