审计费用与审计质量关系的实证研究——基于上证180指数成分股数据的分析

本文以上证180指数成分股为样本，利用操纵性应计利润的绝对值作为审计质量的衡量指标，参考Ash—baugh et al．（2003）模型对样本公司2005-2007年间的相关数据进行统计分析，实证检验了审计费用与审计质量之间的关系。研究发现，审计费用总额和操纵性应计利润的绝对值之间存在负相关关系，即被审计公司支付的审计费用越多，审计质量越高。而且，经营活动所产生的现金流量净额对审计质量有显著的正效应。     

审计师性别组成对审计质量的影响

本文研究签字审计师性别组成对审计质量产生的影响,选取样本为2011年“四大”会计师事务所负责审计的上市公司。结果表明,全部由女性担任签字注册会计师的项目组执业更谨慎,负责审计的上市公司审计质量更高,而男性组审计师和混合组审计师对审计质量的影响不显著。     

签字审计师之间的校友关系对审计质量的影响研究

利用2004-2011年我国A股上市公司及其签字注册会计师的数据,以出具非标意见的倾向和操纵性应计的绝对值作为审计质量的代理变量,考察签字审计师之间的校友关系对审计质量的影响。研究发现:签字审计师之间存在校友关系时,审计团队的沟通效率较高,团队合作效应增强,审计质量提高;进一步研究发现,审计师的性别和"211"高校学历在审计师校友关系对审计质量的影响中起到显著的正向调节作用。研究结论对于深入理解审计团队对审计质量的影响,以及完善事务所资源配置和团队建设具有一定的启示意义。     

审计师与应计和真实盈余管理关系分析——基于异常审计费用的证据

以2008—2015年上市公司的数据为样本,从应计和真实双重角度研究了异常审计费用与盈余管理的关系。研究发现,异常审计费用与应计盈余管理程度显著负相关,与真实盈余管理显著正相关,并发现异常审计费用的方向对盈余管理程度有显著的调节作用。结果表明,审计师抑制了风险较大的应计盈余管理,纵容了风险较小的真实盈余管理,对客户的应计和真实盈余管理持有不对称的态度。高于正常水平收费的审计师显著抑制应计盈余管理为客户降低风险,明显纵容真实盈余管理为客户谋取短期利益。     

审计师轮换类别与审计结果——基于“关系”的视角

审计师强制轮换制度能够从制度上对审计师独立性给予一定程度的保证,而社会关系的存在会对审计师的独立性产生影响,但同时也能够增加前后任审计师工作交接的效率。以2007—2019年签字审计师轮换为样本研究发现,同一事务所内签字审计师的变更会使得后任审计师出具清洁审计意见的可能性提升,后任审计师审计当年发生财务重述的可能性较低,且可操纵性应计利润较低。但是,后任审计师获取的审计费用并没有显著降低。与不同事务所之间的签字审计师轮换相比,同一事务所审计师轮换情况下,由于更易进行信息共享与沟通,后任审计师的审计质量更高,且与前任审计师审计质量相比,后任审计师审计质量有所提升。     

盈余管理强化审计费用粘性了吗？

以我国2007—2015年A股上市公司为样本，研究盈余管理对审计费用向下粘性的影响。实证检验结果表明，不同的盈余管理行为对审计费用粘性具有不同作用：应计盈余管理强化了审计费用粘性，随着应计盈余管理程度的增加，审计费用的变动呈现出更强的“易涨难跌”特征，而且这种特征对于正向应计盈余管理和负向应计盈余管理都非常显著；真实盈余管理对审计费用粘性没有影响；盈余平滑会弱化审计费用的向下粘性，盈余平滑程度越高，审计费用的粘性越差。     

审计师性别与审计费用率——来自中国上市公司2010年的经验数据研究

本文以2010年度沪、深上市公司为样本,研究了签字注册会计师的性别组成对审计费用率的影响。研究表明,女性组审计师5％的显著性水平上与审计费用率负相关,混合组与男性组审计师的审计费用率都要比女性审计师高。研究结论对会计师事务所的发展和审计市场质量的提高有一定的意义。     

