机构投资者能改进上市公司高管的薪酬激励吗?

次贷危机爆发以来,公司高管的巨额薪酬成为众矢之的。随着我国机构投资者的迅速崛起,市场对机构投资者改进上市公司治理寄予了厚望。我国的机构投资者能否对上市公司高管的薪酬激励和股权激励产生积极影响是本文关注的重点。本文选取2004~2008年度的上市公司作为样本,运用线性概率模型、Probit、Logit、Tobit以及OLS等回归方法对机构持股和上市公司高管薪酬激励,特别是股权激励的关系进行实证检验。实证结果表明中国的机构投资者并未有效限制高管股权激励和固定薪酬的增长,对于薪酬设计的改善作用也有待加强,机构股东积极主义在中国还有待加强。     

公司高管离婚对股价有影响吗?——基于中国上市公司的实证分析

本文以2006年1月1日～2018年1月31日期间中国A股上市公司发生的30起高管离婚事件作为研究样本,采用事件研究法实证分析高管离婚事件对股票价格的影响。研究发现,高管离婚事件对上市公司的股票市场产生显著的短期负向影响;上市公司高管的权力越大,高管离婚引发的投资者负面的市场反应越大;高管离婚事件中涉及的股权分割比例对其婚变引发的负向市场反应没有显著影响。本文最后从公司角度提出对策建议。     

股权激励或成高管“造富机器”

新股的"三高"发行让股市成了上市公司老板们的"造富工厂",而股权激励则有望成为上市公司高管们的"造富机器"。虽然监管部门推出股权激励的目的是为了提高上市公司质量,提高上市公司效益,增加投资者的回报,但由于上市公司股权激励的门槛普遍偏低,股权激励已越来越偏离了股权激励制度的初衷。     

高管薪酬激励、终极控制权与现金分红研究——基于上证A股上市公司的经验证据

上市公司高管薪酬近年来受到资本市场上各类投资者、监管部门的密切关注.本文利用Tobit模型对我国上证A股上市公司2009-2012年分红状况进行实证研究,结果发现:上市公司高管货币薪酬、股权薪酬与公司现金分红之间并非存在简单的线性关系,而是存在显著的倒U型关系,说明上市公司高管薪酬激励并非越高越好,而是应当控制在适度的范围内;非国有控股上市公司高管薪酬明显高于国有控股上市公司,非国有控股上市公司高管薪酬激励与现金分红水平无关,高管更看重公司的长远发展.     

上市公司股权激励方案对比

在《上市公司股权激励管理办法》颁布之前推出的股权激励计划五花八门。而万科作为第一家顺利实施股权激励计划的公司,方案推出就慎重和严谨了许多。以下通过万科和拟实施股权激励的几家上市公司股权激励方案的几个主要方面的对比,对管理层股权激励进行探讨。关于股票来源。国际上通行的股票期权计划采取了“公司请客,市场买单”模式,即全体股东以公司名义共同向高管人员让渡股权性利益,借此激励高管人员为公司利益服务。在这种模式下,全体股东分享股权激励带来的利益,并承担高管人员行为不慎带来的风险。而先已推出的股权激励方案中,股票的…     

我国上市公司高管股权激励回顾与启示

随着我国从计划经济向市场经济的转轨,从上世纪九十年代开始,我国就已逐渐引进了股权激励,而始于2005年的股权分量改革,为我国上市公司高管股权激励提供了必要的条件,并于近几年来在上市公司中掀起了股权激励热潮。本文旨在通过对上市公司高管人员股权激励主要形式介绍和我国股权激励实践的回顾,总结出建立适合我国上市公司的有效的高管人员股权激励机制的若干启示,以期能够为上市公司制定高管人员股权激励方案提供有益的借鉴。     

高管人员股权激励与投资决策关系的实证研究

本文运用我国上市公司2002-2005年的面板数据,对我国上市公司高管人员股权激励与投资决策之间交互作用及内生关系进行了实证检验,得出了以下主要结论:实行股票增值权公司的投资量较其他激励模式公司的投资量更大;我国上市公司高管人员股权激励对投资有显著的正影响;我国上市公司投资对高管人员股权激励有显著的正影响;我国上市公司高管人员股权激励与投资满足内生决定关系。     

股权激励对上市公司的影响及投资策略分析

本文探讨了我国上市公司实施股权激励的环境条件，分析了股权激励对管理层、股东影响的内在机制，分析了实施股权激励对上市公司价值和业绩的影响。对股权激励类上市公司上涨因素的定量化分析显示，其上涨与公司现有的各项财务指标没有必然联系，而与公司的市场地位、行业发展趋势和关联交易之间存在明显的关系。本文认为，我国上市公司已基本具备实施股权激励的环境条件，实施股权激励有利于解决管理层和股东利益一致性问题，通过价值转移和价值创造，持续、有效地促进上市公司价值和业绩的提高，从而有效推动上市公司股价的上升，给投资者以强有力的信心和巨大的投资机会。     

股权激励、管理者过度自信与权益资本成本

基于行为金融的视角,从管理者过度自信角度解释了我国股权激励计划实施效果不佳的困惑。实证结果表明,我国实施股权激励计划会在高管过度自信的条件下对上市公司权益资本成本产生影响：股权激励计划的实施提高了上市公司高管过度自信水平;股权激励与高管过度自信的相互作用使得上市公司权益资本成本显著升高。这意味着从管理者过度自信的角度考察股权激励对企业权益资本成本造成的影响,可能会更好地解释股权激励的价值效应。     

全流通时代下股权激励有效性分析——基于公司绩效的视角

2005年4月以来的股权分置改革使我国上市公司的股权开始进入全流通时代,我国资本市场的所有基本功能得以正常发挥,上市公司对高管进行股权激励成为现实可能,故对于股权激励有效性的研究意义重大。本文选取2009-2011年间处于实施状态中的沪深股市发行A股上市公司为样本,研究股权激励水平与企业绩效之间的相关关系,实证结果表明:激励股总数比例越大,企业绩效越好,越有益于降低代理成本;高管人员所授予激励股占当期总激励权益总额的比例有益于提高公司价值,缓解委托代理冲突;除了股权激励水平外,企业规模的适度扩大也有益于公司绩效的提升;董事长与总经理两职合一会影响董事会的独立性与有效性,降低企业价值。上述研究可为提高实施股权激励的上市公司的经营业绩提供一定程度的参考。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.