跨国公司与产业内分工的演进

跨国公司在第二次世界大战以后,无论在数量上,还是规模上都有了迅猛地发展。跨国公司的发展无疑与战后的国际政治经济环境有关,自由贸易浪潮、稳定的国际货币体系和相对和平的政治局势为跨国公司的产生和壮大提供了有利的条件。随着跨国公司力量的强大,跨国公司又引领了现代分工格局的变化。西方企业由合伙制的小企业到进行层级管理的大企业,再到跨国企业,逐步走向集中和垄断,与之相伴的是产业内分工的演进过程。一、工业化以前:工场手工业与产业内分工产业内分工萌芽于工业化之前的西方国家的农业部门。当时的制造业是和农业密切相关的农产…     

当前中国参与国际分工的战略选择

当前，中国在国际分工格局中处于不利地位，而且跨国公司住国际分工中的主体地他使中国所处的地位更加不利。为了改变这种小利情况，中国应根据自身的比较优势，大力发展劳动密集型产业、注重高新技术产业的发展，加强对跨国公司在我国市场行为的监管，加快培育自己的跨国公司，全面融入全球分工体系。     

我国区域经济发展在全球产业链中的定位

伴随着经济全球化及生产全球化的发展,在全球范围内形成了庞大的产业链条,即全球产业链。全球产业链的发展——从不同产业的全球分工,到产业内全球分工,又发展到企业内的全球分工——推动了跨国公司的发展。以跨国公司为载体,资金、人才、技术的全球流动正深刻地改变着世界经济格局。全球产业链是我国的区域经济发展过程中面临的现实,因此,找准在全球产业链中的定位尤显重要。本文将从我国的制造业、产业集群和区域发展三个方面分析我国区域经济在全球产业链中的定位。     

国际产业分工格局对我国经济的影响及对策

一、国际产业分工格局的最新发展 新世纪之初，国际产业分工向纵深发展，国际生产网络不断深化，中国成为首选之地。国际生产网络是指共同参与某特定产品或服务制造过程的不同国家的企业所形成的国际分工协作网络。在这个网络中，跨国公司起核心作用。它们将产业或服务的制造过程进行分解，并根据不同生产阶段或功能对生产要素和技术的不同要求以及不同地区成本、资源、物流和市场的差别，在全球范围之内，进行最有效率的区位配置，以获取最大利益。     

全球价值链视角下的国际外包

第三次技术革命促进了经济全球化的发展,国际分工出现重大变化。国际分工已不局限于产品的生产阶段,而在于产品的整个价值链,国际分工由产业间分工变为产品内分工。跨国公司为了适应变化的经营环境,对全球生产体系、公司组织结构和经营投资战略加以调整,出现国际外包现象。本文主要从全球价值链的角度分析跨国公司的国际外包行为。     

产品内分工对产业升级促进作用的途径分析

作为一种崭新的分工形式,产品内分工为资源在全球范围内进行更为灵活、有效的配置提供了更好的方式,也将世界各地的企业纳入了全球分工体系中。产品内分工使得发展中国家得以进入全球生产体系,分享新的发展机遇。在归纳前人研究的基础上,进一步研究产品内分工对我国产业升级发挥作用的作用机制:产品内分工通过劳动力效应、国民收入效应、企业技术水平效应和产业生产率提高效应等各种途径,直接和间接地促进了我国的产业升级。     

跨国企业引领国际产业转移

国际产业转移,主要指发达国家或地区通过国际贸易和国际投资等多种方式,将产业(主要是制造业或劳动密集型产业)转移到次发达国家或地区以及发展中国家或地区,带动移入国产业结构的调整和优化升级。随着世界经济特别是跨国公司的迅猛发展,发达国家或地区与发展中国家或地区之间传统的垂直分工已经向水平分工转变并迅速普及。跨国公司以其对先进技术的研发和积极推广能力,大大推进国际间产业转移和产业的升级。文章就国际产业转移中跨国公司的引领作用以及所带来的消极影响进行了探讨。     

我国供应链管理的发展趋势及政策导向

随着新世纪全球经济一体化的扩展以及新技术的应用，跨国公司开始在全球更大范围内建立自己的供应链体系。发展中国家的产业能否参与到跨国公司的全球供应链体系中来，以及在这个体系中能否拥有自主地位，将决定这个国家能否掌握自身的经济命脉，同时这也是发展中国家在国际分工中成功发展自己的关键。     

