如何有效利用村集体资源壮大村集体经济

基于农村经济体制不断改革的时代背景下,农村的集体经济发展速度也不断加快。但由于长期以来,监督管理工作不到位,使得农村集体资产管理中还存在许多方面的问题。例如:资产损耗过大、产权不清晰等。因此,本文从利用村集体资源壮大村集体经济面临的问题,进行了较为深入的探究,并以此为基础,提出健全组织管理、制定战略规划、促进特色产业发展与进步、盘活村集体资源等方面的措施。希望能彻底扭转村集体管理制度不健全的问题,为农村集体经济的持续发展奠定稳固基础。     

欠发达地区新型农村集体经济治理现代化：逻辑定位与实践指向

欠发达地区新型农村集体经济治理现代化,作为乡村治理现代化的重要组成部分,属于国家治理现代化的基本范畴,关乎农业农村现代化的成败,彰显了中国式现代化的本质要求。欠发达农村地区受制于区域位置、人力资源流失、生态资源沉淀等困境,其乡村治理现代化与新型农村集体经济治理现代化呈现出互嵌式发展。山西省X村的蜕变之路昭示了欠发达地区新型农村集体经济治理现代化的可能性和现实性。基于此,从结构现代化推进欠发达地区新型农村集体经济组织治理,从制度现代化推进欠发达地区新型农村集体经济内部治理,从资源现代化推进欠发达地区新型农村集体经济要素治理,从模式现代化推进欠发达地区新型农村集体经济联合治理,是欠发达地区新型农村集体经济推进其治理现代化的必要遵循。     

经营性治理：理解农村集体经济探索实践的一个新视角

本文通过对农村集体经济探索实践的研究，提出“经营性治理”这一解释框架，以揭示农村集体经济多样化实践背后的组织逻辑。研究认为，农村集体经济的多重嵌入性决定了其发展不能仅强调经济收益，还要建立一套经营性的治理机制，以此来熨平附着在村社资源之上的各类制度关系，为农村集体经济的发展奠定政治和社会基础。在“经营性治理”的实践中，村治主体通过关系治理、整合经营权和股份制来推动村社资源的内部整合与外部交易，这不仅提高了村社资源的配置效率，也提升了村社治理能力，促进了共同富裕。为此，地方政府在发展农村集体经济中，要重视非经济要素在其中的作用，探索建立农村集体经济的经营性治理机制。     

农村集体经济混合经营实现形式：作用机理、主要障碍与政策体系

混合经营是农村集体经济的一种新实现形式，即在传统集体经营基础上导入家庭经营、合作经营、企业经营等其他经营形态，这种方式能通过产权激励、要素配置、践行集体经营公平价值等方面，收获资源协同效应，有效促进农村集体经济发展。不过，由于家庭经营、合作经营、集体经营、企业经营等在产权特征、组织成员、决策机制、分配方式、规则认同、个体与组织关系、价值取向等方面存在较大差异，混合经营可能会引发集体利益被侵占、农民利益受损的风险。此外，农村集体经济组织特别法人破产难实现、农村集体产权流转交易范围受限、集体所有权弱化和集体经济发展资源不足、农村集体“三资”监督管理不健全，制约了农村集体经济混合经营发展。要辩证看待农村集体经济混合经营的优势和不足，既要积极推进混合经营，也要建立适宜的治理机制和政策体系，以此应对相关风险和问题障碍，促进农村集体经济健康持续发展，释放集体经济强村富民效应。     

长江三角洲村域集体经济转型发展研究

该文从界定村域集体经济的内涵入手,回顾了我国村域集体经济的历史变迁及转型发展的重要性;重点研究了长三角村域集体经济的管理体制改革、经营方式转型、资产流向及发展趋势,并对村域集体经济的收入能力进行了区域比较。认为:我国村域集体资源、资产和资金是村社农民共同创造、代际传承、辛勤积累和沉淀下来的,凝聚着几代农民的贡献,只能由村民自治组织和村组集体经济组织管理和经营;村域集体经济还是农村未来发展和农民共同富裕的重要物质基础,当前农村社区居民生产、生活服务,尤其是公共品供给特别需要村域集体经济实力的支撑。     

