贵州省中小企业的金融支持研究

近年来,国家开始加大对中小企业融资方面的政策支持,从而使得贵州省中小企业的金融服务得到了比较明显的改善,中小企业融资难的困境也得到了一定程度的缓解。但是,中小企业的融资问题仍然没有得到有效地解决。融资问题已经成为贵州省中小企业发展的瓶颈,如何金融支持中小企业的问题关系到其生存和成长。本文通过分析贵州省中小企业的融资现状和面临的问题,透过问题究其原因,给出改善贵州省中小企业金融支持的对策建议。     

贵州省中小企业的金融支持研究

近年来,国家开始加大对中小企业融资方面的政策支持,从而使得贵州省中小企业的金融服务得到了比较明显的改善,中小企业融资难的困境也得到了一定程度的缓解。但是,中小企业的融资问题仍然没有得到有效地解决。融资问题已经成为贵州省中小企业发展的瓶颈,如何金融支持中小企业的问题关系到其生存和成长。本文通过分析贵州省中小企业的融资现状和面临的问题,透过问题究其原因,给出改善贵州省中小企业金融支持的对策建议。     

我国中小企业筹资决策研究

筹资问题成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。只有切实解决中小企业融资问题,才能把中小企业发展的潜在能量发挥出来,使其在经济发展和社会稳定中发挥更大的作用。本文试图从中小企业的特点和问题出发,探讨解决筹资问题的最佳途径,以对中小企业融资决策实践起到一定的指导作用。     

中小企业负债经营问题的再探讨

中小企业抵御风险的能力一般较弱,资金短缺,是几乎所有中小企业企业都会遇到的瓶颈问题,融资问题一直困扰着中小企业,并严重制约着中小企业的发展。现在中小企业遇到的问题不仅是融资难,还有一个就是融资贵。本文通过分析目前我国中小企业融资的现状,就我国中小企业融资难的各种原因,试对缓解我国中小企业融资难的问题提出一些对策和建议。     

基于普惠金融视角的中小企业融资问题探析

中小企业是我国国民经济发展的重要组成部分,融资难问题是长期以来制约我国中小企业发展的突出问题。在传统金融体系下,由于中小企业自身特点和融资特点与现行的以商业银行为主导的金融体系严重不匹配,导致中小企业融资问题难以解决。如何帮助中小企业走出融资难的困境,成为政府和学术界一直关心的问题。     

对陕西中小企业外部融资情况的调查与思考

本文通过分析陕西中小企业外部融资的基本情况和存在的问题,提出解决中小企业融资难问题的对策和建议：加大对中小企业的政策扶持力度;加强中小企业信贷服务;完善中小企业担保机构担保融资;拓宽中小企业直接融资渠道。     

我国中小企业融资问题分析

中小企业是我国经济持续发展的源泉,本文主要针对中小企业融资问题进行了探讨,在分析我国中小企业融资现状的基础上,对政府、银行和中小企业自身在融资问题中的作用进行了探讨,并据此提出要解决我国中小企业融资问题,需要政府政策引导、银行金融创新和中小企业自身改进三方面的共同努力.     

破解中小企业融资难问题的财税政策研究

一个国家中小企业能否健康发展,不仅仅是个微观问题,而是直接关系到宏观经济量量的重大问题,中小企业对我国经济的发展起了重要的推动作用.因此,必须针对中小企业发展中面对的问题和矛盾,采取有效措施,拓宽融资渠道,解决严重制约我国中小企业发展的瓶颈问题.现阶段我国中小企业面临着融资难问题,那么如何制定合理的财税政策以帮助中小企业的发展,是本文需要着重讨论的问题.本文首先介绍了中小企业融资难问题的发展状况,第二部分详细分析了我国现阶段中小企业融资难问题的财税政策所存在的各种问题,以及问题产生的原因,最后针对所存在的各种问题,提出了财税政策的制定方案,以解决中小企业融资难问题.     

我国中小企业筹资决策研究

筹资问题成为制约中小企业发展的＂瓶颈＂。只有切实解决中小企业融资问题,才能把中小企业发展的潜在能量发挥出来,使其在经济发展和社会稳定中发挥更大的作用。本文试图从中小企业的特点和问题出发,探讨解决筹资问题的最佳途径,以对中小企业融资决策实践起到一定的指导作用。     

我国中小企业融资所面临的困境及解决建议

中小企业是我国国民经济发展的重要力量,然而中小企业却面临严重的融资困难的问题,融资难已经成为了我国中小企业发展“的瓶颈”。本文从中小企业在我国经济发展中的地位出发,研究中小企业的融资渠道以及中小企业融资困难及其原因,并提出解决中小企业融资难问题的途径和方法。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.