中国商业银行全要素生产率测度及其影响因素分析

文章利用Malmquist生产率指数测算了中国14家商业银行2000-2006年的全要素生产率、技术效率和技术变化,并构建Panel Data模型对影响中国商业银行效率的因素进行实证检验.结果表明,2000-2006年中国商业银行全要素生产率平均增长率为4.88%,其主要来源于技术进步的作用,国有商业银行全要素生产率增长比股份制商业银行高,ATM与POS投资对中国商业银行全要素生产率有显著正影响,自有资本比例有利于改善商业银行生产效率,而存贷款比例、规模、资产费用率与商业银行生产效率提高没有显著联系.     

中国电力产业效率和生产率变动的实证研究

本文采用中国电力产业1996-2003年间省际的面板数据,用DEA和Malmquist生产率指数方法考察了中国电力产业在市场化改革期间的效率和生产率变动,研究结果发现:各省电力企业纯技术效率相差较小,其效率差别主要表现在规模效率上的差别;电力产业存在规模经济性,企业的规模与规模效率具有显著的正相关关系,规模无效率的企业实际规模过小;在考察期间中国电力产业的全要素生产率以年均2.1%的速度增长,这主要得益于技术进步,而效率总体上并没有提高,表现为X无效率。这表明我国电力产业的市场化改革并未提高企业的效率。     

技术效率、技术进步与中国流通业生产率增长

文章运用基于数据包络分析的Malmquist指数方法测算了中国流通业全要素生产率增长状况,并将其分解为技术效率变化和技术进步.研究表明,1993-2008年中国流通业全要素生产率的平均增长率为0.6%,其中技术效率改善0.4%,技术进步率为0.2%,不同时期生产率增长的特点存在一定差异.同时,东、中、西部地区之间和地区内部全要素生产率的增长率也存在显著差异.全要素生产率对流通业的作用还有待进一步提高.     

商业银行经营效率评价与影响因素分析

本文运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型测度了商业银行的技术效率、成本效率和配置效率;通过麦氏(Malmquist)指数DEA模型描述了商业银行效率的动态变化;使用固定影响变截距面板数据模型分析了DEA测度下的商业银行效率的影响因素.结果表明,1999年是国有商业银行成本效率的转折点;近年来越来越多的商业银行表现出规模报酬递增的态势;技术效率、成本效率和资产配置效率的影响因素之间存在交互性现象.     

我国银行业改革中的商业银行效率演进:基于M指数法的实证分析

本文利用基于DEA的曼奎斯特生产率指数法测算了1993-2006年我国商业银行曼奎斯特生产率指数、技术效率指数和技术进步指数,并时市场竞争度、所有权结构、银行初始效率水平与生产率增长、技术效率提高和技术进步的关系进行了实证检验.结果表明,商业化改革对我国商业银行全要素生产率变化具有显著影响:我国商业银行的生产率是增长的,1999年以前生产率增长主要源于技术进步带来的"追赶效应",1999年以后则源于技术进步带来的"前沿面移动效应";我国商业银行的生产率增长和技术效率提高有趋同的趋势,初始效率低的国有银行生产率增长和效率提高的速度快于效率较高的股份制银行;最后,本文发现市场竞争和产权结构都对商业银行生产率增长、效率提高和技术进步具有重要的影响.     

Liberalisation,privatisation and the productivity of Egyptian banks: a non-parametric approach

This paper evaluates the performance of Egyptian banks during a period characterised by changes in economic policies. The Egyptian government's liberalisation policies in the early 1990s have had a positive or negative impact on the performance of the Egyptian banks. In addition, whether the liberalisation impact has influenced different forms of banks' ownership and sizes with consistent magnitude is examined. Another objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the privatisation process at the end of 1995 on the efficiency and productivity performance of the overall banking sector and on joint-venture banks in particular. The data envelopment analysis Malmquist methodology is employed to estimate the productivity of Egyptian banks.     

Capacity inefficiencies of teaching and non-teaching hospitals

This paper investigates capacity-based inefficiency causes and the existence of any differences between the improvement processes of teaching and non-teaching hospitals. In an effort to comparatively evaluate the inefficiency causes of hospitals in Turkey, this study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA can simultaneously assess the relationship between capacity (physical capacity and medical labor capacity) as inputs and the utilization of capacity (utilization of institution capacity for patients, utilization of physical capacity, and utilization of technological capacity) as outputs. In addition, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to analyze the patterns of efficiency change for the study years from 2001 to 2007. Several improvement suggestions have been provided to health care policy makers regarding inefficiency causes and ways of optimizing hospital efficiency.     

