Land use Controls: Can Landowners Force Governmental Bodies to Pay?

A governmental body has the right to regulate owners' use of their land by exercising police powers. However, when such regulation substantially deprives an owner of the use of land, the owner can argue that a taking has occurred. Traditionally, a landowner could seek a declaration that the governmental regulation was unconstitutional and should be enjoined. At times an alternative remedy available to the landowner has been to sue for monetary damages. This latter action is called inverse or reverse condemnation.
This article examines two recent United States Supreme Court cases that address whether or not an inverse condemnation action is a permissible means by which a landowner can challenge the excessive nature of a zoning regulation. Although these cases have not directly answered this question, this article concludes that such a remedy would be beneficial and should be allowed.     

捷克政府债务管理经验及对我国的启示

捷克政府在经济转轨时期取得的成功是有目共睹的。本文从债务管理的角度对其具体做法进行了详尽的介绍,并结合我国实际,提出了进一步完善我国外债管理的具体建议。     

从"中关村"论我国管理层收购"做亏模式"的控制

“中关村”管理层收购表面上看是因为“亏损’’企业的大股东急于脱手．经营者进行“蛇吞象”式的收购。实际上是一种效仿者众的管理层收购“做亏模式”，为了达到“将企业做亏后再买之”的目的，经营者通常处心积虑，从一开始就采取措施倒逼大股东就范：其危害十分巨大，不仅保护中小投资者将落空，上市公司扭亏增盈无望，而且国有资产保值增值也会成泡影。因此，必须采取措施针对“做亏模式”不同阶段特点予以控制。     

国有企业工作经历、企业家才能与企业成长

人力资本的高效配置和企业家才能的充分发挥关系到经济的可持续发展,制度建设如果能促进资源合理流向具有企业家才能的企业家,就能创造更多就业和社会财富。基于全国1997—2016年的私营企业调查数据,本文考察企业家的国有企业工作经历对企业成长的影响。研究结果显示,企业家的国有企业工作经历使得企业在市场扩张和盈利能力等方面表现更好,带来了更高水平的企业成长。机制讨论表明,企业家行为带有明显的烙印效应,国有企业工作经历为企业家带来了更多的社会资本和更高的公司治理水平,从而促进了企业成长。为了缓解由于选择性偏误等带来的内生性,本文采用倾向得分匹配、处理效应模型、代理变量、双差分模型等方法进行处理,结论仍然稳健。中国经济要向资源配置效率改善型模式转变,企业家才能的发挥至关重要,国有企业改革不仅应注重产权等方面的改革,同时也要充分重视国有企业改革带来的人力资本溢出效应。在不断深化国有企业改革的大背景下,本文从企业家才能培育和人力资本配置效应的角度考察国有企业改革问题,倡导国有企业改革进程中进一步营造企业家才能发挥的空间和制度安排,提高人力资本配置效应,从而促进中国经济健康可持续发展。     

The NewProd System: The Industry Experience

Robert G. Cooper presents an update on the NewProd model, a new product screening, evaluation and diagnostic tool first described in this journal in 1985. He reviews the model's original development and describes subsequent modifications. Next, he presents validation results from North America and Europe, revealing a predictive ability of 73–84%. An actual case study demonstrates NewProd in use, complete with computer output graphics and analysis.     

The Chilean Anti-cartel Experience: Accomplishments and Challenges

Review of Industrial Organization - We evaluate the Chilean law and enforcement record in the area of cartels. We identify the high probability of cartel detection, severe sanctions for detected...     

From Experience: The Corporate Black Hole

There is a lot of creative potential lying dormant in corporations because too many managers fail to see innovation as a process to be deliberately managed. C. Joshua Abend sees innovation connected to virtually everything that happens—or doesn't happen—in an organization. He offers in this article ideas that managers can use to remove the impediments to increased innovation and productivity.     

Zoning and Industrial Land Values: The Case of Philadelphia

This paper examines the market effects of zoning. Using the hedonic framework, we perform an empirical analysis that shows that lots zoned for industrial use in our study area are associated with a 58% price discount. The paper highlights the outcome of static zoning policies in a dynamic world. As the demand for industrial land in Philadelphia declined (resulting in vacancies), prices fell, but zoning was slow to adjust, therefore land conversion did not occur to re-equilibrate.     

美国高校贷款融资运营与管理的经验及启示

目前我国高校市场化融资主要靠银行贷款,引发了一系列风险和问题,使得高校市场化融资陷入困境。而美国高校债务融资的历史经验非常值得我们学习和借鉴,我国政府和高校,以及商业银行都可以借鉴美国经验,采取相应的措施,共同努力解决目前的债务危机问题。     

土地财政、产业结构演变与税收超常规增长——中国“税收增长之谜”的一个分析视角

本文考察了最近10多年来我国税收增长速度一直显著高于GDP增长速度的现象。特别从地方政府土地财政激励与产业结构演变的角度考察了当前中国特定体制下地方政府做大财政资源产业的经济与政治激励。基于1998-2003年中国地级城市面板数据．我们实证考察了地方政府协议土地出让对财政占GDP比例的当期和滞后影响。最后．本文从土地财政角度对税收增长可持续性进行了初步评估。     

浅谈分析检测仪器设备的管理经验

分析检测是每一个化工企业指导安全平稳生产运行的"眼睛",任何一个化工企业都离不开分析化验这项工作。分析化验室作为化工企业分析检验的重要机构,对其生产过程控制、入厂原材料、出厂产品质量起着至关重要的作用。随着社会的不断进步,科学的不断创新,检测过程从原来的手动法基本转变为仪器设备自动快速分析法。分析所用的仪器设备安全、完好、稳定运行变的尤为重要,成为现代分析化验工作正常运行的基本保证。文章结合自身工作实际,谈谈几种仪器设备的管理方法。     

资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长

本文在新经济地理的框架下构建资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长模型,运用2001～2011年山西、内蒙古、陕西和宁夏等4个地区的面板数据对模型进行估计。结果发现：随机效应表明资源型产业专业化空间集聚和资源型产业多样化空间集聚引起的技术溢出效应均对经济增长具有非常显著的促进作用;而固定效应模型表明资源型产业专业化空间集聚比资源型产业多样化空间集聚更能促进区域经济增长。为了更好地实现资源型产业集聚、技术溢出与资源富集地区经济增长,需要提升资源富集地区的区域竞争优势和专业化程度。     

Linking Union Density and Union Effectiveness: The North American Experience

This study considers how union performance in terms of organizing, bargaining, and political activity are related to severely declining union density (the percentage of the workforce in unions) in the United States and the higher and stable union density in Canada. Canadian unions have remained active in recruiting new members and assign a high priority to organizing, while American unions have shown diminished organizing effort and ability. Canadian unions have demonstrated superior performance in collective bargaining as measured by resistance to concession bargaining and negotiated wage gains, among other factors. Finally, although Canadian unions experienced some political setbacks, they wielded more political influence than their American counterparts in promoting union-specific as well as broad social legislation. Density is examined as both a consequence and determinant of the divergence in union performance.