中小企业应对反倾销集群化战略的博弈分析

本文建立了博弈模型，对我国遭受了国外反倾销比重很大的中小企业如何应对反倾销提出了集群化发展战略，从理论上分析中小企业在选择单独进入和集群进入时不同的博弈结果，得出中小企业选择集群进入时，无论东道国企业选择起诉，或者不起诉均会选择留在市场，而且一旦东道国企业起诉对其造成的损失，会比容忍对方进入的损失大，这便对东道国企业构成了一个可置信的威胁，使得东道国企业只能选择容忍中小企业进入其市场的策略，达到在不完全信息下的子博弈精炼纳什均衡，这一结论对我国中小企业应对反倾销的集群化发展战略提供了理论依据。     

高流动性对我国企业劳资冲突的影响——基于完全非完美信息动态博弈模型的分析

国际金融危机持续扩散蔓延,我国劳动力市场呈现出高流动性的特征。文章根据金融危机下我国企业劳资冲突的现状构建博弈模型,分析国际金融危机下劳动力市场高流动性对我国企业劳资冲突的影响。结论是：无论是国有企业还是非国有企业,劳动力的高流动性都可能会使原本不可置信的威胁变成现实。在非国有企业中,要做好使工人回复序贯理性的工作,搞好再就业与创业。另外,我们必须考虑国有企业面临金融危机时,是不是应该以摆脱包袱为改制的唯一目的。而且,即使实行了私有化的改制,就必须采取措施让工人意识到他们的权益不会被侵犯。     

FDI、出口与企业的异质性——基于不同方式下风险差异的视角

企业国际化路径选择是新-新贸易理论研究前沿的一个方面。本文以Melitz(2003)、Helpman el at.(2004)的研究为基础,将企业生产率的异质性与国际市场的风险相结合,用以研究企业进入国际市场的方式选择。理论分析发现:在满足一定条件下,生产率较高的企业同时选择以出口与FDI的方式进入国际市场,生产率较低的企业选择出口方式,生产率处于中间位置的企业以FDI方式进入国际市场;且不同方式下的风险差异对企业进入国际市场方式选择产生"空间效应"。此外,文章采用差异系数分别从国别(地区)和行业角度比较了出口与FDI的风险,得出总体上出口风险小于FDI的结论。以上研究进一步丰富了新-新贸易理论的内容,并为企业国际化路径选择提供了指导价值。     

企业经营管理体制革命与过剩经济挑战

进入九十年代中期以来,我国经济正逐步由短缺经济向过剩经济转换,企业发展越来越面临着过剩经济的困扰与挑战。我国是第一个走出短缺经济的社会主义国家,这种挑战的严重性是史无前例的。当前这种过剩经济具有以下几个特点: 一是全面性。这次经济过剩与我们以前所说的结构性过剩不同,不是某一行业,某一产品的过剩,而是具有全面性的特征。全国各行各业都出现普遍过剩,不仅是产品过剩,而且是生产能力过剩。按照国际公认,生产能力利用率低于75％,就意味着是生产能力过剩,     

掠夺性定价的KMRW声誉模型分析

掠夺性定价问题的理性与否一直备受争议。本文通过对掠夺性定价行为建立KMRW声誉模型进行分析,证明了在通常的双边信息不对称条件下,掠夺性定价对企业自身利益而言完全可能是理性的行为,企业可以通过实施该行为达到排挤进入者或者遏制潜在进入、维护市场份额的目的。另一方面,通过对我国航空业低价竞争行为的分析可以看出,掠夺性定价可能会导致垄断和低效率,带来社会整体效益的损失。因此就需要市场、政府、行业协会以及企业等各方面共同采取措施对其进行规范和约束,维护公平效率的竞争环境。     

市场环境中的企业对策分析

本文对市场机会、市场威胁进行了简单的分析,并对发现、分析、选择与利用市场机会与市场威胁的途径和方法进行了探讨,提出了一些企业如何利用市场机会、市场威胁的对策。通过本文的论述,希望能够提醒企业实时注意市场营销环境的变化,及时分析、恰当利用市场机会和市场威胁,从而促进企业持续经营和发展。     