股份重建与农村集体经济改革

农村集体经济改革不能是“解散生产力”,而应是“解放生产力”,关键要建立起符合现代产权制度的新型治理结构,促进农村生产力的不断提高。无锡建立股份经济合作社是深化农村集体经济改革的一次重要尝试,它明晰了集体经济中农民的所有者权益,建立了集体经济发展的新机制,对促进农村社会经济全面协调可持续发展具有重大意义。     

村集体经济组织会计工作概述

农村经济在家庭联产承包的基础上,正在有序地向规模化、多元化、专业化方向发展,村集体经济组织的家底日益雄厚、集聚效应、潜力巨大;农业经济越发展,农村会计越重要.现在的村集体经济组织会计人员绝非仅仅是中规中矩的核算者,而要成为能够出谋划策、运筹帷幄的掌控人.     

发展壮大经济欠发达地区村集体经济的思考

发展壮大村级集体经济,引导、支持和帮助广大农民走共同富裕的道路,实现村强民富,是我们党坚定不移的方针,是社会主义公有制经济在农村的具体体现,也是当前深化农村改革的重点难点问题。村级集体经济是村级组织运转和农村事业发展的物质基础。有了发达的集体经济,才能更好地扶持家庭经营及个体经济的发展,才能实现共同富裕,同时强大的集体经济也是增强农村基层组织凝聚力的物质基础。但经济欠发达地区出现村集体“无钱办事”的困境。如何解决这一问题？加快村集体经济发展步伐,促进村集体经济可持续发展,     

集体经济村庄

一、中国农村集体经济的类型 王景新:当今“明星村”集体经济发展的有效实现形式 (一)概念界定 当今“明星村”是指中国农村改革开放36年来涌现出来的、社会知名度极高的著名经济强村. 我们完成了一个国家社科基金重点项目,研究集体经济的有效实现形式.走的村庄比较多,所有调查样本包括17个省的村庄,加起来有108个,其中中共历史名村有20个,能够归到当今“明星村”的有10个左右.     

新型农村集体经济、产业融合发展与农民农村共同富裕

壮大新型农村集体经济、推进产业融合发展是促进农民农村共同富裕的必然选择和有效途径。基于新型农村集体经济、产业融合发展促进农民农村共同富裕的作用机理,利用2009—2020年30个省份的面板数据实证分析新型农村集体经济、产业融合发展对农民农村共同富裕的影响。研究结果表明:(1)从富裕维度看,新型农村集体经济、产业融合发展兼具经济效应和社会效应,能够显著提升农村整体富裕水平;从共享维度看,能够有效缩小城乡差距,提高共享水平。替代变量与内生性处理的稳健性检验均支持了这一结论。(2)新型农村集体经济不仅能通过产业融合发展中介变量对农民农村共同富裕施加间接影响,而且与产业融合发展形成联动,互促互进联合助推农民农村共同富裕。(3)基层组织治理能力和集体经济经营模式均关系到农村集体经济的发展状况,影响集体经济对农民农村共同富裕的驱动效果。(4)农村集体产权制度改革绩效评价显示新型农村集体经济能够有效防止两极分化、缩小城乡差距。据此,应当继续深化农村集体产权制度改革,创新集体经济经营模式;推动农村产业融合发展,发挥集体经济与产业融合发展的联动效应;不断完善农村基层组织治理结构,推动乡村治理体系和治理能...     

Collective Trust Behavior*

This paper investigates trust behavior in situations where decision‐makers are large groups and the decision mechanism is collective. Theories from behavioral economics and psychology suggest that trust in such situations may differ from interindividual trust. The experimental results here reveal a large difference in trust but not in trustworthiness between the individual and collective setting. Furthermore, a field experiment captures the determinants of collective trust behavior among two Swedish cohorts. Beliefs about the other group and one's own group are strongly associated with collective trustworthiness and trust behavior.     

Collective contests with externalities

This paper examines collective contests associated with externalities. The collective contest is modelled as a two-stage game in which intra-group sharing rules and individual outlays are determined sequentially. Depending upon the restrictions on the intra-group sharing rules and the extent of externalities, we identify three kinds of Nash equilibria, and compare them with the outcome of the contest between individuals. This paper also proposes a real rent-dissipation rate as a measure of social waste when externalities are present. The externalities are shown to have significant effects on the relationship between the number of players and the real rent-dissipation rate.     

