中国对外直接投资行为影响因素的实证分析

目前对于外商直接投资的研究多集中在影响中国吸引外商直接投资的因素以及外商直接投资对中国经济产生的影响方面,本文则从中国的对外直接投资出发,分析中国这种对外投资行为受到哪些因素的影响。我们仍然将关注的重点放在投资环境上,通过实证分析发现,中国的对外直接投资行为主要受到东道国经济增长、东道国平均工资、两国间地理距离、文化差异、法律环境以及政策限制等因素的影响。     

广场协议后日本对外直接投资的影响因素实证分析

日本拥有庞大的海外投资,日本对外直接对外投资的研究一直备受关注。广场协议是日本对外直接投资的转折点,通过分析日本对外直接投资数据,实证分析发现广场协议之后日元汇率和日本的国际贸易额度是影响日本直接对外投资的重要因素。日元汇率的升高对增加日本直接对外投资有着明显的促进作用。日本的直接对外投资与国际贸易额度的关系是互补性的。随着日本国际贸易额的增加,也促进了日本的对外直接投资额的增加。     

日本对西欧开展直接投资决定因素的实证分析

以日本对西欧发达经济体的直接投资额为因变量，将经济规模、出口额、人口、投资环境等因素作为自变量引入引力模型之中，利用引力模型对2008年日本向西欧各发达经济体直接投资情况进行计量经济学的分析，结果显示GDP、出口额、人口、人均国民收入等经济变量都能较好地解释日本对西欧发达经济体直接投资的地域分布情况。其中GDP、出口与日本对外直接投资流出量呈正相关关系，人口、人均国民收入与日本对外直接投资流出量呈负相关关系。     

日本对外直接投资的贸易效应及其启示

对外直接投资的贸易效应是学界研究的一个重要课题,日本对外直接投资与贸易的密切关系也备受关注。本文将日本的主要贸易伙伴分为四组,实证分析日本对外直接投资的贸易效应发现:日本的对外直接投资是贸易互补型的,其对日本的进出口贸易具有明显的长期促进作用;日本的对外直接投资是引起其贸易顺差的一个重要因素,日本对美国等对日贸易逆差国的直接投资扩大了其与这组国家的贸易顺差;日本对NIEs、中国等的直接投资并不是导致日本产业空心化的主要原因。实证结论在利用对外直接投资带动出口贸易、减少贸易摩擦以及在对外转移产业时避免国内产业空心化等方面为我国的实践提供了借鉴。     

战后日本对外直接投资结构变化初探

战后日本对外直接投资(以下简称“对外投资”)结构的变化,是推动它对外投资迅速扩大的重要因素,对于促进日本对外经济关系发展有着愈来愈突出的作用。本文拟就日本对外投资结构变化的表现、原因及其实质等问题,谈一些粗浅的看法。一战后,特别是六十、七十年代以来,日本对外投资结构的变化主要表现是:     

中日两国对外直接投资比较研究

在经历了20多年的经济高速发展和引进外资后,中国现在也开始了大规模的对外直接投资,这一经历与日本20世纪80年代的情况极其相似。因此对中日两国对外直接投资进行比较具有很强的现实意义。作者分别对中日两国对日本在对外直接投资的背景、动机、主体选择、产业与区域选择、进入方式、政府支持等6个方面进行了比较,揭示了日本在对外直接投资方面的成功经验,同时指出了中国在对外直接投资方面的不足,并提出中国对外直接投资的发展思路。     

日本对外直接投资新趋向

当前,我国经济发展亟需大量吸收外资,因此,把握日本对外直接投资的发展趋向,设法引进更多的日资,对振兴我国经济有很大意义。 一、日本对外直接投资新趋向及原因 1994年9月份以来,随着日本经济逐渐步出谷底,开始了缓慢的回升,加之去年以来日元的大幅度升值的直接推动,日本的对外直接投资进入了一个新的调整阶段,呈现出一些新的趋势。     

日本对外直接投资方兴未艾

近年来,日本对外直接投资发展迅速,投资规模急剧扩大,投资的产业结构和地区流向也发生了一系列引人注目的变化。日本对外直接投资的新发展,一定程度地反映了当前国际投资市场的发展趋势,应当引起我们的重视。本文就当前日本对外直接投资的新发展及其主要经济背景做一初步的分析。一、日本对外直接投资的新发展 (一)日本对外直接投资的规模迅速扩大,在国际投资市场中的地位急剧上升。     

日本对外直接投资的发展与结构变化研究

随着日本经济实力的增强，日本对外直接投资从无到有，从少到多，曾一度地眼过美国。日本对外直接投资走出了一条明显区别于欧美的模式，并结合产业结构调整与经济发展对资本需求变化状况，运用对外直接投资较为成功地推进了产业结构的高级化以及日本企业的国际化经营。日本对外直接投资的经验对发展中国家包括中国的对外直接投资发展具有借鉴意义。     

中国TSFDI逆向技术溢出对国内技术水平提升影响程度研究——基于溢出机制和影响因素的视角

技术获取型对外直接投资(TSFDI)是一国利用技术外溢效应来实现本国技术进步的有效路径,在推进我国现阶段经济转型和结构调整方面扮演着重要角色。为此文章以1985~2015年技术获取型对外直接投资数据甄别为基础研究了我国技术获取型对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的影响程度、作用机制和影响因素。结果显示,我国技术获取型对外直接投资会产生显著的逆向技术溢出效应,即技术获取型对外直接投资每增加1%将引致国内全要素生产率增长0.0086%,效应程度不及国内研发和进口贸易;此外,逆向技术溢出效应还受到人力资本水平和技术差距等因素影响。     

Japan's FDI drivers in a time of financial uncertainty. New evidence based on Bayesian Model Averaging