新国际分工条件下我国汽车制造业的发展——基于全球生产网络视角

20世纪下半叶以来,国际分工模式发生了深刻变化,产品内分工成为当代国际分工的重要发展趋势。随着国际分工格局的不断深化,汽车制造业发展越来越呈现全球化特征。汽车跨国公司根据自身利益需求对全球生产网络进行整合,在全球范围内配置生产资源。我国汽车制造业在全球价值链中的地位仍十分低下,在新国际分工格局中企业应根据自身已有条件找到最合适的切入点或价值环节,推进产品价值链升级,最终获取有利的国际分工地位。     

跨国公司与我国上市公司并购的趋势及影响

长期以来,跨国公司对我国的直接投资主要以上新项目、建新企业的方式进行。我国入世后,跨国公司将重新评估我国在其全球经营战略中的地位。随着我国对外资并购的限制条件进一步放宽,以跨国公司为主的外资并购将成为我国入世后的重要经济热点。跨国公司并购缩短了我国融入世界专业化分工体系的时间,促使国内各行业按照国际分工的要求重新调整,并在国内下一轮企业并购浪潮中引导趋势。同时,对资本市场而言,跨国公司与上市公司的并购活动,较以往上市公司的资产重组更注重战略重组和重建核心竞争力,对我国证券市场有着深远的影响。     

从美国专利看跨国公司研究开发国际网络化的本质

本文对取得美国专利权的19家电子行业的跨国公司研究开发的国际化程度和趋势进行了实证分析.论文确认了19家跨国公司研究开发国际网络化进程中的差异,同时对日本电子行业的跨国公司在基础研究层面的研究开发活动进行了分析.结论是:在"市场竞争的全球化"和"向IT时代转型"这样的外部竞争环境中,为了开发适合全球化市场的新产品,跨国公司必须要在企业内建立一个在世界范围内进行优秀研究开发人才最佳配置的全球网络体系.     

Global talent management during the COVID-19 pandemic? The Gods must be crazy!

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought terrifying effects for labor markets all around the world. Just as we witness rapid changes in terms of the ways of working (working from home), we are also observing an increase in unemployment. The ways in which major corporations with international operations process their global talent management (GTM) already represents a challenge in relatively stable times and clearly, in a period of such great and sustained turbulence as current experienced, this task becomes still more difficult. Hence, our research aims to study the impact of GTM on the international performance of major companies during the COVID-19 pandemic period. To this end, we surveyed a sample of 59 large companies that act in external markets. Through recourse to multiple linear regressions, we conclude that GTM practices return positive impacts on levels of international performance. Our research returns theoretical implications in terms of the application of integrated GTM models and with the results of significant relevance to corporations operating internationally, and thus enabling them to better understand which strategic human resource management policies will return the best GTM results.     

Neither developed nor emerging: Dual paths for outward FDI and home country innovation in emerged market MNCs

Emerged market multinational corporations (EDMNCs) ? those based in emerged markets that have transitioned out of emerging economic status ? have received little research interest from the international business scholarship, despite their growing presence in the global market. EDMNCs face significant competitive pressure to leverage cross-border knowledge to innovate and leapfrog their middle-zone status between emerging and developed market multinational corporations. Analyzing 174 publicly listed South Korean MNCs and their outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), we find that an EDMNC’s OFDI into developed and emerging markets contributes unequally to its home-country innovation. We also elaborate on the moderating effect of industry peers’ OFDI into developed countries through crowding out and spillover effects. These findings have implications for the OFDI and innovation literature in general, and particularly for international business scholarship focusing on an under-investigated category of MNCs that are increasingly becoming successful in international competition.     