Collective consumption and welfare

Abstract.  In this paper, we present a collective model of household demand based on Pareto‐efficiency. In addition, we suppose that (a) each household member is egoistic and consumption is purely private, (b) there is a set of distribution factors and (c) there is one exclusive good. Then we derive the testable restrictions that are implied by this theoretical setting and show how welfare comparisons at the individual level can be performed. JEL classification: D11     

Collective Economy in War

Collective Economy in War I President Roosevelt Recommends to the Congress Legislation to Stabilize the Cost of Living April 27, 1944
II The President Reports on His Tour of War Production Centers Radio Address to the Nation, October 12, 1942
III The President Transmits to Congress a War Budget Exceeding a Hundred Billion Dollars January 6, 1943     

Collective Annuities and Redistribution

This paper studies the role of alternative pension systems that offer collective annuities. The defining characteristic of collective annuities is that they do not depend on an individual's survival probabilities. We show that such a system may be welfare improving (with a utilitarian social welfare function) even when private annuity markets are perfect and when life expectancy and earning abilities are positively correlated (i.e., in a setting that is  a priori  biased against collective annuities). We first concentrate on linear pension systems and contrast two schemes: a pure contributory (Bismarckian) pension and a flat rate (Beveridgean) pension. We show that the case for collective annuities is stronger when they are associated with a flat pension system. Then we analyze nonlinear pension schemes. We show that the solution can be implemented by a pension scheme associated with annuities that reflect some degree of "collectiveness." Unlike under pure collective annuities, benefits do depend on life expectancy but to a lesser degree than with actuarially fair private annuities. In other words, the impact of survival probabilities is mitigated rather than completely neutralized.     

Collective decisions with interdependent valuations

Many collective decision problems have in common that individuals’ desired outcomes are correlated but not identical. This paper studies collective decisions with private information about desired policies. Each agent holds private information which mainly concerns his own bliss point, but private information also affects all other agents. We concentrate on two specific mechanism, the median and mean mechanisms establish the existence of symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibria of the corresponding games and compare the performance of the mechanisms for different degrees of interdependencies. Applications of our framework include the provision of public goods and the design of decision processes in international organizations.     

Collective choice under dichotomous preferences

Agents partition deterministic outcomes into good or bad. A mechanism selects a lottery over outcomes (time-shares). The probability of a good outcome is the canonical utility. The utilitarian mechanism averages over outcomes with largest “approval”. It is efficient, strategyproof, anonymous and neutral.We reach an impossibility if, in addition, each agent's utility is at least , where n is the number of agents; or is at least the fraction of good to feasible outcomes. We conjecture that no ex ante efficient and strategyproof mechanism guarantees a strictly positive utility to all agents, and prove a weaker statement.     

Collective Perception and Exchange Rates

The authors' research suggests that people search online for information on currency exchange rates and that this information-seeking process can be translated into data on people's interest for a given currency. The authors utilize Google Trends data to capture the level of interest in 3 currency pairs: the euro, the pound sterling, and the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar and conduct a multivariate data analysis in the context of vector-autoregressive models. The findings suggest that there is a small but significant impact on collective perception on exchange rates. The authors show that Google Trends data could be an important source of information for investors looking into exchange rate trends.     

平等保护集体物权:解决我国集体土地及相关问题

该文从法理、现实以及党和国家倡导的理念、要实现的愿景,论述了目前集体土地制度出现的种种问题。文章提出,《物权法》对国家、集体、私人物权的平等保护原则,更加凸显必须从根本上解决这一问题的必要性和迫切性,并认为在《宪法》和《物权法》框架内,实行渐进式改革是能够实现的:通过强化集体土地承包经营权使之物权化;通过界定"公共利益",处理好征用和买卖公正的关系;通过"收益平衡"解决农用地转让中,因土地利用规划和城市建设规划产生的收益差距。并从理论上验证了这一新的制度设计可以彻底解决目前已经出现的,包括"小产权"在内的各种突出问题,以及可能新产生的矛盾;也回答了"土地换社保"问题,土地私有化并非正确选项。