论会计准则制定导向

文章从2006年出台的新会计准则出发,再次对会计准则的制定导向问题进行了探讨,在对三大导向各自的特征逐一进行阐述之后,分析了新准则的制定中原则导向的体现,最后结合我国的实际情况提出了坚持以原则为准则制定的基础,规则处于原则的次级地位这一基本原则来不断完善我国的会计准则体系的建议。     

破解“准则制定导向选择悖论”新思路

准则制定导向的选择本身就是一个悖论:选择原则导向,企业可以利用准则赋予的职业判断空间操纵利润;选择规则导向,企业可以通过"交易设计"与"组织创新"规避准则规定来操纵利润。本文提出了破解"准则制定导向选择悖论"的新思路:我国准则体系制定导向选择实行"双轨制"——规则导向的会计准则与原则导向的审计准则。     

破解“准则制定导向选择悖论”新思路

准则制定导向的选择本身就是一个悖论：选择原则导向，企业可以利用准则赋予的职业判断空间操纵利润：选择规则导向，企业可以通过“交易设计”与“组织创新”规避准则规定来操纵利润。本文提出了破解“准则制定导向选择悖论”的新思路：我国准则体系制定导向选择实行“双轨制”——规则导向的会计准则与原则导向的审计准则。     

试论会计准则的制定导向与会计行为控制

会计准则制定导向是研究会计准则制定与实施应首先关注的问题,我国现阶段应将以原则导向为基础的规则导向作为会计准则的制定导向。本文拟分析会计准则制定导向对会计行为的影响,针对我国的现实国情指出会计准则制定导向的理性选择及有效控制会计行为的对策。     

新会计准则体系制定模式导向的透视

新会计准则体系的颁布被认为是我国会计史上的里程碑,如何使广大会计执业者全面理解新准则的内涵以实现对新规范的严格遵循和精准应用是新准则成功实施的必备条件。本文认为,如何理解"国际趋同"和"中国特色"是把握关键新准则精髓的关键,而理解这两者的关键又必须从准则产生的源头--制定会计准则时所采用的目标导向开展理论上的阐述,才能正本清源,因此,本文采用规则导向和原则导向的视角,通过分析对比两种导向模式的优劣,得出了在现阶段,我国必须实施坚持以原则导向为主,辅之于规则导向的会计准则混合制定模式,同时,时刻关注实施新准则约束条件的变化,适时调整两者的结构,并努力改善相关约束条件的制约,新的会计准则体系才能发挥应有的功用和效能的结论。     

我国会计准则制定模式的选择

21世纪初,安然、世通事件的爆发引起了对会计准则制定模式的激烈讨论,我国会计准则制定模式开始是规则导向,后转向原则导向。安然事件后,美国的会计准则制定模式由规则导向向原则导向转变,但我们并未对我们的及早"转变"而高兴。看似合理的目标导向并不一定适合中国国情,规则导向依旧是我国会计准则制定模式的现实选择。     

浅论我国会计准则再造

本文主要从我国会计准则的制定过程出发,结合对美国会计准则制定基础变化的研究,揭示了以规则为基础和以原则为基础的两种准则制定基础的辩证关系,探讨了我国会计准则的导向问题,以及我国会计准则国际化的问题。     

基于成本观的会计准则导向评析——兼论我国会计准则导向的现实选择

会计准则导向的选择决定着会计准则的制定成本和实施成本。本文依据会计准则制定、实施的步骤,依次对采用规则导向模式和原则导向模式进行成本分析,认为我国现实国情下会计准则制定应逐步转向原则导向。     

论会计准则制造模式的选择

会计准则制造模式是对会计准则制定的导向基础、制定方法以及制定主体等作出的一种安排。它的选择影响着会计准则的质量和以准则为指导的会计行为。不同会计准则制造模式所体现的特点主要是通过构成模式的要素具体表现出来，与经济发展相适应的会计准则制造模式导向基础、恰当的准则制定方法以及高效率、公正的制度授体是良好会计准则制造模式的必备要素。下面将对会计准则制造模式的要素进行分析。     

高质量会计准则保障体系的构建

一、高质量会计准则的制定模式：原则导向 按原则导向方法制定的准则具有更强的概念依从性,是高质量会计准则的制定模式,它能有效地避免企业别有用心的“交易安排”,并能形成以职业判断替代机械套用准则条文的氛围。FASB发布的《关于美国以原则为导向制定会计准则的方法与建议》指出,原则导向准则与现行准则的区别是：（1）将广泛地使用原则,例外的规定就没有必要了。     

美国会计准则制定方法的哲学思考

美国公认会计原则采用了多种制定方法,包括以原则为基础和以规则为基础等方法。哲学思想作为人类智慧的结晶,不可避免地会影响准则制定者的思维方式,从而在各种准则制定方法中得到反映。本文尝试对蕴含在会计准则制定方法中的哲学思想进行分析,并结合西方哲学研究的新发展,试图从总体上把握会计准则制定方法的发展方向。     

会计准则制定导向:权变观

会计准则制定导向是会计理论研究的新课题。本文提出了会计准则制定导向权变观,这一观点旨在有机结合原则导向与规则导向的优点和规避其缺点。文章首先分析了权变观的定义、特征,并将其与现有的会计准则制定导向进行比较分析。最后就权变观对我国会计准则制定的适用性进行分析,并提出了完善的建议。     