上市物流公司审计委员会对审计质量的影响研究

为了完善公司治理、提高审计质量,我国引入了审计委员会制度。以操纵性应计利润作为替代审计质量的被解释变量,以审计委员会的规模、勤勉度、独立董事比例和审计委员会财务专业性作为解释变量,基于回归分析法建立一个审计委员会特征对审计质量的影响分析模型,并以物流上市公司2010年-2013年的财务公告信息和财报作为数据来源进行了实证分析。结果显示,物流上市公司的审计委员会的规模、勤勉度会影响审计质量,物流上市公司的审计委员会专业性会显著影响审计质量,而审计委员会中独立董事比例对审计质量的影响不显著。     

上市物流公司审计委员会对审计质量的影响研究

为了完善公司治理、提高审计质量,我国引入了审计委员会制度。以操纵性应计利润作为替代审计质量的被解释变量,以审计委员会的规模、勤勉度、独立董事比例和审计委员会财务专业性作为解释变量,基于回归分析法建立一个审计委员会特征对审计质量的影响分析模型,并以物流上市公司2010年-2013年的财务公告信息和财报作为数据来源进行了实证分析。结果显示,物流上市公司的审计委员会的规模、勤勉度会影响审计质量,物流上市公司的审计委员会专业性会显著影响审计质量,而审计委员会中独立董事比例对审计质量的影响不显著。     

频繁并购重组与异常审计收费

以2012—2017年A股上市公司为样本，采用异常审计费用衡量审计师对上市公司频繁并购重组的风险溢价，探究企业频繁并购重组与审计师风险溢价收费的关系，研究发现企业频繁并购重组会导致审计师风险溢价提高。从商誉和盈余管理角度探究其路径机制发现，商誉和真实盈余管理是频繁并购重组导致更高审计师风险溢价两个重要中介变量，而应计盈余管理并没有发挥中介作用，即频繁并购重组企业操纵利润的手段倾向于采用真实盈余管理，而非应计盈余管理。     

Toward the Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management——Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Enterprises Listed in Shanghai Stock Market

Nowadays, earnings management is a hot issue, but most of the researches focus on the incentives of earnings management and few of them refer to the effect of audit quality on earnings management. In this study, we directly examine the effect of external audit quality on earnings management by using discretionary accruals. We find that the discretionary accruals of non-dual audit companies are significantly greater than those of dual audit companies. We also find that clients of non-First Ten auditors intend to report greater discretionary accruals than those of First Ten auditors.     

Experience of Audit Committee Members and Audit Quality

Abstract

We investigate whether the experience of audit committee members is associated with audit quality. In order to comprehensively analyse the experience of audit committee members, we include audit committee member tenure, age and multiple-directorships in our analysis. Using observations from 2001 to 2012, we undertake analysis on 13,155 firm-year observations and find that all our proxies of audit committee member experience are positively associated with audit fees. A range of additional tests, including using discretionary accruals as an alternative measure of audit quality and differences-in-differences analysis, support our main findings and our results consequently make a number of contributions to both the literature and policy making. One possible policy contribution is that regulators may wish to consider audit committee characteristics representing experience when framing recommendations to improve audit quality and thereby, financial reporting by firms.     

Audit firm tenure and audit quality: A cross‐European study

Directive 2014/56/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014, which came into effect in June 2016, introduced the mandatory rotation of audit firms after a maximum period of 10 years with the same client. We conduct a cross‐European study with the aim of assessing whether long audit firm tenures are associated with lower levels of audit quality. The sample for the study is based on the constituents of the Standard & Poor's Europe 350 index for the years between 2009 and 2016, and we utilize three different sets of proxies for audit quality: discretionary accruals, differences between reported earnings and earnings benchmarks, and accounting restatements. The main result of the study finds that companies with more than 10 years of tenure with their auditors do not have a lower audit quality than other firms. In fact, this study provides some evidence of a higher audit quality for these firms. The results are robust to various checks. Therefore, if there does not seem to be a problem of a lack of audit quality associated with long audit firm tenures, the necessity of establishing a maximum tenure, as the new European regulation does, may be questioned.     

审计委员会设立对盈余管理的影响

通过检验我国新设立审计委员会上市公司的操控性应计年度增量,发现这些公司的盈余管理虽在设立当年未被抑制,但在设立次年被显著地抑制了.对设立次年抑制效用的进一步分析发现董事会其他专门委员会对审计委员会有不同影响.本文研究为审计委员会制度有效性以及公司治理国际趋同有效性提供经验证据支持.     