资源环境双重规制下中国地区全要素生产率研究——基于1996-2009年的实证分析

基于已有文献在研究全要素生产率时不考虑环境因素,或者仅考虑环境因素而忽视能源投入的现实,文章将资源和环境因素同时纳入生产率研究框架,对1996-2009年中国省级经济单元的全要素生产率(TFP)进行了测算,并将全要素生产率变动分解为技术效率变化和技术进步变化;对技术效率变化进一步分解为纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化,实现了TFP增长的动态分解,并研究了TFP变动的影响因素.研究结果表明,考虑资源环境约束,我国整体TFP较低,还存在较大的改进空间;TFP增长的主要源泉在于技术利用效率的提高,而技术进步和规模效率的作用并不明显.工业产值所占比重、资本/劳动比率上升不利于TFP的提高,外资引入对TFP改进具有拟制作用,降低国有经济比重和政府对市场经济的过度干预、增加环境污染治理投资有助于全要素生产率的提高.在生产效率(或经济增长效率)的核算中,忽略资源环境因素的冲击,有可能导致经济增长效率被高估,由此得出的政策建议会带有一定的误导性.     

中国汽车产业上市公司生产效率研究

基于2001-2008年中国17家汽车生产企业的面板数据,本文采用数据包络分析方法和Malmquist生产率指数分析方法,测算各年度各样本汽车生产企业的实际生产效率,包括技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率等三项指标,并得到2001-2008年间各企业生产效率的排名。测算样本企业的全要素生产率结果显示,中国汽车生产企业的全要素生产效率整体呈现逐年上降趋势。     

Total Factor Productivity in the Turkish Insurance Industry

This paper employs the Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index to examine the total factor productivity change in the life and non‐life branches of the Turkish insurance sector for the period 2000–2005. The Malmquist productivity index is decomposed into two components: the efficiency change component and the technical change component. The results indicate a decrease of 19.4 % in total factor productivity in the life insurance sector and an increase of 6.1% in the non‐life insurance sector during the sample period. Significant TFP growth in the non‐life insurance sector has occurred during 2003–2005. This growth is seen to be mainly due to the change in production technology. The firms are then split into two groups, domestic and foreign firms, according to their ownership composition. The results indicate a decline in total factor productivity for both groups in the life insurance sector whereas in the non‐life insurance sector, an increase in the total factor productivity of domestic firms is observed.     

Productivity growth,technical progress and efficiency change in Spanish retail trade (1995–2004): a disaggregated sectoral analysis

This article analyses productivity growth in Spanish retail stores during the period 1995–2004. It is also interested in analysing the influence of regulation/deregulation processes on the efficiency and productivity of the firms. The analysis is carried out from a disaggregated sectoral perspective at the 4-digit NACE code level. The non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to compute Malmquist productivity indexes. These are decomposed into efficiency change and technical change. Big differences are found in the productivity growth for each sector. First, six retail sectors experienced positive productivity growth, while six saw productivity growth decrease. Second, most sectors experienced technical progress. Third, some sectors improved their efficiency, while others became less efficient. Fourth, the TFP improvements were almost entirely due to technical progress, and only four sectors improved their efficiency. The findings obtained from the analysis of the deregulation of opening hours show two important facts: (i) the differences in the productivity and the efficiency of the firms between sectors, and (ii) the losses /improvements of efficiency of the firms in relation to the effects of the shop opening hours or the lack of adaptation to the environment.     

资本约束下我国商业银行的风险偏好现状与对策研究

随着巴塞尔协议Ⅲ和中国银监会印发的《中国银行业实施新监管标准指导意见》的出台,确立了我国银行业实施新监管标准的政策框架。受此影响,当一部分银行资本充足率不迭标时,可以约束盲目信贷扩张,抑制经济过热的手段之一,调控商业银行整体风险水平;当大部分银行都达到了最低资本充足率要求时,资本约束效应将明显弱化,其他政策工具将是调控信贷的主要手段;而大部分银行为了降低风险。会选择“分母”对策,调整其资产组合。监管部门应我国银行业现状出发,以平滑信贷供给的过度波动为目标,逆风向调整资本充足率,以满足监管要求。     

Efficiency in the Greek Banking Industry: A Comparison of Foreign and Domestic Banks