论SPE的会计问题

SPE是资产证券化中的重要一环,对其如何进行会计处理可直接决定表外融资是否成功。但SPE会计处理的复杂性使得公司通过特殊安排,可以达到粉饰报表,逃避监管的目的,从而增加公司和金融市场的风险。安然事件直接促发了美国对SPE确认和合并会计问题的修改,并引起了规则导向和原则导向两种准则制定模式的大讨论。本文在介绍和比较FASB和IASB对SPE会计处理方法的基础上,谈了一些自己的看法。     

会计准则制定导向权变观的内涵及权变因素分析

本文在剖析会计准则制定的原则导向观和规则导向观基础上,为了解决可操作性问题,考虑到各个国家或地区间环境的差异,提出了会计准则制定导向的权变观,并从会计准则制定导向权变观的内涵出发,分析了各种环境权变因素对会计准则制定导向选择的作用机理。     

中国会计准则制定模式的现实选择

美国一系列财务丑闻的爆发引发了人们对于会计准则制定模式的激烈讨论。本文在分析美国会计准则制定模式演变的基础上,探讨了中国会计准则制定模式的现实选择问题。     

The Decision Usefulness of Fair Value Accounting – A Theoretical Perspective

ABSTRACT

Regulators such as the SEC and standard setting bodies such as the FASB and the IASB argue the case for the conceptual desirability of fair value measurement, notably on the relevance dimension. Recent standards on financial instruments and certain non-financial items adopt the new measurement paradigm. This paper takes issue with the notion of decision usefulness of a fair-value-based reporting system from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is put on the evaluation of the theoretical soundness of the arguments put forward by regulators and standard setting bodies. The analysis is conducted as economic (a priori) analysis. Two approaches to decision usefulness are adopted, the measurement or valuation perspective and the information perspective. Findings indicate that the decision relevance of fair value measurement can be justified from both perspectives, yet the conceptual case is not strong. The information aggregation notion that underlies standard setters' endorsement of fair value measurement turns out to be theoretically restricted in its validity and applicability. Also, comparative analysis of fair value accounting vs. historical cost accounting yields mixed results. One immediate implication of the research – a condition for the further implementation of fair value accounting – is the need to clarify standard setters' notion of accounting income, its presumed contribution to decision relevance and its disaggregation.     

An institutional theory perspective on the UK's Private Finance Initiative (PFI) accounting standard setting process

This article examines the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) accounting standard setting process from an institutional theory perspective. It identifies three forms of institutional pressures and examines their impact on the PFI standard setting process. ‘Coercive’ pressure, exerted by the Treasury, and ‘normative’ pressure, exerted by the accounting profession, were influential in shaping respondents' comments on the PFI accounting Exposure Draft (ED). It is argued that the views of the accounting profession seem to have prevailed in the PFI standard setting process. This might stem from its institutional legitimacy and close ties with the Accounting Standards Board (ASB). In line with its broader policy objective of adopting private sector business practices in the public sector, the Treasury has eventually ‘acquiesced’ to the final PFI accounting standard issued by the ASB.     

美国规则基础会计准则制订模式成因探析——基于会计双重属性的思考

本文以近年来发生于美国的一系列重大公司财务舞弊事件为背景,从会计的双重属性及会计准则性质的角度,对美国现行会计准则体系过于规则基础的成因进行探讨,并对我国会计准则制订提出若干建议。     

论“目标导向”会计准则及其借鉴意义

美国证券交易委员会在根据《萨班斯一奥克斯利法案》完成的会计准则研究报告中,提出了准则的制定应当坚持“目标导向”,并详细说明了“目标导向”准则的关键特征。“目标导向”准则重新强调了会计目标统一和会计准则理论框架的重要性,并将职业判断的责任由准则制定者回移给会计师和审计师,通过市场约束机制维护会计信息质量。这对我国会计准则模式选择、财务概念框架建设和会计信息的市场机制完善等方面都有很好的借鉴意义。     

Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary

This Commentary summarizes and remarks on several discussions of the link between academic accounting research and financial reporting standard setting. Our Commentary is prompted by references to building the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) research capacity, included in three due process documents: Report of the Trustees' Strategy Review, IFRSs as the Global Standard: Setting a Strategy for the Foundation's Second Decade; Agenda Consultation 2011; and Feedback Statement: Agenda Consultation 2011. Pursuant to its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER) has undertaken activities, including hosting two roundtables, related to the link between academic accounting research (and researchers) and the IASB's standard‐setting activities. We discuss the main issues addressed and themes emerging from the IAAER roundtables including whether academic research is relevant to standard setters; types of academic research, and areas of inquiry, that would be most relevant to accounting standard setters; perceptions on why academic research is not more useful to standard setters and challenges to academic researcher's engagement in standard setting. We summarize the IAAER Committee response to the consultation paper, Status of Trustees' Strategy Review. Finally, we identify areas where we believe academia can assist in building a dedicated research capacity at the IASB and note specific areas where future academic research is needed to inform the IASB.