An efficiency and effectiveness model for international tourist hotels in Taiwan

Taiwan's economic growth has improved the quality of life and raised the standard of the tourism industry in Taiwan. This paper selects the hotel industry, in order to assess how international tourist hotels operate their business by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure their operational efficiency and effectiveness. By using the DEA model to assess the results of the relative efficiency and effectiveness of hotels to improve their operations, the paper also aims to rank the hotels by applying the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje method combined with entropy weight among the criteria.     

‘Gone to Gowings’ - An Analysis of Success Factors in Retail Longevity: Gowings of Sydney

Low productivity within service industries has been a major concern, but this situation is unlikely to improve without a general change in the way productivity is measured and managed. This paper aims to illustrate the value of stepwise data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring and benchmarking productivity. The issues and problems regarding productivity measurement as well as the advantages of using DEA in productivity measurement are analysed. The article extends current DEA applications by developing a stepwise approach to DEA. The latter technique combines correlation and DEA analysis for developing robust models and sound productivity measurement. The advantages of the proposed methodology are illustrated by applying it to a dataset of three-star hotels in the UK. Six inputs and three outputs are identified as the factors affecting rooms division efficiency in three star hotels.     

A data envelopment analysis on assessing the competitiveness of Korean hotels

With the ever-rising cost of doing business and increased competition, many hotels have experienced financial difficulties resultant from a gradual decline in profit and market share. Since the financial health of the hotel affects its investment capability in constantly improving customer services, the service performance and the subsequent competitiveness of the hotel often reflect its financial efficiency. As such, there is a growing need to assess the financial efficiency of the hotel in comparison with its competitors. To meet such a need, this paper proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that develops a meaningful set of benchmarks that will dictate best practices and form a successful hotel business model. Using the examples of 31 luxury and budget hotels in Korea, this paper illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practices.     

酒店企业相对效率的定量评价方法

中国酒店业迅速增长的规模总量与其经营效益持续下滑形成鲜明的对比,随着外商投资政策壁垒的消除,国际饭店集团已经加快进入中国的步伐,以“网络化、国际化、品牌化”为主题的酒店业的竞争更加激烈。提高酒店的投入产出比,提高经营效益是实现酒店业可持续发展的根本途径。     

Technology revenue management system for customer groups in hotels

This paper discusses revenue management; a technique that focuses on decision making that will maximize profit from the sale of perishable inventory units. New technologies management plays an important role in the development of revenue management techniques. Each new advancement in technology management leads to more sophisticated revenue business capabilities. Today decision support revenue management systems and technologies management are crucial factors for the success of businesses in service industries. This paper addresses the specific case of customer groups in hotels. This paper introduces a new decision support system that sets the revenue maximization criteria for a hotel. The aforementioned system includes a set of demand forecasting methods for customers and addresses a general case considering individual guests and customer groups. The system also incorporates deterministic and stochastic mathematical programming models that help to make the best decisions. The actual revenue depends upon which reservation system the hotel uses. A simulation engine makes a comparison between different heuristics of room inventory control: the results include performance indexes such as occupancy rate, efficiency rate, and yield; it compares results and chooses one of them. The system proves its suitability for actual cases by testing against actual data and thus becoming an innovative and efficient tool in the management of hotels' reservation systems.     

Benchmarking Indian banks using DEA in post-reform period: a progressive time-weighted mean approach

The ranking of banks based on single period data could mislead the management as well as customers, as many one-time influences may wrongly portray banks with lasting strategy. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to rank Indian banks based on their performance over 13 years of post-reform period by using the progressive time-weighted means of variable benchmarking super-efficiency scores. Furthermore, the relative performances of these banks are evaluated against the ‘best practice’ bank by using the fixed benchmarking DEA model. The results show no statistical evidence of dominance of either public sector banks over private sector banks or vice-versa when their efficiencies are evaluated with the common frontier. However, the variations in efficiency across the public sector banks are comparatively less as compared with private sector banks. The efficiency based on the ownership frontier further supports our argument that the public sector banks are relatively more consistent in their performance over the years as well as across the banks. The results show a huge difference in the ranking of some of the banks when the usual method of ranking is compared with progressive time-weighted mean approach, where the performance of the banks over the years is taken into account.     

Purging data before productivity analysis

Studies of productivity often ignore measurement error and fail to distinguish between exogenous and endogenous factors in adjusting for the environment. This failure may misguide managerial decisions on benchmarking, ranking, and remuneration. For example, common relative efficiency techniques such as data envelopment analysis (DEA) assume away the measurement error. This article combines DEA with stochastic frontier analysis in a synergistic multiple-stage analysis to purge the estimate of managerial performance of measurement error and exogenous factors. Removing the impact of measurement error indicates the largest rise in productivity. Removing the impact of exogenous factors raises discriminatory power. The method offers a number of innovations over other studies in the literature. The article is also the first to investigate the profit efficiency of the commercial banks in the United Arab Emirates.     