This study uses a sample of foreign and domestic banks operating in Greece during 1999–2004 to examine the impact of ownership on efficiency. We estimate an input oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) model under variable returns to scale with inputs and outputs selected on the basis of a profit‐oriented approach. The results indicate an average pure technical efficiency equal to 0.7325 showing that the banks in sample could improve their efficiency by 26.75%. Over the same period, scale efficiency was equal to 0.6830. The comparison of the efficiency scores by group of ownership shows that domestic banks have higher pure technical efficiency and lower scale efficiency; however, the differences are not statistically significant. A DEA window‐analysis confirms the results of the cross‐section estimations. We also estimate a Tobit regression model but consistent with the univariate results we find no evidence to support the argument that ownership has a statistically significant impact on efficiency.     

Productivity change of microfinance institutions in Kenya: A bootstrap Malmquist approach

This paper uses a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) based Malmquist approach to investigate the changes in productivity of 20 Kenyan microfinance institutions (MFIs) over the period 2009–2012. A bootstrap procedure is employed to determine whether the changes in Malmquist index and its components are statistically significant. Results show that MFIs have experienced about 7% annual productivity progress on average, which is mainly attributable to technological advances. A second-stage bootstrapped regression analysis is employed to examine the impact of several environmental variables on productivity change measures. Results show that matured MFIs tend to have a lower productivity compared to their younger counterparts. Results also reveal that higher return-on-assets associates with the productivity gain and technological improvements.     

基于DEA视窗分析与Malmquist指数的安徽环境效率动态变化研究——以安徽17个城市2004-2009年数据为样本

运用DEA视窗分析模型测度了考虑污染排放约束在内的安徽17个主要城市区域环境效率动态变化趋势，进而利用Malmquist生产率指数的测算及其分解探究安徽环境效率变动原因。得出结论：安徽环境效率区域发展不平衡，但区域差异有所收敛。技术进步制约安徽区域环境效率提升，技术效率成为安徽区域环境效率提升的源泉。     

我国服务业发展的效率特征及其影响因素——基于DEA方法的实证研究

借助数据包络分析方法(DEA)方法,分析了我国服务业的效率特征。研究表明,我国服务业发展效率较低,未能充分挖掘出现有资源和技术的潜力,而且区域之间效率差距明显并在不断扩大。基于理论和实证分析发现,全要素生产率(TFP)的变化主要受起点因素、就业人员教育水平的变化、市场化推进幅度以及资本密集度变化影响。     

服务业FDI的前向关联和中国制造业生产率增长——基于行业面板数据的实证分析

本文采用制造业行业面板数据,运用投入产出表构建服务业FDI对制造业的前向关联指标,并基于DEA方法将制造业的全要素生产率增长分解为技术效率增长和技术进步增长的基础上,探讨服务业FDI是否通过前向关联促进了中国制造业的生产率增长。研究发现,服务业FDI通过前向关联显著促进了中国制造业的技术水平提升和技术效率改善,但主要是通过提升制造业的技术水平来促进制造业全要素生产率增长。     

中国商业银行运行效率和获利效率的实证分析

运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对中国商业银行的运行和获利效率进行了研究,指出国有商业银行在提供金融服务效率上要高于股份制商业银行,但在获利效率上不如股份制商业银行,同时指出中国商业银行运行效率和获利效率不存在相关性。     

FDI,Productivity and Financial Development

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth by focusing on the complementarities between FDI inflows and financial markets. In our earlier work, we found that FDI is beneficial for growth only if the host country has well‐developed financial institutions. In this paper, we investigate whether this effect operates through factor accumulation and/or improvements in total factor productivity (TFP). Factor accumulation – physical and human capital – does not seem to be the main channel through which countries benefit from FDI. Instead, we find that countries with well‐developed financial markets gain significantly from FDI via TFP improvements. These results are consistent with the recent findings in the growth literature that shows the important role of TFP over factors in explaining cross‐country income differences.     

要素抑或效率驱动——来自江苏省市县经济增长的证据

文章采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法对2008—2016年江苏省54个市县的工业全要素生产率进行测算,并计算全要素生产率(TFP)对工业经济的贡献率,判断是要素抑或效率驱动经济增长。研究发现,江苏省平均效率贡献率仅为-6.3%,效率的驱动作用因地区而言,整体上发展不充分。苏南属于效率驱动型,而苏中、苏北属于要素驱动型。江苏日后应着力于技术开发和应用推广,提高技术进步和技术效率水平,逐渐实现从要素驱动转变为效率驱动的发展模式。