The Provision of Tax Services by Incumbent Auditors and Earnings Management: Evidence from Korea

This study examines the associations between the provision of tax services by incumbent auditors and earnings management. We investigate whether three different effects of tax service provision play different roles in accounting practices. The three effects include the audit independence effect, the knowledge spillover effect, and the tax avoidance effect. If the provision of tax services by incumbent auditors harms auditor independence, firms may exercise greater earnings management (audit independence effect). However, if incumbent auditors gain incremental knowledge by offering tax services, the quality of their audit services could be enhanced, and therefore, reported earnings could be more conservative (knowledge spillover effect). If tax service fee leads to low taxable income, it could depress book income when book-tax conformity is high (tax avoidance effect). We find that the provision of tax services generally improves earnings quality by curtailing opportunistic accounting practices. The results also suggest that the negative association between the provision of tax services and discretionary accruals seems to be primarily driven by the knowledge spillover effect as opposed to the tax avoidance effect. Additional analysis is conducted in examining whether the tax avoidance effect exists in a sub-sample.     

Discretionary Accruals and Auditor Behaviour in Code-Law Contexts: An Application to Failing Spanish Firms

This study examines the relationship between earnings management and auditor behaviour in the pre-bankrupt client segment of the Spanish audit market. As proxies for auditor behaviour, we use type of audit firm (Big N/non-Big N) and type of audit report. In contrast to the USA, audit reports in Spain often include modifications other than a going-concern opinion. This allows us to study the relationship in more detail than is possible with US data. The results of our study show that discretionary accruals are negatively related to going-concern opinions but are positively related to reports modified for reasons other than going-concern problems. However, unlike Butler et al. (Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37, pp. 139–165, 2004) the negative relationship is explained not by liquidity survival tactics but by auditor conservatism. We find this conservatism not only in the value of discretionary accruals but also in the qualifications that accompany a going concern. In these cases GAAP violations have a much greater income effect and a stronger relationship with the reversal of manipulation accumulated over the years than with the manipulation introduced during the last year. Finally, our results suggest that Big N differentiation in a code-law country is context-specific and depends on the business risk parameter of the ‘audit risk model’. In particular, for high-risk firms, Big N auditors show a significantly lower level of discretionary accruals and a greater propensity to issue a going-concern opinion.     

基于经济责任审计的我国党政领导干部责任履行情况研究

选择可以量化的反映审计投入力度的审计查出金额、被审计人员数量、省级审计人员数量和审计报告量实证分析我国党政领导干部经济、社会责任目标的实现程度,研究发现:经常性考核党政领导干部的指标反映程度强于非经常性指标;真实性、合法性责任反映程度强于效益性责任的履行;各类支出项目的减少反映程度明显高于收入的增加;审计出金额、省级审计人员量和审计报告量的作用明显强于被审计人员数量的作用。     

投资机会、审计风险与审计质量研究

审计可以被视为解决公司代理问题的一种监控机制,是一项能够约束管理者机会主义行为的制度安排.以我国2004年--2008年只发行A股的上市公司为研究样本,在控制样本自选择偏误的基础上,检验审计质量、投资机会和可操控性应计的关系后发现:高投资机会公司的股东为监督公司的管理者有动机选择高质量的审计;同时,投资机会越大的公司,其可操控性应计越高,即高投资机会公司的注册会计师面临着更高的审计风险;而注册会计师为了降低审计风险和被诉讼的风险,也有动机提高自身的审计质量,从而遏制被审单位的可操控性应计.     

AH股公司境内外审计收费差异的影响因素研究

选取AH股公司2001年至2007年的审计收费数据,对影响其境内外审计收费差异的因素进行回归分析。结果显示,影响AH股公司境内外审计收费差异的因素主要有:(1)以资产规模、子公司数目和净利润差异调整项目数衡量的审计业务复杂性;(2)以上市地总数和审计意见类型衡量的审计业务风险程度;(3)同一集团审计的情况;(4)境内外审计师是否为四大所;(5)境外审计师的变更;(6)公司经营年份数;(7)境内外工资水平的对比关系。