搞好棉花结构调整 努力增加棉农收入

近年来，为配合市农村种植业结构调整，我们围绕获取棉花高产高效，努力增加棉农收入，做了认真的调查研究，探索了一些切实可行的立休种植模式，总结、推广了一些行之有效的配套栽培技术，并取得了较为显著的经济效益和社会效益。下一步，我们将从搞好棉花结构调整入手，再增棉农收入，力求使我市棉花生产再上一个新台阶。     

发展棉花合作社 提高棉农组织化程度 高青县供销社参与棉花产业化措施得力

山东省高青县植棉历史悠久，种植棉花一直是农民的主要收入来源，上个世纪90年代初期，由于受产业结构调整、棉花品种老化等各方面因素的影响，导致植棉效益增长缓慢，棉农积极性受挫，棉花生产出现了滑坡趋势。1996年3月，由县供销社发起成立高青县棉花专业合作社，从棉花良种繁育入手，大力开展棉花产业化经营。几年来，我们积极发展良种繁育基地，不断扩大龙头企业规模，     

荆门市2004年棉花生产与经营将呈现出“四增”的良好发展势头

最近，荆门市农业发展银行组织棉花信贷调研时，从棉花部门获悉：预测全市今年棉花生产将出现一个高潮期，呈现出种植面积增、棉花产量增、棉农收入增、资金需求增的良好发展势头。     

谈谈新疆棉花产业的可持续发展战略

新疆是全国最大的优质棉生产基地。近年来，在新疆各级党委、政府的领导和国家有关部门的大力支持下，通过全区农业科技人员的呕心沥血和广大棉农的共同努力，新疆棉花产业取得了长足的发展。据统计，2005年，全区棉花播种面积达1700多万亩，产量达195．7万吨，是历史上增长最快的年份之一，占全国棉花总产量的34．3％，占世界棉花总产量的8％强。自1993年以来，新疆棉花总产量、单产、外销量、人均占有量等均居全国第一位，棉花已成为新疆国民经济的重要支柱产业，是新疆广大棉农的主要收入来源之一，对我国纺织工业的发展做出了很大贡献。     

新疆棉花生产要素成本收益及规模报酬变动趋势研究基于465户农户问卷调查数据

目的 由于生产要素的价格稳步攀升,新疆棉花生产成本过高,加上新疆棉花销售回归市场,价格不稳定,导致棉花生产风险增大,棉农种棉积极性降低。文章通过对新疆棉花成本收益及规模报酬变动趋势的研究,为棉农生产决策和政府政策提供参考。方法 在对新疆棉农问卷调查的基础上,研究棉花种植规模变动下生产要素的规模报酬。在二次函数的基础上寻找生产要素投入成本较低,收益最大的植棉规模,运用多元线性回归模型分析棉花生产要素投入对植棉成本的影响,以及不同植棉规模下生产要素对棉花产量增加的贡献程度。结果 新疆农户棉花生产的单位面积成本和收益随着户均种植规模的变化呈二次曲线变化;单位面积成本随着种植规模扩大,先下降,超过一定规模后上升,成本最低植棉规模为3.56hm²;单位面积收益随着种植规模扩大,先增加,超过一定规模后下降,收益最高的植棉规模为4.67~5.33hm²。研究发现,户均种植规模在2.5~4.5hm²时,土地费用、机械作业费、水电费、雇工费用投入对棉花产量的贡献较大,规模在7~10hm²时,化肥投入对棉花产量的贡献较大;农药、地膜、滴灌带等物质投入未体现规模趋势。结论 新疆农户棉花生产的成本和收益随着种植规模不同而变化的趋势符合规模经济原理,存在最优种植规模;在不同种植规模下,各种要素投入对新疆农户棉花产量的影响差异明显。因此,要引导棉农合理投入生产要素,降低成本,增加收益。     

关于河北棉花产业化发展的现状与对策

棉花是河北省的主要经济作物之一，是广大棉农收入的基本来源，是主产区经济发展的重要支柱，是纺织工业的重要原料，在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。河北省是我国主要产棉省区之一。随着种植业结构的调整以及我国加入WTO，给河北的棉花产业发展提出了新的课题。近年来河北省以提高棉花质量，改善棉花品质，提高棉田效益，增加农民收入为宗旨，紧紧围绕科技兴棉，大力推广优良品     

2013年全国棉花长势调查及产量预测

项目承担:中国棉花协会棉农合作分会、新疆华泰棉花专业合作社监测对象:13个主产棉省、市、区2766户棉农2013年7月,中国棉花协会棉农合作分会和新疆华泰棉花专业合作社,分别调查了内地12个省和新     