In this paper we analyse the determinants of Japanese outward FDI stock for the period 1996–2017. This period is especially relevant as it covers a process of increasing economic globalization and two financial crises. To this aim, we consider a large set of candidate variables based on the theory as well as on previous empirical analysis. Our sample includes a total of 27 host countries. We select the covariates using a data-driven methodology, the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) analysis. Moreover, we also analyse whether these determinants change depending on the degree of development (emerging vs developed) or the geographical areas (EU vs East Asia) of the countries considered. We find that Japan's FDI can be explained by a wide variety of variables, that include not only the typical gravitational ones but also institutional and macroeconomic variables, including those that measure financial development. Moreover, Japanese FDI can be explained by both horizontal and vertical FDI motives in the groups of countries analysed. However, in developed, and more precisely, EU countries, horizontal FDI strategies are predominant, whereas for East Asian and emerging countries, there is more evidence in favour of vertical FDI.     

国际直接投资与引力模型

本文的模型表明,与国际贸易的引力模型类似,国际直接投资中也存在一个引力模型,即两国之间的国际直接投资总量与两国之间的距离负相关,与两国的经济规模正相关。之所以存在这样的关系,是因为跨国公司往往需要从母国运输部分原材料或者半成品,距离越远则运输成本越高,所以距离成为限制国际直接投资的一个因素。     

Location choice in low-income countries: Evidence from Japanese investments in East Asia

Unlike most existing studies, this paper examines the location choices of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in low-income countries. Specifically, we investigate the location choices of Japanese MNEs among East Asian developing countries by estimating a four-stage nested logit model and a mixed logit model at the province level. Our findings are as follows. First, Japanese MNEs consider Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam to be host countries different from China and the forerunners of ASEAN. In other words, for Japanese investors, ASEAN forerunners are countries replaceable by China. Second, the mechanics of vertical FDI are more likely to appear in FDIs in low-income countries. For example, rather than the market size of the host country, tariff rates on products from investing countries are more crucial location elements.     

服务业与制造业对华FDI区位选择的差异——基于存量调整模型的实证研究

选取我国省级细分行业面板数据,利用存量调整模型,对服务业与制造业的对华FDI区位选择的差异进行了研究。结果表明:与经济发达国家不同,处于转轨阶段的中国制造业FDI存量调整到均衡水平的速度快于服务业;服务业和制造业跨国公司在中国投资时,服务业FDI看重市场规模和基础设施水平,受集聚因素的影响不显著,制造业则看重市场规模和劳动力成本,倾向于投资到产业集聚度高的地区。此外,由于政府优惠政策多向制造业倾斜,因而地方政府控制力越大越有利于吸引制造业FDI,而不利于吸引服务业FDI。     

Determinants of foreign direct investment in Cambodia

This paper analyses the determinants of the factors that might influence inward FDI in Cambodia by referring to its economic, geographic, and political characteristics. Using exclusive unbalanced panel data sets during 1995–2005, for both approved and realized FDI for, respectively, seventeen and fifteen home countries, the estimation results show that the determinants of approved FDI and realized FDI are somewhat similar. The FDI home country's GDP, its bilateral trade with the host country and the exchange rate have a positive impact on inward FDI flows into Cambodia. As expected, geographic distance negatively affects the level of FDI inflows in Cambodia.     

Effects on China and ASEAN of the ASEAN-China FTA: The FDI perspective

The ASEAN-China FTA (ACFTA) is a significant step in regional economic integration for both China and the ASEAN countries. While analysis of the effects of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) most commonly focuses on the trade effects, the closeness of the link between trade and investment implies that the effect of an FTA on foreign direct investment (FDI) is also potentially significant. FTAs may stimulate FDI through the effects of market expansion and vertical fragmentation, while they may also reduce FDI through a plant rationalization effect. The overall effect of an FTA on FDI flows is an empirical question. This paper examines the impact of ACFTA on FDI flows through an econometric model that captures the influence of East Asian production networks on FDI, which we expect to be an important explanatory factor. The model finds that ACFTA has a significant and positive effect on FDI flows. A brief survey of the theoretical literature on the welfare and other related effects of FDI serves to emphasize that the extent to which individual member countries of the ACFTA will benefit from this increase in FDI will depend in important ways on the policies pursued in each country.     

在华日资制造业企业的新动向与中国的对策

伴随中国经济新一轮高速增长,日本对华直接投资再次出现了迅速发展的新局面。以此为契机,日本在华制造业企业的经营规模迅速扩大,当地经营和发展战略都出现了一些引人注目的新动向,给我国带来了新的机遇和挑战。对此,必须采取积极的对策,继续重视和大力引进日本制造业直接投资。     

Business start-up regulations and the complementarity between foreign and domestic investment

This paper shows that the complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment significantly depends on regulations required to start a new domestically owned business in host economies. It finds evidence that FDI crowds out domestic investment in countries with entry regulation cost above a certain level, and many of these countries are in the bottom quartile of GDP per capita. Reforms in business start-up regulations can therefore play a critical role in enhancing the complementarity between foreign and domestic investment and thereby increase entrepreneurship and economic growth in low-income countries. The analysis takes into account other significant factors which affect domestic investment such as the cost of capital, government’s economic growth track record, institutional quality, and market size.     

转型中的日本对华直接投资

近10年来日本对华直接投资出现过两次高潮,中国已经成为日本最重要的投资对象国之一。制造业占到了日本对华投资的80%以上,运输机械、电机、机械、铁和有色金属、化学工业等5大产业是日本对华直接投资的主体。在中国经济周期变动、中日关系、日本国内经济形势和中国经济政策调整等因素的影响下,日本对华直接投资正处在新转折之中。今后一段时间内,日本对华直接投资额难以出现急剧的增长,但其结构将会进一步改善。