物流中心仓库货位优化算法的研究

本文介绍了目前对于货位优化的一般优化方法,并对这几种方法的优缺点进行比较;对于货位优化这一实际多目标优化问题进行具体分析,并提出采用多目标遗传算法来解决。     

政策协调、产业结构升级及宏观经济效应分析

不同模式的宏观政策协调不但会对产业结构优化产生差异性影响,也会影响产业结构优化带来的宏观经济效应。本文在新凯恩斯框架下构建理论模型,并基于贝叶斯参数估计和数值模拟分析政策协调对产业结构优化以及宏观经济效应的影响。研究发现:数量型货币政策比价格型货币政策更有利于产业结构优化,收入型财政政策比支出型财政政策更有利于产业结构优化;价格型货币政策和收入型财政政策的政策协调更有利于产业结构优化对消费、就业和产出的促进作用,数量型货币政策和支出型财政政策的政策协调更有利于产业结构优化对通货膨胀的稳定作用;货币政策对产业结构优化升级这一目标与稳定经济波动这一目标存在着Trade Off现象,财政政策对产业结构优化升级这一目标与促进经济增长这一目标存在着Trade Off现象。因此,建议采取货币政策为主、财政政策为辅的宏观经济调控政策,具体操作体现在减息为主结合降低税率水平为辅的政策协调组合来应对经济增速下滑和产业结构升级。     

优化初中英语教学之我见

实现优化课堂教学,这就要求我们教师应做到优化教学目标的制定,优化课堂教学的设计,优化教学方法的组合等,通过优化课堂教学模式,以达到实施素质教育的目的.     

区域产业结构优化评价方法

文章在运用灰色关联理论基础上,构建了区域产业结构的优化程度评价模型,并运用该模型对青岛市的产业结构的优化程度进行了评价,这既可以验证了该方法的可行性,又为青岛市产业结构优化提供了建议。     

IDeaS收益管理系统新增成员格罗夫公园酒店

IDeaS收益优化公司是定价、预测和优化解决方案和服务方面的领先供应商,该公司近日宣布格罗夫公园酒店选择了其V5i系统,这是一个独特的预测和定价工具,用以优化阿什维尔地区NC度假村的收入和利润。     

最佳人力资源管理实践与企业绩效的关系研究

人力资源管理方面的专家认为,优化人力资源管理可提高企业绩效。市场经济体制下,需要加强企业人力资源管理方面的优化,这是企业后续长期合理发展的基础。本文针对最佳人力资源管理和企业绩效的关系进行了探讨,并提出了相关优化策略。     

城市化进程中的政府行为优化研究

城市化的发展有赖于健全和创新城市化发展机制,而这就要求优化政府行为,使市场化要素真正按照市场规律流动。本文认为,政府行为优化的总体目标是城市化动力机制由"政府主导"转向"政府引导、市场主导",实现政府与市场的"双强共赢"。本文提出了政府行为优化的效率标准和优化的总体思路。     

发展企业债券市场的必要性浅析

本文主要从有效需求结构的优化、企业资本结构的优化以及整个社会金融资产结构的优化这三个方面阐述了我国发展企业债券市场的必要性     

浅谈唐山市丰南区主导产业优化升级工程

丰南区紧扣创新发展、转型发展、科学发展这一主线,以钢铁业为例,阐述了钢铁产业优化升级的重要性和紧迫性,以及钢铁业优化升级的措施和取得的成效。     

产业结构优化与经济增长之间的关联性

在建设社会主义经济的新时期,需要实现产业结构的优化与升级,以实现经济的可持续发展,而要想实现这一产业结构的优化升级,基于中国当前经济发展与产业结构现状,还需相当长的一段时间。因此,研究产业结构优化与经济增长之间的关联性,明确二者之间的关系意义凸显。本文首先对产业结构优化与经济增长的相关概念进行了综述,其次具体分析了产业结构优化与经济增长之间的关联性,最后在总结当前产业结构优化升级过程中所面临问题的基础上,为如何促进产业结构的优化升级提出了对策,以供参考。     

联合库存管理法在供应链库存控制中的应用

库存管理是供应链管理中的重要内容,联合库存是一种供应链集成化运作的决策代理模式,是一种风险分担的库存管理模式。通过联合库存在供应链库存控制中应用的研究,找出联合库存管理法在供应链库存控制中的应用对策,为实现供应链的同步化运作、零库存、准时化采购以及精细供应链管理提供条件和保证。     

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF FULL‐SCALE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE ADOPTIONS ON INVENTORY BALANCES AND TURNS

Supply chain management (SCM) software vendors, analysts, and others claim that firms implementing SCM software stand to benefit by being able to reduce inventory holdings and increase inventory turns. We theorize that full‐scale implementations lead to system‐wide inventory optimization, which in turn leads to cost improvement associated with inventory balances and turns. To examine the question, we develop an analytical model of inventory optimization, then analyze the effects of the model with a numerical experiment, and finally confirm the results with an empirical examination. We find that firm‐wide implementation is significant in explaining improvement in inventory metrics, relative to pre‐implementation metrics for our sample. Our empirical tests indicate that implementing SCM software across only a portion of the firm does not impact inventory metrics, but that the scale of implementation does. More precisely, we find that firms implementing SCM software across the entire company significantly improve both inventory turns and inventory as a percent of revenue relative to partially‐implementing firms and non‐implementers.     

Sales expectations and inventory changes in retail trade

In this paper a single equation inventory investment model is estimated for the United States retail sector. Monthly data for the 1970s are utilized. In estimating the model it is alternatively assumed that expectations were formed according to a seasonal model, to perfect foresight, and to a narrowly rational expectations model. We find that a model in which expected sales and the expected rate of inflation are narrowly rational can explain most of the variation in retail inventory investment during the time period studied. The results of the estimation imply that retailers have a relatively short forecast horizon, that they can react quickly to either unexpected sales or to a deviation of actual from desired inventory stocks, and that an increase in the real of interest has a statistically negative impact on retail inventory investment.     