试论我国过剩经济下中小企业的作用

一般来说,在短缺经济条件下,供给不足,只要投资就不会发生产品销售不畅的情况。随着投资规模的扩大,供应能力逐渐增强,供应量逐渐超过有效需求量,经济出现全面过剩。商品销售不畅容易使得企业生产能力利用不足,而部分企业亏损严重甚至倒闭,造成工人大量失业。中小企业不仅吸收就业、解决失业问题,而且还有着无限的创造性,正是这种创造性为企业开辟了新的市场、并为产品找到了新的用途。文章认为中小企业的创新是带领经济走出过剩状态的重要因素。     

跨国公司市场进入模式选择及东道国政策干预的经济学分析

跨国公司可以通过FDI进入东道国市场。在大多数研究文献中,对于FDI这种市场进入模式是不加区分的,也就是不区分新设投资和跨国并购。本文研究了跨国公司对这两种模式选择的规律,分析了跨国公司市场进入模式选择与东道国福利存在的冲突性,并通过分析寡头市场以及垄断型市场下的差异,予政府的政策干预提供了合理的依据。     

中国企业融资中的"劣势有效"及其经济学分析

中国大部分企业有强烈的股权融资偏好.这种偏好的存在有极为复杂的原因,既存在非理性行为,也存在非意愿选择约束.本论文通过对两种融资约束机制有效性的分析,意在说明两个问题:其一,中国资本市场发育的不平衡,在很大程度上与制度安排有关,由此导致企业的非意愿选择约束;其二,在成本约束下,企业融资选择中出现了经济学中所谈到的"劣势有效",从而导致企业在非理性条件下的理性选择.最终的结论是:中国企业融资问题的解决,必须依赖于制度的成长对市场选择机制的有效支持.     

全球化战略管理视角下的企业执行力研究

全球化是不可逆转的趋势,我国企业进入全球市场也是不可避免的选择,在机会与威胁共存的国际市场,面向国际市场进行战略管理,执行力成为制约战略实现的关键因素。本文拟从全球化战略管理的角度来审视我国企业提升执行力的紧迫性、重点、难点与措施。     

Multi‐Market Competition,R&D,and Welfare in Oligopoly

We investigate a multi‐market Cournot model with strategic process research and development (R&D) investments wherein a multi‐market firm meets new competitors that enter one of the markets. We show that entry can enhance the total R&D expenditures of the multi‐market firm. Moreover, the incumbent's profit nonmonotonically changes as the number of entrants increases. Depending on the fixed entry costs and R&D technologies, both insufficient and excess entry can appear. Our results imply that diversification of their products can be a useful strategy for firms.     

中国光伏产业国际竞争力研究：SCP视角

本文从SCP框架视角,分析了我国光伏产业现状、市场结构、市场行为以及市场绩效,结果表明我国光伏产业结构不合理、进出壁垒过高、产能过剩、国外依存度过高、一体化程度过低等问题,从而国际竞争力不高,因此提出了自己的相关建议,政府应尽快完善金融体系,扩大企业融资规模,制定并完善市场进入、退出机制,开拓国内市场需求;企业应加快体制改革,构建产业垂直一体化,引进先进技术,加快技术革新,提升企业品牌价值等。     

Long-term effects of labor market conditions on family formation for Japanese youth

This study aims to examine how each cohort’s family formation is affected by labor market conditions experienced in youth in Japan. Although the deterioration in youth employment opportunities has often been blamed for Japan’s declining fertility rate, the effect of slack labor market conditions on fertility is theoretically unclear. We estimate the effects of regional labor market conditions at entry to the labor market and contemporaneous conditions on fertility, controlling for nation-wide year effects and prefecture fixed effects, and find the following. First, high school-educated women who experienced a recession while entering the labor market are less likely to have children. In contrast, a recession rather increases fertility among college-educated women. When summed up, the aggregate impact of labor market conditions experienced in youth on fertility is weak. Second, the unemployment rate at entry to the labor market is positively correlated with the probability of having two or more children conditionally on having at least one child. Third, the contemporaneous unemployment rate is negatively correlated with marriage of women in the local labor market, although the correlation is weak and concentrated on the less educated group.     