兵团棉花目标价格补贴政策实施情况调查研究*——基于第一师的问卷调查

［目的］新疆生产建设兵团（以下简称兵团）是我国棉花主产区，稳定兵团棉花生产对全疆乃至全国具有重要的战略意义； 为此， 2014年国家在新疆棉区率先实施棉花目标价格补贴试点。为了解兵团棉花目标价格补贴政策试点成效及存在问题,以优化棉花目标价格补贴政策。［方法］以兵团第一师为例，实地调查第一师棉花目标价格补贴政策实施情况，并依据样本区棉农对棉花目标价格补贴政策的响应做了分析。［结果］认为当前兵团棉花目标价格补贴政策试点成效较好，实施目标价格补贴政策稳定了兵团棉花生产，促进了棉花品质提升，保障了棉农增收，加快了行业优化升级，恢复了市场活力； 但棉花目标价格补贴依据、方式和金额及政策实施还存在不足。［结论］为优化棉花目标价格补贴政策，提出应加大宣传力度并明确价格边界，合理确定定价周期、实施综合补贴，有效规避世贸规则、建立配套措施，完善信息发布体系的对策建议。     

棉花目标价格制度对南疆棉农生产行为影响研究——基于TPB和SEM的实证分析

[目的]为了推进农业供给侧结构性改革,实现新疆棉花产业提质增效和转型升级,研究棉花目标价格制度对新疆南疆棉农生产行为的影响。[方法]基于计划行为理论(TPB),以新疆南疆巴州、阿克苏地区、喀什地区3个主要产棉地州6个县(市)12个乡(镇)的248个农户调查数据为样本,采用结构方程模型(SEM)分析棉花目标价格制度实施以来农户植棉行为变化的影响因素。[结果](1)农户植棉的行为意愿与生产行为有显著正相关,农户改变植棉的行为意愿越强烈,对生产行为变化的影响程度就越大;(2)农户的行为态度、主观规范以及农户感知行为控制与其行为意愿亦有显著正相关,并交互影响;(3)南疆农民对棉花目标价格制度的实施总体满意程度较高。[结论]棉花目标价格制度政策引导南疆棉农植棉行为向适度规模、提质量、重效益、合作经营的方向发展。     

新疆棉花生产性废弃物处理方式的影响因素分析

建立农业可持续发展长效机制是推进生态文明建设的重要任务,也是解决"三农"问题的重要使命,农业面源污染问题日渐成为建立农业可持续发展长效机制的严峻挑战。新疆是全国最大的优质商品棉生产基地,其棉花种植占中国棉花种植面积近一半,棉花生产在有力促进新疆地区收入增加的同时其负外部性也日渐显现,农膜、农药瓶及化肥包装物等生产性废弃物随意处理现象突出,新疆已成为"白色污染"最严重的区域,如何无害化处理这些废弃物,具有十分重要的现实意义。文章为研究新疆棉花生产性废弃物的处理方式及其影响因素,基于对新疆玛纳斯县、呼图壁县、石河子市、莎车县、阿瓦提县及哈密市276家农户的调查数据,探讨农户对农膜、农药瓶及化肥包装物等农业生产性废弃物处理方式的选择,并运用Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。研究结果表明:棉农的受教育程度、棉花种植面积的大小、参与棉花专业合作社对于棉农对这些废弃物处理方式的选择具有正向作用,而棉农环保意识的高低没有转化成为其决策的重要因素。在此研究结论基础上,给出了有利于改善棉农生产性废弃物处理方式的几点启示。     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Mix and sequencing of economywide and agricultural reforms: Chile and New Zealand

Once committed to economywide and sectoral reforms – stabilization, structural adjustment, and trade liberalization – and companion reforms of institutions, how does government best proceed? With what reforms in response to initial conditions, and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? This study examines what factors were most critical to success during transition in two early reformers. The economies of Chile and New Zealand have undergone seismic reforms, starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s, respectively. Comparative analysis of their reforms look at the prior conditions that induced drastic action and the policy choices made in each country. Though similar in many respects, differences in initial economic conditions and implementation led to dissimilar, even contrary results. For Chile, the outcome was a vigorous, recharged economy and agricultural sector; for New Zealand, the economy and the sector are lagging still. How policy choice and implementation, as well as simultaneity of reforms, affected the outcomes is the major thrust of the study. The preeminence of trade and macroeconomic policies over sectoral interventions, and in particular the strategic nature of the real exchange rate in allowing agriculture to compete domestically and internationally highlight the discussion.