Improving Order Fulfillment Performance through Integrated Inventory Management in a Multi-Item Finished Goods System

Effective inventory management is fundamental to order fulfillment excellence and supply chain success. In this paper, we develop a strategic inventory management decision tool that integrates inventory classification and inventory control policy decisions for maximizing order fulfillment performance, while accounting for a constraint on inventory budget and the profit expectation of a firm. This inventory solution tool provides critical enhancements to current inventory planning software, which is developed upon the traditional inventory classification scheme and where practitioners have to balance service levels and safety stock decisions through trial-and-error. The model allows firms to assess whether the current inventory performance is Pareto optimal, quantify the trade-offs between various performance measures, and identify the right inventory level according to the firms' strategic goals. In computational results, we demonstrate the trade-off and positive relationships between key item- and order-based inventory performance measures and short-term profitability under different levels of inventory budget in a multi-item finished goods inventory system.     

Store inventory can affect demand: Empirical evidence from magazine retailing

In retailing, inventory analysis and inventory practice have traditionally been based on the assumption that underlying demand does not vary with inventory levels. A growing body of research supports the contention that the validity of this assumption has significant implications for optimal inventory policies. The concern for such inventory effects motivated a major US magazine publisher to conduct the market study documented in this article. It presents empirical evidence that demand can indeed vary with inventory, and it quantifies the magnitude of these inventory effects which are twofold. An inventory decrease for one brand can, first, result in a decrease of demand for the brand and, second, in an increase of demand for a competing brand. These observations support the expansion of the traditional Newsvendor model to include inventory effects as well as the practice to make inventory decisions for retail categories rather than individual brands.     

A Model of Supplier Responses to Just-In-Time Delivery Requirements

When buyers provide incentives for suppliers to deliver just-in-time, suppliers can respond by choosing to hold additional inventory, reducing the variance of flow time to facilitate just-in-time production, or both. A model characterizing the supplier's optimal response to incentives for JIT delivery is presented. The model shows a situation where the optimal action of the supplier is to hold more inventory. When incentives for on-time delivery are increased, the supplier responds by decreasing the variance of flow time and by increasing the lead time allowance. However, the lead time allowance increases more quickly than the variance is reduced, resulting. in a net increase in the amount of inventory that must be held by the supplier. The result is that inventory is pushed upstream. This paper does not suggest that inventory is always pushed upstream in JIT purchasing. Rather, it provides a counter-example to those who presume that holding more inventory is always a non-optimal response to buyer's requests for JIT delivery.     

The positive and negative effects of inventory on category purchase: An empirical analysis

Product inventory exerts two countervailing forces on the probability of purchase: More inventory on hand reduces the need to purchase; however, theory suggests higher levels of inventory can drive up consumption, thereby increasing the chance of purchase. Moreover, consumers have biased estimations of their own inventory—especially at high levels of inventory (Chandon and Wansink, 2006), which again suggests a positive relationship between inventory and purchase probability. We model the negative (standard) and positive effects of inventory on the probability of purchase. The model is calibrated on ten product categories and fits better than the standard nested logit and an alternative developed by Ailawadi and Neslin (1998). The elasticity of purchase incidence with respect to inventory represents these opposing forces in an intuitive way, implying an inventory threshold below (above) which the net effect is positive (negative). Estimated thresholds are plausible across categories, with the food categories of hot dogs, ice cream and soft drinks showing the largest effects.     

Hurry! Sale Ends Soon: The Impact of Limited Inventory Availability Disclosure on Consumer Responses to Online Stockouts

A prevalent challenge for online retail supply chain managers is maintaining and managing adequate inventory levels to support and fulfill consumer orders and purchases. Interestingly, this challenge is not only about maintaining inventory availability, but also how to effectively disclose and communicate inventory availability, particularly if a stockout occurs. This article investigates a conceptual model that explores the impact of online inventory availability disclosure on consumer perceptions in the context of a stockout. Based on expectation disconfirmation theory, the core of the model is the notion that limited inventory availability would stimulate expected consumer competition, which in turn, causes consumers to not be as negatively impacted by stockouts. Contrary to this prediction, however, the results of this experimental study show that consumers are actually more dissatisfied when low inventory availability items are out‐of‐stock. This is likely due to the combined impacts of a stockout encounter and a “loss” of a competitive shopping scenario. Thus, implications of these findings for future research and supply chain practice are offered accordingly.     

需求不确定条件下基于调货中心的供应链库存模型

在需求不确定的条件下,由制造商设立调货中心,建立共享安全库存来代替各销售商的安全库存是一种有效的供应链库存模式。它运用基于调货中心的供应链库存模型能够在保证顾客服务水平不变的条件下进一步降低供应链库存总成本,并能在一定程度上抑制牛鞭效应的产生。     

Asymmetric volatility of basis and the theory of storage

The theory of storage states that the marginal convenience yield on inventory falls at a decreasing rate as inventory increases. Previous literature has tested this hypothesis using the so‐called “direct test” approach, which employs a direct measurement of inventory levels, or the “indirect test” approach, which examines the relative variation of spot and futures prices and the relative variation of negative basis to positive basis as alternative proxies for inventory levels. The rationale behind the indirect test is based on the hypothesis that futures prices are less variable than spot prices when inventory is low, and have similar variability when inventory is high. The authors propose a “unified test” of the theory of storage that incorporates aspects of both direct and indirect tests in an ARMAX‐asymmetric GARCH model framework. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:399–418, 2005