跨国公司全球供应链管理背景下的上海国际贸易中心建设

在经济全球化的浪潮下,全球化供应链管理越来越受到跨国公司的重视。文章通过对跨国公司全球供应链发展动因的分析,探讨了跨国公司在我国实施全球供应链管理战略的新趋势。结合上海建设国际贸易中心的实践,文章提出加强其跨国采购中心和国际研发中心建设,使整个上海成为跨国公司的国际供应链中心,从而为上海国际贸易中心建设服务。     

Outcomes and Benefits of a Managerial Global Mind‐set: An Exploratory Study with Senior Executives in North America and India

Globalization and its associated challenges are compelling managers in multinational corporations to develop appropriate skill sets. An emerging body of research in international management has suggested that meeting this challenge requires the cultivation and development of a managerial global mind‐set. There has been limited empirical work on the outcomes and benefits of a managerial global mind‐set and consequently this article attempts to fill that gap. Based on semistructured interviews with a total of 56 senior executives of multinational corporations in North America (United States and Canada) and India, this study identifies five outcomes of a global mind‐set with benefits for managers and their organizations. The findings have theoretical implications, which are discussed along with their practical applications for multinational corporations, their senior executives, and human resource professionals, with respect to identifying management development programs that assist in the cultivation and nurturing of a global mind‐set. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

台资对福建省技术进步的影响与对策

台资对福建省技术进步的影响主要表现为:提高了福建省产业技术水平,促进产业结构优化升级;通过示范和竞争作用,提升了福建省企业的技术水平;带来较为先进的经营理念,并提高了人力资源的素质。但由于种种原因,台商直接投资技术溢出效应还不显著。要努力促进台资的技术溢出能力,提高福建省内资企业对技术外溢的吸收能力。     

Labor,Risk, and Uncertainty in Global Supply Networks—Exploratory Insights

Arising from widespread outsourcing and, in particular, offshoring, goods and services are increasingly provided by supply networks that rely on global logistic systems. While the risks and uncertainties involved in this strategy have been widely acknowledged in the literature on interorganizational networks and supply chain management, labor conditions and labor relations—and related human resource management issues—have thus far been neglected. Starting from a perspective that takes into consideration that global supply networks are not only confronted with calculable risks but also genuine uncertainties, we explore the conditions under which labor may constitute a source as well as a means for dealing with risk and uncertainty. The study is based on a review of the relevant interorganizational network and supply chain management literature and is informed by an investigation of International Framework Agreements (IFAs) in 10 European corporations and their supply networks. IFAs—in addition to unilateral codes of conduct—could be used to detect and cope with labor‐related risk and uncertainties. However, our findings reveal that this is not the case. This leads to some tentative theoretical conclusions and implications for dealing with risk and uncertainty in global supply networks.     

Exploring the missing point of view in international advertising management: local managers in global advertising agencies

In the decades-long debates about whether standardised or adapted strategies are better for global brands, and whether centralised or decentralised international communications planning is more effective, little attention has been given to the perspective of local managers in the subsidiaries of global agencies. This paper reports on the experiences and opinions of account managers and creative directors in Korean subsidiaries, with regard to the international advertising policies of their agencies and clients. The authors find less centralisation than prior research has reported and yet more negative experiences with standardised global advertising. Creativity is a key consideration for the Korean managers, especially for products, be they consumer or industrial, that have universal demand. The perspective of subsidiary managers in multinational corporations should be considered in the advertising planning process in order to avoid conflict which could decrease the effectiveness of global campaigns.     

Toward a Model for International Business Ethics

This paper briefly examines the topic of business ethics and attempts to suggest a code of ethics for multinational firms. While most companies have basic policies on employee integrity, confidentiality and sexual harassment, relatively few have established policies regarding bribery, exploitive child labor, human rights violations and other issues they may encounter in the global market place (Drake, 1998). Until recently, very few companies had truly global operations. Consequently little attention was paid to the issue of ethical guidelines in a global context. Recent changes in international markets have led to an explosion of corporations with global operations, and the need for a global code of ethics has grown commensurately. In this paper we explore the issue of global business ethics and attempt to provide a framework for future discussion. We also examine some of the unique difficulties surrounding the development of any set of global business standards. Key among these difficulties is the issue of competing ethical values in home and host countries.     

自由贸易协议谈判中的国际劳工标准问题

国际劳工标准是一种规范全球范围劳工事务的制度。经济全球化导致劳工标准问题的重要性日益凸现,发达国家采取了将劳工标准与贸易挂钩的方式推进劳工标准的实施,并在地区层次和双边层次取得了重大进展,但在全球层次的谈判则陷入"囚徒困境"。这是发达国家和发展中国家在劳工标准领域博弈的结果。中国在劳工标准领域也面临着巨大的挑战。