区块链技术应用于个人征信制度研究北大核心

区块链技术安全、不可篡改、去中心化等特点能有效克服当前个人征信制度存在的个人信用信息质量堪忧、保护不佳、流动不畅的问题。区块链等新兴技术应用于个人征信制度无疑会带来监管方面的诸多难题,同时也伴随着技术和成本等多方面的隐忧和挑战。针对这些问题,需要通过理念革新、规则完善和手段创新的多元应用,才能发挥区块链技术应用于个人征信制度的应有功效。     

区块链技术在企业征信领域的应用

企业征信存在信息共享不充分、信息源受限、信息维度单一、信息流通不规范等问题,而区块链技术去中心化、去信任化、可追溯性、具有共识机制的特点决定区块链技术可以应用于企业征信。分析区块链技术应用于征信的主要模式和在我国企业征信应用的可行方案,提出基于区块链技术的企业征信模型框架与主要流程,建议推进区块链技术研发,发挥政府主导作用,完善立法和监管手段,建立人才培养体系等。     

应用区块链技术建设新型征信体系

目前,我国征信体系存在缺乏法律支撑,信息获取难度大、质量低,信息孤岛等问题。区块链具有去中心化、可追溯的特点,可以将区块链技术应用于征信体系。探究应用区块链技术建设新型征信体系的模式,建立"区块链+征信"联盟化和完全去中心化模式,有利于解决征信体系的现存部分问题。此外,本文针对"区块链+征信"存在的风险提出了改进建议。     

基于区块链的互联网金融征信体系建设研究

我国征信体系还处于初级阶段,现行征信体系存在征信数据来源狭窄、数据分析能力不足、信用主体隐私易被侵犯、信用信息权威性不足、缺乏信息共享机制等问题.区块链技术有助于完善互联网征信体系建设,去中心化机制能增强数据采集能力,分布式存储处理有利于提升数据存储能力,加密算法能保护信用主体隐私,溯源技术能提升征信信息权威性,定价机制能促进信息共享.     

基于区块链技术的产业链征信问题研究

产业链上企业征信存在有效供给不足、信息孤岛、信息不透明、信息不完整、信息质量不高等问题,造成产业链金融产品覆盖范围有限、单节点融资、未实行全链互信的现状.区块链技术具有去中心化、去信任化、共识性、可追溯性的特点,可以应用于产业链征信,基于区块链技术构建的产业链征信系统,具有促进信息共享、提升监管有效性、推动产业链发展的...     

区块链技术对传统征信的变革研究

区块链技术具备的去中心化、共识决策、信息透明、不可篡改、无法抵赖、分布式数据库等特点,从根本上克服了目前基于观念、规制和经验的信用管理的理念和技术缺陷,这些特点恰恰是群体、社区和社会信用管理所需要的核心技术要素。区块链技术的应用对传统征信业务及其发展带来了理念、规程和技术等方面的变革,未来征信业将面临良好的发展前景。     

基于“区块链+”的互联网金融大数据双通道征信技术研究

互联网金融从诞生到现在,遭遇了阶段性发展瓶颈,尤其是风险控制环节成为亟待解决并决定其未来能否蜕变转型和蓬勃发展的关键.而大数据技术、区块链技术的迅猛发展,使得解决这些问题成为可能,如果将区块链技术升级为基于大数据的“去中心化+中心化”之“双通道”征信技术,有可能为互联网金融风控难题提供有效的解决方案.     

个人征信电子数据的保护方式研究

将个人征信电子数据用于金融机构间的信息共享时,其效率明显高于纸质文档.然而在大数据背景下,个人电子数据的泄露、滥用已逐渐成为公民信息安全之殇.通过数字签名、生物识别等显性特征,强化征信电子数据的个人权属.研究加密传输、区块链信息共享、安全储存等在电子文档中的应用,加强对个人征信电子数据的技术保护,并通过立法规制电子商务和互联网金融中对个人征信电子数据的收集、分析、泄露等行为.逐步加强对个人征信电子数据的权属、技术、法律的保护力度,才能增加公民对其信用信息安全的信任,进而提高信息化效率.在保障个人信息安全的基础上,逐步优化征信数据要素,有利于促进个人征信数据市场化发展.     

征信混合链的构建及应用探析

征信机构从多种渠道整合企业金融信息和涉企政务信息,打通银企信息对接渠道,利用信用信息缓解小微企业融资难融资贵问题.从实际效果来看,通过数据要素的倍增效应,信用信息促进了金融资源配置效率的提升,但信息损耗、信息难以共享、征信产品缺少验证机制等多种因素制约了信用信息促融作用的发挥.为解决这些问题,可将区块链的私有链、公有链、联盟链3种技术应用在征信业务的不同环节,构建征信混合链,通过发挥各种区块链技术的优势,全面重构征信业务生态.在数据要素倍增效应的作用下,征信混合链使得征信信息不但能促进金融资源配置效率的提升,还为我国更广泛的经济领域发展提供有效的数据支撑.     

区块链+农村金融：优势、应用与挑战

区块链技术具有去中心化、分布式账本、公开透明及智能化合约等技术特点,与金融领域存在较高契合度。通过对既有文献的梳理,发现区块链技术将从完善农村征信体系、缓解信息不对称、防范金融风险、助力普惠金融四个方面助力农村金融发展。目前区块链技术已在农村农业供应链金融、农业保险、支付结算与征信业务得到初步应用并取得不错的成果,但进一步加强区块链技术在农村金融产品中的应用还面临技术、安全、组织与法律监管四个方面的挑战。针对上述问题,本文从数字乡村建设、人才队伍建设、部门沟通协调机制与法制建设四个方面提出相关建议,以期对深入推进“区块链+农村金融”提供一定参考。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.