The market as a commons: Is catching customers like catching fish?

Summary This note is a critique of an article by P. Copes published in the February 1984 issue ofDe Economist. Copes argues that an open access market must be regarded as a common property resource. By analogy to the economics of the fishery, he derives the proposition that free access to any market results in excess capacity because competitive entry dissipates what he calls the market rent. Copes claims that his results hold for the limiting case of perfect competition. Our critique explains why the analogy between a perfectly competitive market and a open access fishery is invalid.     

钢铁行业的产能过剩、存量资产优化障碍及问题的解决路径——一个基于产权视角的分析

对于钢铁行业产能过剩的原因,大多学者将其归因于增量投资的过度,忽视了存量资产的结构失衡问题。文章提出了从存量资产优化角度化解钢铁行业产能过剩困局的观点。在研究过程中,通过建立存量资产优化模型描述在产权市场中存量资产的优化过程,并结合钢铁行业特点从存量资产结构、产出可预见性、市场可进入性和交易成本四方面指出现存优化障碍。并在对障碍的属性和来源进行区分的基础上,提出问题的解决路径。     

中国服务业市场开放的历程与前景

中国服务业对外开放是在上世纪90年代前后才逐步展开。显著的变化发生在中国加入WTO之后。此后,中国服务业及服务贸易均实现了明显增长。目前,我国服务业市场的开放实践进入了与贸易伙伴国进行具体国内制度协调的阶段,而这种国内制度的国际协调无疑会促进中国政府对服务业管理水平的整体提升。     

Long-Term Effects of Labour Market Entry Conditions: The Case of Korea

This study investigates the effects of labour market conditions at the time of graduation, proxied by the local unemployment rate, on long-term family and labour market outcomes in Korea. The examination yields four main findings. Labour market entry conditions have strong and persistent effects among high school graduates. Male college graduates have a persistently lower probability of working at large firms if the demand for local labour shrinks at the time of graduation. Self-employment can be persistently hampered by adverse economic conditions at graduation. Family formation and childbearing are temporarily affected by labour market entry conditions, especially for less educated women. The first three findings highlight the notable segmentation of the Korean labour market into protected jobs in large firms – mostly part of business groups (chaebols) – and unprotected jobs.     

Marginal Distance: Does Export Experience Reduce Firm Trade Costs?

Are the costs of exporting to a market reduced if a firm has experience of exporting to a neighbouring market? If so, does this effect operate through reducing entry barriers or by increasing sales once the firm is operating in the market? This paper examines linkages between current export destinations and entry, sales and exit for new markets. We find that measures of exporting experience in geographically nearby markets increase the probability of entry into a market and reduce the probability of exit. However, these same measures have very limited effect on the firm’s export sales in the market. The effect of related experience on sales tends to be negative for recently entered firms. We interpret this result in the context of the Melitz heterogeneous-firm model of trade by showing that lower fixed costs reduce the entry threshold, but this lower threshold has the effect of allowing lower-sales marginal firms to be present in the market.     

Note on uncertainty and socially excessive entry

It is well known that under general conditions entry into imperfectly competitive markets is usually excessive. This note explores the effects of uncertainty on this result. Specifically, a firm that incurs entry costs might fail to successfully enter a market. In this environment, it is found that the previous conditions might not hold when there is uncertainty. That is, with uncertainty entry might be socially insufficient (instead of excessive) by more than one firm.     

资源型城市的就业与社会保障

资源型城市就业困难的原因在于向市场经济转型较晚,缺少新兴部门的成长与发育,因此缺少新增就业机会。正是由于国有企业改革起步较晚,资源型城市遭受就业冲击的程度反而不如非资源城市严重。政府对城市下岗失业者的救助同时存在着过度保护和保护不足,而以就业促进为特征的积极劳动力市场政策,虽然能够改善劳动者的市场地位,但却较少得到执行,为此,国家公共财政要为改变这种情况做出努力。