Measuring the road safety performance of Iranian provinces: a double-frontier DEA model and evidential reasoning approach

Abstract

Road traffic accidents are critical public issue in developing countries, and they annually waste a significant amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In order to urgently consider how this problem is related to the current policies, a proper safety evaluation of regional programmes in crash reduction is fundamental to the governments. The current research aims to employ a double-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess the productivity of Iranian regional safety programmes in reducing the number of road fatalities. The safety efficiencies of Iranian provinces are simultaneously estimated using the double frontier DEA to reflect both the optimistic and pessimistic points of view. Then, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach is applied to aggregate the obtained efficiency values. These provinces are ranked based on the data panel for 2014–2016. Finally, a double-frontier Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to comprehensively measure the safety performance of Iranian roads over a period of time.     

基于数据包络分析方法(DEA-Tobit)的城市电子商务服务业效率评价——以淘宝网为例

利用数据包络分析方法评价浙江11个城市电子商务服务业的效率,从投入产出的角度,评价各城市电子商务服务业竞争力。再将综合效率值作为因变量,城市经济水平、产业规模、工业化水平、教育程度作为自变量进行Tobit回归,研究这4个因素对综合效率的影响程度。结果表明:城市经济水平与产业规模与综合效率相关性显著,均成正相关,工业化水平与教育程度与综合效率相关性不十分显著,且前者成负相关,后者成正相关。     

基于DEA理论的地区旅游业效率评价

运用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis DEA)理论对中国各地区的旅游业进行效率与规模收益分析,研究表明:地区间的效率差距明显、各地旅游业的规模效益是递增的、旅游业的管理与技术水平落后、资源配置在旅游业的发展中起重要作用等。研究结果可以为地区旅游政策、旅游战略决策的制定提供参考。     

An assessment of operational efficiency of retail firms in China

This study aims to assess operational efficiency of retail firms in China. Economic efficiencies of 61 retailers working in China between 2000 and 2003 are examined in this study using three related methodologies: data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist productivity index (MPI), and a bootstrapped Tobit regression model. DEA analysis shows that only seven retail firms are considered as efficient under CRS assumption in 2002, and four firms in 2003. MPI results indicate that about 37.7 percent (23 out of 61) of retail firms have registered progress in terms of MPI during 2000 and 2003. Results of the bootstrapped Tobit analysis show that retail characteristic plays a significant role influencing retail efficiency.     

Do independent hotels benefit from the presence of branded ones?

This paper investigates the performance changes of independent hotels due to the presence of nearby branded hotels in Texas. The moderating effects of these performance spillovers are also examined. Evidence from empirical analysis shows the existence and moderate significance of spillover effects from branded to independent hotels. Further analyses indicate that younger and higher-class independent hotels benefit significantly from performance spillovers from branded hotels. Higher-class branded hotels generate the vast majority of spillovers for their independent peers in the vicinity. Moreover, between the two types of branded hotels, franchised hotels generate the vast majority of spillovers, whereas contributions from chain-operated hotels are negligible. Suggestions are provided to independent hotels on how to improve their performance through spillovers from branded hotels.     

商业银行经营效率评价与影响因素分析

本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型测度了商业银行的技术效率、成本效率和配置效率;通过麦氏(Malmquist)指数DEA模型描述了商业银行效率的动态变化;使用固定影响变截距面板数据模型分析了DEA测度下的商业银行效率的影响因素.结果表明,1999年是国有商业银行成本效率的转折点;近年来越来越多的商业银行表现出规模报酬递增的态势;技术效率、成本效率和资产配置效率的影响因素之间存在交互性现象.     

How Well Have Social Economy Financial Institutions Performed During the Crisis Period? Exploring Financial and Social Efficiency in Spanish Credit Unions

As Social Economy financial institutions, credit unions have traditionally been considered less efficient than traditional banking entities. However, like banks and savings banks, they have to be as efficient and competitive as possible to survive in today’s business environment, especially at times of crisis. To date, there have been very few studies on their efficiency and practically none for the crisis period. Moreover, almost all the existing studies assess only financial efficiency, without considering their social function. This study examines the levels of both financial and social efficiency in Spanish credit unions as well as their main determinants during the recent crisis. We apply the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology based on panel data corresponding to all the credit unions active in Spain between 2008 and 2013. The empirical results indicate that financial and social efficiency achieved an acceptable level, although on average the former was slightly greater than the latter. We also find that both age and merger and acquisition activity were positively influential on the financial efficiency of credit unions but had a significant negative effect on their social efficiency. Moreover, the regional location of such entities and the financial crisis were also crucial determinants of both types of efficiency. Our findings are therefore useful for all the stakeholders of credit unions to know if these entities have been efficient according to a double bottom line accounting in the crisis period and hence to maintain successful social management that is compatible with satisfactory financial efficiency.     

Off-balance sheet activities and cost inefficiency in Taiwan's Banks

In this study, we adopt a stochastic cost frontier method to investigate the influence of off-balance sheet (OBS) activities on the cost efficiency of Taiwan's banks. We estimate and compare cost inefficiency with or without OBS outputs of 46 Taiwanese commercial banks during the period, 1998 through 2001. The conclusions of this empirical study are as follows. First, omitting off-balance sheet outputs in estimating the cost frontier function of banks results in an underestimation of bank efficiency by approximately 5 per cent. Second, large banks are associated with a higher cost efficiency and have an increased ability to develop OBS activities. This is consistent with Taiwan's regulatory policies, which focus on promoting efficiency in the banking industry of emerging markets. Banks with higher employee productivity are also more cost efficient. Finally, we observe evidence of economies of scale in both models with or without OBS specification in Taiwan's bank industry. Economies of scope between loans and OBS outputs are also observed.     

Evaluating the financial performances of Korean luxury hotels using data envelopment analysis

In the wake of catastrophic natural disasters and rising threats of terrorism, the hotel industry has been hit hard by declining revenues and increasing competition. To avoid such a downward spiral, the hotel industry should find remedies to make its operations lean and robust. These remedies may include: niche marketing, reduced debt ratio, increased profit margin, and continuous improvement of hotel service quality. These remedies, however, would be of no avail, unless the hotel management finds a way to compare its financial strengths and weaknesses against its competitors. In an effort to help the hotel management enhance its financial efficiency and price leverage in the increasingly competitive hotel industry, this article aims to develop a meaningful set of financial benchmarks that will dictate best practices and shape up a successful hotel business model. Thus, we propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) that is proven to be useful for measuring the financial efficiency of various profit or non-profit organizations. Using the examples of first-class, luxury hotels in Korea, this article illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practices.     

New Zealand Bank Mergers and Efficiency Gains

ABSTRACT

This paper uses accounting ratios and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to explore the efficiency impacts of 6 bank mergers in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. The paper is the first reported application of DEA to the New Zealand banking sector, and its methodology is based around that used by Avkiran in his study published in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 1999 (Avkiran, 1999b).

Consistent with earlier research, acquiring banks were found to be generally larger than their targets, although they were not consistently more efficient. In a majority of cases the merger led to an increase in efficiency, consistent with a trend observed for the banking sector as a whole. No clear conclusions could be drawn on possible public benefits from the mergers.     

Efficiency and ownership: evidence from Japanese credit cooperatives

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the overall efficiency and productivity growth of credit cooperatives in Japan during 1992–1996. Overall efficiency is decomposed into output technical efficiency and input allocative efficiency. Twenty percent of all credit cooperatives in Japan are foreign owned with more than 90% of those owned by Koreans. The history of institutional discrimination against Koreans in Japan suggests that ownership might affect efficiency. The empirical findings suggest that foreign-owned cooperatives are more efficient and experienced greater productivity growth during the period.Keywords: Input allocative efficiency; DEAJEL classification: G2     

How hotels compete on the basis of competitive priorities and their relationship with infrastructural and structural decisions

This paper aims to investigate how hotels compete on the basis of competitive priorities. First, the study analyzes the relationship between competitive priorities and structural and infrastructural decisions. Second, it develops a taxonomy of hotels based on their emphasis on several competitive priorities. Finally, after identifying the groups of hotels according to their competitive priorities, their differences are analyzed regarding the importance and emphasis that they endow to operations decisions. Sixty-five hotels are surveyed, and valid instruments are designed to measure competitive priorities and operations decisions. The results show a positive relationship between competitive priorities, and each structural and infrastructural decision analyzed. Findings indicate that the three groups of hotels emphasize different sets of competitive priorities: cost and flexibility, “Do all” hotels, and quality and service. Finally, the results show significant differences among the groups of hotels in their emphasis on infrastructural and structural decisions. The consequences of competing in each of the categories of hotels are considered in the paper.     

基于DEA的我国装备制造企业自主创新能力综合评价

装备制造业是任何一个发达工业体系的中枢,在经济成长和新型工业化过程中发挥着极为重要的作用。对我国装备制造企业自主创新能力的影响因素进行深入分析,在此基础上构建装备制造企业自主创新能力评价的指标体系;运用DEA理论,引入基于输入的C2R模型和单纯评价技术有效的BC2模型,从定性和定量相结合的视角,分两阶段对装备制造企业自主创新能力进行综合评价。